Global climatic drivers of leaf size

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 357(6354), P. 917 - 921

Published: Aug. 31, 2017

Leaf size varies by over a 100,000-fold among species worldwide. Although 19th-century plant geographers noted that the wet tropics harbor plants with exceptionally large leaves, latitudinal gradient of leaf has not been well quantified nor key climatic drivers convincingly identified. Here, we characterize worldwide patterns in size. Large-leaved predominate wet, hot, sunny environments; small-leaved typify environments only arid conditions; small leaves are also found high latitudes and elevations. By modeling balance energy inputs outputs, show daytime nighttime leaf-to-air temperature differences to geographic gradients This knowledge can enrich "next-generation" vegetation models which water use during photosynthesis play roles.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of CNRM Earth System Model, CNRM‐ESM2‐1: Role of Earth System Processes in Present‐Day and Future Climate

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 4182 - 4227

Published: Nov. 6, 2019

Abstract This study introduces CNRM‐ESM2‐1, the Earth system (ES) model of second generation developed by CNRM‐CERFACS for sixth phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). CNRM‐ESM2‐1 offers a higher complexity than Atmosphere‐Ocean General Circulation CNRM‐CM6‐1 adding interactive ES components such as carbon cycle, aerosols, and atmospheric chemistry. As both models share same code, physical parameterizations, grid resolution, they offer fully traceable framework to investigate how far represented processes impact performance over present‐day, response external forcing future climate projections. Using large variety CMIP6 experiments, we show that more prominently present‐day. Both display comparable at replicating modern observations although mean is slightly warmer CNRM‐CM6‐1. difference arises from land cover‐aerosol interactions where use different soil vegetation distributions between impacts rate dust emissions. interaction results in smaller aerosol burden CNRM‐CM6‐1, leading surface radiative budget climate. Greater differences are found when comparing Represented damp warming up 10% with respect The representation CO 2 ‐water‐stomatal feedback explain about 60% this difference. remainder driven other feedbacks natural feedback.

Language: Английский

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Microbiomes in light of traits: A phylogenetic perspective

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 350(6261)

Published: Nov. 5, 2015

A focus on the phenotypic characteristics of microorganisms-their traits-offers a path for interpreting growing amount microbiome data. We review key aspects microbial traits, as well approaches used to assay their phylogenetic distribution. Recent studies reveal that traits are differentially conserved across tree life and appear be in hierarchical fashion, possibly linked biochemical complexity. These results suggest predictive framework whereby genetic (or taxonomic) resolution variation among samples provides information about under selection. The organizational parallels seen human free-living microbiomes seem support this idea. Developments may offer predictions not only how composition responds changing environmental conditions, but also these changes alter health or functioning human, engineered, systems.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the Holy Grail: using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 1156 - 1173

Published: April 22, 2016

ABSTRACT One of ecology's grand challenges is developing general rules to explain and predict highly complex systems. Understanding predicting ecological processes from species' traits has been considered a ‘ H oly G rail’ in ecology. Plant functional are increasingly being used develop mechanistic models that can how communities will respond abiotic biotic perturbations species affect ecosystem function services rapidly changing world; however, significant remain. In this review, we highlight recent work outstanding questions three areas: ( i ) selecting relevant traits; ii describing intraspecific trait variation incorporating into models; iii scaling data community‐ ecosystem‐level processes. Over the past decade, there have advances characterization plant strategies based on relationships, integration multivariate indices community function. However, utility trait‐based approaches ecology benefit efforts demonstrate these influence organismal, community, across vegetation types, which may be achieved through meta‐analysis enhancement databases. Additionally, interactions need incorporated predictive using tools such as Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Finally, existing linking empirically tested for their applicability realized.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis reveals that hydraulic traits explain cross-species patterns of drought-induced tree mortality across the globe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(18), P. 5024 - 5029

Published: April 18, 2016

Significance Predicting the impacts of climate extremes on plant communities is a central challenge in ecology. Physiological traits may improve prediction drought forests globally. We perform meta-analysis across 33 studies that span all forested biomes and find that, among examined traits, hydraulic explain cross-species patterns mortality from drought. Gymnosperm angiosperm was associated with different giving insight into relative weights mechanisms prediction. Our results provide foundation for more mechanistic predictions drought-induced tree Earth’s diverse forests.

Language: Английский

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