Predicting aerosol transmission in airplanes: Benefits of a joint approach using experiments and simulation DOI Creative Commons
Christian Leithäuser, Victor Norrefeldt, E. Thiel

et al.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(6), P. 991 - 1010

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Summary We investigate the transmission of aerosol particles in an airplane cabin with a joint approach using experiments and simulation. Experiments were conducted realistic aircraft heated dummies acting as passengers. A Sheffield head generator was used to emulate infected passenger particle numbers measured at different locations throughout quantify exposure other The same setting simulated computational fluid dynamics model consisting Lagrange continuous phase for capturing air flow, coupled suspended discrete represent aerosols. Virtual measurements derived from simulation compared experiments. Our main results are: experimental setup provides good well suited validation, does correctly reproduce fundamental mechanisms dispersion simulations can help improve understanding example by visualizing distributions. Furthermore, findings it possible crucially setup, proving that feedback between numerical hardware world is indeed beneficial.

Language: Английский

Monitoring of indoor air quality at a large sailing cruise ship to assess ventilation performance and disease transmission risk DOI Creative Commons
H. W. K. Cheung, Prashant Kumar, Sarkawt Hama

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 962, P. 178286 - 178286

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Large passenger ships are characterised as enclosed and crowded indoor spaces with frequent interactions between travellers, providing conditions that facilitate disease transmission. This study aims to provide an ship CO

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Airborne transmission risks of tuberculosis and COVID-19 in schools in South Africa, Switzerland, and Tanzania: Modeling of environmental data DOI Creative Commons
Nicolas Banholzer, Remo Schmutz, Keren Middelkoop

et al.

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. e0002800 - e0002800

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic renewed interest in airborne transmission of respiratory infections, particularly congregate indoor settings, such as schools. We modeled risks tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium , Mtb ) and SARS-CoV-2) South African, Swiss Tanzanian secondary estimated the infection with Wells-Riley equation, expressed median 2.5% 97.5% quantiles (credible interval [CrI]), based on ventilation rate duration exposure to infectious doses (so-called quanta). computed air change (ventilation) using carbon dioxide (CO 2 a tracer gas quanta generation reported estimates from literature. share students classroom is determined country-specific pulmonary TB. For SARS-CoV-2, number was excess mortality mitigate bias reporting testing. Average CO concentration (parts per million [ppm]) 1,610 ppm Africa, 1,757 Switzerland, 648 Tanzania. annual risk for 22.1% (interquartile range [IQR] 2.7%-89.5%) 0.7% (IQR 0.1%-6.4%) 0.5% 0.0%-3.9%) monthly 6.8% 0.8%-43.8%) 1.2% 0.1%-8.8%) 0.9% 0.1%-6.6%) differences primarily reflect higher incidence SARS-CoV-2 prevalence TB but also rates due better natural classrooms Global comparisons disease can provide high-level information policy-making regarding appropriate control strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Reducing Transmission of Airborne Respiratory Pathogens: A New Beginning as the COVID-19 Emergency Ends DOI Creative Commons
Linsey C. Marr, Jonathan M. Samet

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, new evidence-based strategies have emerged for reducing transmission of respiratory infections through management indoor air.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Review on respiratory infectious disease transmission mechanism: effects of human movement and facemask use DOI Creative Commons
Jialin Wu,

Feifan He,

Zilin Xie

et al.

Emergency Management Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Respiratory infectious diseases can cause public health emergencies, threatening human well-being, social operation, and economic development. Clarifying the transmission mechanism of respiratory is essential for control measures. We review main research findings on in recent decades. The source characteristics diseases, airborne mechanism, exposure susceptible persons, infection risk assessment methods are discussed. Given that dynamic scenario disease has attracted wide attention years, we summarize effects movement indoor airflow, pathogen diffusion, exposure. Considering everyday use facemasks, facemasks also Finally, future prospects proposed. be comprehensively explored by delving into patients' pathological personnel protection This exploration facilitated establishing a multi-pose manikin database, enabling personalized refined evaluations. Interdisciplinary cooperation will play pivotal role fostering holistic understanding. Furthermore, it crucial to account impact individuals' activity patterns dynamics. expected reference emergency management.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Addressing actual and community expectations on CO2 concentrations within indoor spaces – A reasonably practicable methodology using CO2 concentration to assess ventilation quality to indoor spaces DOI Creative Commons
Peter McGarry, Lidia Morawska, Savinda Heshani Arambawatta-Lekamge

et al.

