Journal of Applied Ecology,
Journal Year:
2010,
Volume and Issue:
48(1), P. 210 - 219
Published: Dec. 13, 2010
Summary
1.
Traffic
affects
large
areas
of
natural
habitat
worldwide.
As
a
result,
the
acoustic
signals
used
by
birds
and
other
animals
are
increasingly
masked
traffic
noise.
Masking
important
to
territory
defence
mate
attraction
may
have
negative
impact
on
reproductive
success.
Depending
overlap
in
space,
time
frequency
between
noise
vocalizations,
such
ultimately
exclude
species
from
suitable
breeding
habitat.
However
direct
success
has
not
previously
been
reported.
2.
We
monitored
avian
vocal
activity
during
season
alongside
busy
Dutch
motorway.
measured
variation
spectrum
tested
for
effects
using
long‐term
data
great
tits
Parus
major
.
3.
Noise
levels
decreased
with
distance
motorway,
but
we
also
found
substantial
spatial
independent
distance.
varied
temporally
March
being
noisier
than
April,
daytime
night‐time.
Furthermore,
weekdays
were
clearly
weekends.
Importantly,
overlapped
as
well
vocalization
behaviour
over
area.
4.
had
effect
females
laying
smaller
clutches
areas.
Variation
band
that
overlaps
most
lower
part
tit
song
best
explained
observed
variation.
5.
Additionally,
recorded
April
number
fledglings,
clutch
size,
better
March.
6.
Synthesis
applications
under
noisy
conditions
can
carry
cost,
even
common
urban
Such
costs
should
be
taken
into
account
when
protecting
threatened
species,
argue
knowledge
spatial,
temporal
spectral
species‐specific
will
effective
management.
provide
some
cost‐effective
mitigation
measures
speed
reduction
or
closing
roads
season.
Ecology Letters,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
14(6), P. 591 - 602
Published: March 6, 2011
The
spectacular
diversity
in
sexually
selected
traits
among
animal
taxa
has
inspired
the
hypothesis
that
divergent
sexual
selection
can
drive
speciation.
Unfortunately,
speciation
biologists
often
consider
isolation
from
natural
selection,
even
though
evolve
an
ecological
context:
both
preferences
and
are
subject
to
selection.
Conversely,
while
behavioural
ecologists
may
address
effects
on
communication,
they
rarely
measure
consequences
for
population
divergence.
Herein,
we
review
empirical
literature
addressing
mechanisms
by
which
interact
during
We
find
convincing
evidence
any
of
these
scenarios
is
thin.
However,
available
data
strongly
support
various
diversifying
emerge
interactions
between
environmental
heterogeneity.
suggest
evaluating
evolutionary
requires
a
better
integration
behavioural,
research.
Ethology,
Journal Year:
1993,
Volume and Issue:
93(3), P. 177 - 197
Published: Jan. 12, 1993
Abstract
Understanding
the
information
conveyed
by
animal
signals
requires
studies
of
both
production
and
perception.
It
is
important
to
determine
relationship
between
signal
morphology
circumstances
production,
way
signaller
behavior
varies
with
motivational
state
role
context
in
mediating
responses
signals.
Alarm
calls
are
well‐suited
research
this
type
because
they
widespread
birds
mammals
typically
evoke
unambiguous
responses.
We
review
alarm
calling
primates
ground‐dwelling
sciurid
rodents,
concentrating
especially
on
whether
these
systems
may
be
viewed
as
‘functionally
referential’,
that
is,
conveying
sufficient
about
an
event
for
receivers
select
appropriate
Comparisons
physical,
behavioral
habitat
characteristics
species
suggest
incompatibility
escape
required
avoid
different
classes
predators
have
been
factor
evolution
functionally
referential
calls.
Biology Letters,
Journal Year:
2010,
Volume and Issue:
6(4), P. 458 - 461
Published: Feb. 17, 2010
Many
studies
have
focused
on
the
effects
of
anthropogenic
noise
animal
communication,
but
only
a
few
looked
at
its
effect
other
behavioural
systems.
We
designed
playback
experiment
to
test
predation
risk
assessment.
found
that
in
response
boat
motor
playback,
Caribbean
hermit
crabs
(Coenobita
clypeatus)
allowed
simulated
predator
approach
closer
before
they
hid.
Two
hypotheses
may
explain
how
affected
assessment:
it
masked
an
approaching
predator's
sound;
and/or
reallocated
some
crabs'
finite
attention,
effectively
distracting
them,
and
thus
preventing
them
from
responding
threat.
no
support
for
first
hypothesis:
silent
looming
object
still
got
during
playbacks
than
silence.
However,
we
attentional
when
added
flashing
lights
further
distract
crabs,
were
able
more
closely
with
alone.
Anthropogenic
sounds
prey
make
vulnerable
predation.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: July 12, 2019
Abstract
Although
stress
is
an
increasing
global
health
problem
in
cities,
urban
green
spaces
can
provide
benefits.
