Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment

Nature, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 462(7274), P. 795 - 798

Published: Dec. 8, 2009

Language: Английский

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Climate change and freshwater ecosystems: impacts across multiple levels of organization

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 365(1549), P. 2093 - 2106

Published: May 31, 2010

Fresh waters are particularly vulnerable to climate change because (i) many species within these fragmented habitats have limited abilities disperse as the environment changes; (ii) water temperature and availability climate-dependent; (iii) systems already exposed numerous anthropogenic stressors. Most studies date focused on individuals or populations, rather than higher levels of organization (i.e. communities, food webs, ecosystems). We propose that an understanding connections between different levels, which all ultimately based individuals, can help develop a more coherent theoretical framework metabolic scaling, foraging theory ecological stoichiometry, predict consequences change. For instance, individual basal rate scales with body size (which also constrains web structure dynamics) determines ecosystem processes key aspects behaviour). In addition, increasing atmospheric CO 2 is predicted alter molar CNP ratios detrital inputs, could lead profound shifts in stoichiometry elemental fluxes consumers resources at base web. The components (e.g. temperature, hydrology composition) not only affect multiple biological organization, but they may interact other stressors fresh exposed, future research needs address potentially important synergies.

Language: Английский

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The application of ecological stoichiometry to plant–microbial–soil organic matter transformations

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 85(2), P. 133 - 155

Published: April 24, 2015

Elemental stoichiometry constitutes an inherent link between biogeochemistry and the structure processes within food webs, thus is at core of ecosystem functioning. Stoichiometry allows for spanning different levels biological organization, from cellular metabolism to nutrient cycling, therefore particularly useful establishing links compartments. We review elemental carbon : nitrogen phosphorus (C:N:P) ratios in terrestrial ecosystems (from vegetation, leaf litter, woody debris, dead roots, soil microbes organic matter). While plant, compartments well understood, heterotrophic microbial communities, which dominate web drive have received increasing interest recent years. This highlights effects resource on microorganisms decomposition, specifically function communities suggests several general patterns. First, latitudinal gradients litter are reflected community function. Second, may cause changes interactions dynamics that lead feedbacks availability. Third, global change alters C:N, C:P, N:P primary producers, with repercussions decomposer critical services such as fertility. argue ecological provides a framework analyze predict various scales.

Language: Английский

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Biological stoichiometry of plant production: metabolism, scaling and ecological response to global change

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 186(3), P. 593 - 608

Published: March 10, 2010

Biological stoichiometry theory considers the balance of multiple chemical elements in living systems, whereas metabolic scaling how size affects properties from cells to ecosystems. We review recent developments integrating biological and theories context plant ecology global change. Although vascular plants exhibit wide variation foliar carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus ratios, they a higher degree 'stoichiometric homeostasis' than previously appreciated. Thus, terrestrial will reflect effects adjustment local growth conditions as well species' replacements. Plant exhibits scaling, nutrient concentration decreases with increasing size, especially for phosphorus. small have lower nitrogen:phosphorus ratios. Furthermore, is reflected other tissues (root, reproductive, support), permitting development empirical models production that scale tissue whole-plant levels. large-scale macroecological patterns, including stronger latitudinal trends environmental correlations phosphorus (relative nitrogen) positive correlation between concentrations geographic range size. Given this emerging knowledge nutrients respond variables are connected change factors (such carbon dioxide, temperature, nitrogen deposition) can be better understood.

Language: Английский

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Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry and Ecological Theory

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 313 - 343

Published: Sept. 14, 2012

The net primary production of the biosphere is consumed largely by microorganisms, whose metabolism creates trophic base for detrital foodwebs, drives element cycles, and mediates atmospheric composition. Biogeochemical constraints on microbial catabolism, relative to production, create reserves organic carbon in soils sediments that exceed content atmosphere biomass. matter an intracellular process generates thousands compounds from a small number precursors drawn intermediary metabolism. Osmotrophs generate growth substrates products biosynthesis diagenesis enzyme-catalyzed reactions occur outside cells. These enzymes, which we define as ecoenzymes, enter environment secretion lysis. Enzyme expression regulated environmental signals, but once released cell, ecoenzymatic activity determined interactions, represented kinetic cascade, lead multiphasic kinetics large spatiotemporal variation. At ecosystem level, these interactions can be viewed energy landscape directs availability flow resources. Ecoenzymatic are integrated basis resource demand availability. Macroecological studies show most widely measured activities have similar stoichiometry all communities. connects elemental biomass nutrient assimilation growth. We present model combines enzyme community under conditions multiple limitation with elements metabolic ecological theory. This biogeochemical equilibrium provides framework comparative metabolism, principal driver cycles.

