Journal of Biological Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
295(30), P. 10493 - 10505
Published: June 6, 2020
The
gastrointestinal
tract
is
a
highly
proliferative
and
regenerative
tissue.
intestine
also
harbors
large
diverse
microbial
population
collectively
called
the
gut
microbiome
(microbiota).
microbiome-intestine
cross-talk
includes
dynamic
exchange
of
gaseous
signaling
mediators
generated
by
bacterial
intestinal
metabolisms.
Moreover,
initiates
maintains
hypoxic
environment
that
critical
for
nutrient
absorption,
barrier
function,
innate
adaptive
immune
responses
in
mucosal
cells
intestine.
response
to
hypoxia
mediated
hypoxia-inducible
factors
(HIFs).
In
conditions,
HIF
activation
regulates
expression
cohort
genes
promote
adaptation
hypoxia.
Physiologically,
HIF-dependent
contribute
aforementioned
maintenance
epithelial
regulation.
However,
chronic
exacerbates
disease
leading
injury,
inflammation,
colorectal
cancer.
this
review,
we
aim
outline
major
roles
physiological
pathological
conditions
homeostasis
onset
progression
with
focus
on
understanding
complex
pathophysiology
Cancer Letters,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
490, P. 174 - 185
Published: July 25, 2020
T
Regulatory
cells
(Tregs)
can
have
both
protective
and
pathological
roles.
They
maintain
immune
homeostasis
inhibit
responses
in
various
diseases,
including
cancer.
Proportions
of
Tregs
the
peripheral
blood
some
cancer
patients
increase
by
approximately
two-fold,
compared
to
those
healthy
individuals.
contribute
development
progression
suppressing
effector
cell
functions,
thereby
compromising
tumor
killing
promoting
growth.
Highly
immunosuppressive
express
upregulated
levels
transcription
factor,
Forkhead
box
protein
P3
(FoxP3).
Elevated
FoxP3+
within
microenvironment
(TME)
showed
a
positive
correlation
with
poor
prognosis
patients.
Despite
success
immunotherapy,
use
checkpoint
inhibitors,
significant
proportion
show
low
response
rates
as
result
primary
or
acquired
resistance
against
therapy.
Some
mechanisms
which
underlie
therapy
are
associated
Treg
suppressive
function.
In
this
review,
we
describe
contribution
development/progression,
Treg-mediated
immunosuppression.
We
discuss
prognostic
significance
different
cancers
their
potential
biomarkers.
also
therapeutic
strategies
target
combination
other
types
immunotherapies
aiming
overcome
improve
clinical
outcomes
Overall,
understanding
could
help
more
effective
targeted
enhance
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
19(1)
Published: Sept. 4, 2020
The
activation
of
the
cGAS-STING
pathway
has
tremendous
potential
to
improve
anti-tumor
immunity
by
generating
type
I
interferons.
In
recent
decades,
we
have
witnessed
that
producing
dsDNA
upon
various
stimuli
is
an
initiative
factor,
triggering
cGAS-SING
for
a
defensive
host.
understanding
both
intracellular
cascade
reaction
and
changes
molecular
components
gains
insight
into
IFNs
adaptive
immunity.
Based
on
immunological
study,
STING-cGAS
coupled
cancer
biotherapy.
most
challenging
problem
limited
therapeutic
effect.
Therefore,
people
view
5,
6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic
acid,
cyclic
dinucleotides
derivative
as
agonists.
Even
so,
these
agonists
flaws
in
decreasing
biotherapeutic
efficacy.
Subsequently,
exploited
agonist
delivery
systems
(nanocarriers,
microparticles
hydrogels).
article
will
discuss
underlying
mechanisms,
with
introduction
agonists,
related
clinical
trials
systems.