Indoor Environments, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100101 - 100101

Published: June 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
An evaluation of the risk of airborne transmission of COVID ‐19 on an inter‐city train carriage DOI
Huw Woodward, Rick J. B. de Kreij, Emily Kruger

et al.

Indoor Air, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Experiments were conducted in an UK inter-city train carriage with the aim of evaluating risk infection to SARS-CoV-2 virus via airborne transmission. The experiments included in-service CO2 measurements and measurement salt aerosol concentrations released within carriage. Computational fluid dynamics simulations airflow also used visualise patterns, efficacy HVAC filter material was tested a laboratory. Assuming infectious person is present, for 1-h journey estimated be 6 times lower than full day well-ventilated office, or 10-12 poorly ventilated office. While absolute typical likely low, case where particularly individual on-board, there potential number secondary infections occur during journey. Every effort should therefore made minimize these carriages. Recommendations are given use sensors evaluation transmission on

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Reducing the contaminant dispersion and infection risks in the train cabins by adjusting the inlet turbulence intensity: A study based on turbulence simulation DOI
Tiantian Wang,

Yaxin Zheng,

Yibin Lu

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 930, P. 172735 - 172735

Published: April 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Mitigating airborne infection risks in public transportation: A systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Saeed Jaydarifard, Lidia Morawska, Alexander Paz

et al.

Transport Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 309 - 320

Published: July 9, 2024

Airborne infections pose significant challenges to public transportation systems which can result in decline ridership levels and financial stress for operators. This systematic review presents a comprehensive overview of measures strategies employed by ground agencies protect passengers staff while ensuring the uninterrupted operation. study also conducted bibliometric analysis provide insights into key topics, publication patterns, major contributors field airborne transmission research transportation. We have included studies published from January 2003 June 2024, reported recommendations managing reduce virus transmission. Of 2848 initially identified studies, 69 met our eligibility criteria. Our four prevent transportation, including air quality improvement, cleaning, mask-wearing, social distancing vehicles stations. While poses challenge integration crowd management techniques technology-driven information dissemination effective capacity. The adoption solutions, such as efficient filtration systems, automated mask detection mechanisms, ultraviolet disinfection devices, real-time passenger information, is required implement these effectively. Transportation utilize an infection risk calculator during pandemics beyond assess mitigate various modes Lessons Covid-19 pandemic underscored need developing advanced technologies enhance safety

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Active Air Monitoring for Understanding the Ventilation and Infection Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Public Indoor Spaces DOI Creative Commons
Prashant Kumar, Gopinath Kalaiarasan, Rajesh K. Bhagat

et al.

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 2067 - 2067

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Indoor, airborne, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a key infection route. We monitored fourteen different indoor spaces in order to assess the risk transmission. PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations were simultaneously understand aerosol exposure ventilation conditions. Average highest underground station (261 ± 62.8 μgm−3), followed by outpatient emergency rooms hospitals located near major arterial roads (38.6 20.4 respiratory wards, medical day units intensive care recorded range 5.9 1.1 μgm−3. Mean levels across all sites did not exceed 1000 ppm, ward (788 61 ppm) pub (bar) (744 136 due high occupancy. The estimated air change rates implied that there sufficient these manage increased probability unit hospital 3, was 1.6-times 2.2-times higher than waiting 4 5, respectively. temperature relative humidity at most below 27 °C, 40% and, with footfall limited exchange, such as unit, indicate airborne

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Predicting aerosol transmission in airplanes: Benefits of a joint approach using experiments and simulation DOI Creative Commons
Christian Leithäuser, Victor Norrefeldt, E. Thiel

et al.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(6), P. 991 - 1010

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Summary We investigate the transmission of aerosol particles in an airplane cabin with a joint approach using experiments and simulation. Experiments were conducted realistic aircraft heated dummies acting as passengers. A Sheffield head generator was used to emulate infected passenger particle numbers measured at different locations throughout quantify exposure other The same setting simulated computational fluid dynamics model consisting Lagrange continuous phase for capturing air flow, coupled suspended discrete represent aerosols. Virtual measurements derived from simulation compared experiments. Our main results are: experimental setup provides good well suited validation, does correctly reproduce fundamental mechanisms dispersion simulations can help improve understanding example by visualizing distributions. Furthermore, findings it possible crucially setup, proving that feedback between numerical hardware world is indeed beneficial.

Language: Английский

Citations

0