Language: Английский

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The impact of temperature on marine phytoplankton resource allocation and metabolism

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 979 - 984

Published: Sept. 6, 2013

Language: Английский

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Stoichiometric control of organic carbon–nitrate relationships from soils to the sea

Nature, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 464(7292), P. 1178 - 1181

Published: April 1, 2010

Language: Английский

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Differences in fungal and bacterial physiology alter soil carbon and nitrogen cycling: insights from meta‐analysis and theoretical models

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 887 - 894

Published: May 22, 2013

Abstract Since fungi and bacteria are the dominant decomposers in soil, their distinct physiologies likely to differentially influence rates of ecosystem carbon (C) nitrogen (N) cycling. We used meta‐analysis an enzyme‐driven biogeochemical model explore drivers consequences changes fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio (F : B). In our data set, F B increased with soil C N ( R 2 = 0.224, P < 0.001), a relationship predicted by model. found that differences biomass turnover influenced under conditions limitation, while stoichiometry set upper bounds on once nutrient limitation threshold was reached. Ecological interactions between two groups shifted along gradient resource stoichiometry. At intermediate substrate N, fungal mineralisation fuelled bacterial growth, increasing total microbial decreasing net mineralisation. Therefore, we conclude physiology may have large for ecosystem‐scale

Language: Английский

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A unifying explanation for diverse metabolic scaling in animals and plants

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 85(1), P. 111 - 138

Published: Nov. 6, 2009

The scaling of metabolic rate with body mass has long been a controversial topic. Some workers have claimed that the slope log‐log relationships typically obeys universal 3/4‐power law resulting from geometry resource‐transport networks. Others attempted to explain broad diversity relationships. Although several potentially useful models proposed, at present none successfully predicts entire range seen among both physiological states and taxonomic groups animals plants. Here I argue our understanding may be aided by three shifts in focus: explaining average tendencies variation between extreme boundary limits, elevation (metabolic level) separately showing how why they are interrelated, focusing primarily on internal factors (e.g. design) more balanced consideration external (ecological) factors. By incorporating all these focus, recently proposed metabolic‐level boundaries hypothesis appears provide way This correctly should vary mostly 2/3 1 it related (activity) level according an approximately U‐shaped function. It also implies other energy‐dependent biological processes organisms being examined. data presented support this implication, but further research is needed.

Language: Английский

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Stoichiometry of microbial carbon use efficiency in soils

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 86(2), P. 172 - 189

Published: May 1, 2016

Abstract The carbon use efficiency ( CUE ) of microbial communities partitions the flow C from primary producers to atmosphere, decomposer food webs, and soil stores. , usually defined as ratio growth assimilation, is a critical parameter in ecosystem models, but seldom measured directly soils because methodological difficulty measuring situ rates respiration. Alternatively, can be estimated indirectly elemental stoichiometry organic matter biomass, ratios nutrient‐acquiring ecoenzymatic activities. We used this approach estimate compare >2000 broad range ecosystems. Mean based on C:N was 0.269 ± 0.110 mean SD ). A parallel calculation C:P yielded 0.252 0.125. values frequency distributions were similar those aquatic ecosystems, also calculated stoichiometric direct measurements bacterial fungal related biomass with scaling exponent 0.304 (95% CI 0.237–0.371 inversely P −0.234 −0.289 −0.179 Relative specific turnover time increased 0.509 0.467–0.551). weakly annual temperature. declined increasing pH reaching minimum at 7.0, then again approached 9.0, pattern consistent trends : bacteria abundance growth. Structural equation models that geographic variables component showed strongest connections for paths linking latitude β‐glucosidase activity C:N:P ratios. integration metabolic provides quantitative description functional organization improve representation process simulation models.

Language: Английский

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