There
is,
however,
a
lack
of
understanding
the
link
between
physiological
mechanisms
and
qualities
spaces.
Here,
we
compare
effects
visual
stimuli
(360
degree
virtual
photos
environment,
forest,
park)
to
congruent
olfactory
(nature
city
odours)
auditory
(bird
songs
noise)
on
recovery.
Participants
(N
=
154)
were
pseudo-randomised
into
participating
one
three
environments
subsequently
exposed
(operationalised
by
skin
conductance
levels).
The
park
but
not
area,
provided
significant
reduction.
High
pleasantness
ratings
environment
linked
low
responses
for
some
extent
auditory,
stimuli.
This
result
indicates
that
may
be
better
at
facilitating
reduction
than
Currently,
planners
prioritise
when
planning
open
spaces,
should
also
consider
multisensory
qualities.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
6(3), P. e17009 - e17009
Published: March 14, 2011
Beaked
whales
have
mass
stranded
during
some
naval
sonar
exercises,
but
the
cause
is
unknown.
They
are
difficult
to
sight
can
reliably
be
detected
by
listening
for
echolocation
clicks
produced
deep
foraging
dives.
Listening
these
clicks,
we
documented
Blainville's
beaked
whales,
Mesoplodon
densirostris,
in
a
underwater
range
where
sonars
regular
use
near
Andros
Island,
Bahamas.
An
array
of
bottom-mounted
hydrophones
detect
when
they
click
anywhere
within
range.
We
used
two
complementary
methods
investigate
behavioral
responses
sonar:
an
opportunistic
approach
that
monitored
whale
multi-day
exercises
involving
tactical
mid-frequency
sonars,
and
experimental
using
playbacks
simulated
control
sounds
tagged
with
device
records
sound,
movement,
orientation.
Here
show
both
exposure
conditions
stopped
echolocating
dives
moved
away.
During
actual
were
primarily
periphery
range,
on
average
16
km
away
from
transmissions.
Once
exercise
stopped,
gradually
filled
center
over
2-3
days.
A
satellite
outside
exercise,
returning
days
post-exercise.
The
tags
measure
acoustic
reactions
one
controlled
each
military
sonar,
killer
calls,
band-limited
noise.
reacted
three
sound
at
pressure
levels
below
142
dB
re
1
µPa
stopping
followed
unusually
long
slow
ascents
their
combined
results
indicate
similar
disruption
behavior
avoidance
different
contexts,
exposures
well
those
regulators
define
disturbance.
The American Naturalist,
Journal Year:
2010,
Volume and Issue:
176(4), P. 465 - 475
Published: Aug. 16, 2010
In
cities
with
intense
low‐frequency
traffic
noise,
birds
have
been
observed
to
sing
louder
and
at
a
higher
pitch.
Several
studies
argue
that
song
pitch
is
an
adaptation
reduce
masking
from
it
has
even
suggested
the
divergence
between
urban
nonurban
songs
might
lead
reproductive
isolation.
Here
we
present
models
of
signal
transmission
compare
benefits
raised
amplitude
in
terms
sound
transmission.
We
chose
two
bird
species
areas,
great
tit
(Parus
major)
blackbird
(Turdus
merula).
For
both
species,
calculated
communication
distances
response
different
levels
noise
their
natural
forest
habitats.
found
increase
vocal
increased
distance
only
marginally.
contrast,
adjustments
had
strong
significantly
larger
effect.
Our
results
indicate
frequency
changes
are
not
very
effective
mitigating
noise.
Increased
be
but
physiological
side
effect
singing
high
amplitudes
or
epiphenomenon
urbanization
related
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
108(35), P. 14549 - 14554
Published: Aug. 19, 2011
Many
animal
species
communicate
with
their
mates
through
acoustic
signals,
but
this
communication
seems
to
become
a
struggle
in
urbanized
areas
because
of
increasing
anthropogenic
noise
levels.
Several
bird
have
been
reported
increase
song
frequency
by
which
they
reduce
the
masking
impact
spectrally
overlapping
noise.
However,
it
remains
unclear
whether
such
behavioral
flexibility
provides
sufficient
solution
noisy
urban
conditions
or
there
are
hidden
costs.
Species
may
rely
on
low
frequencies
attract
and
impress
females,
use
high
may,
therefore,
come
at
cost
reduced
attractiveness.
We
studied
potential
tradeoff
between
signal
strength
detection
successful
species,
great
tit
(
Parus
major).
show
that
low-frequency
songs
males
is
related
female
fertility
as
well
sexual
fidelity.
experimentally
impair
male–female
efficiency
depends
presence
Our
data
reveal
response
advantage
for
high-frequency
during
signaling
conditions,
whereas
likely
be
preferred.
These
critical
our
understanding
wild-ranging
birds,
provide
evidence
being
linked
reproductive
success
affected
noise-dependent
efficiency.