Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 71(16), P. 2997 - 3025

Published: Feb. 19, 2014

Language: Английский

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Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues: Distribution and functions

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 351(2), P. 152 - 166

Published: Jan. 10, 2012

Language: Английский

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A review of the molecular aspects of melatonin’s anti‐inflammatory actions: recent insights and new perspectives

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 1 - 14

Published: May 31, 2012

Melatonin is a highly evolutionary conserved endogenous molecule that mainly produced by the pineal gland, but also other nonendocrine organs, of most mammals including man. In recent years, variety anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been observed when melatonin applied exogenously under both in vivo vitro conditions. A number studies suggest this indole may exert its through regulation different molecular pathways. It has documented inhibits expression isoforms inducible nitric oxide synthase cyclooxygenase limits production excessive amounts oxide, prostanoids, leukotrienes, as well mediators inflammatory process such cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules. Melatonin's are related to modulation transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor, erythroid 2-related 2, others. on DNA-binding capacity be regulated inhibition protein kinases involved signal transduction, mitogen-activated kinases. This review summarizes research data focusing cell signaling pathways responsible for indole's activity. Although there numerous published reports analyzed melatonin's properties, further necessary elucidate complex regulatory mechanisms cellular types tissues.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin promotes water‐stress tolerance, lateral root formation, and seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 15 - 23

Published: May 31, 2012

A comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine the changes that occurred in water-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) response melatonin treatment. We examined potential roles of during seed germination and root generation measured its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthesis. Melatonin alleviated polyethylene glycol induced inhibition germination, with 100 μm melatonin-treated seeds showing greatest rate. stimulated vitality increased root:shoot ratio; therefore, may have an strengthening roots. treatment significantly reduced chlorophyll degradation. Seedlings treated clearly showed a higher photosynthetic rate, thus reversing water stress. Furthermore, ultrastructure chloroplasts leaves maintained after The levels activities ROS scavenging enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, were also by melatonin. These results suggest adverse effects stress can be minimized application

Language: Английский

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Melatonin: Exceeding Expectations

Physiology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 325 - 333

Published: Sept. 1, 2014

Melatonin is a small, highly conserved indole with numerous receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions. Receptor-dependent functions include circadian rhythm regulation, sleep, cancer inhibition. The actions relate to melatonin's ability function in the detoxification of free radicals, thereby protecting critical molecules from destructive effects oxidative stress under conditions ischemia/reperfusion injury (stroke, heart attack), ionizing radiation, drug toxicity, among others. has applications physiology medicine.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin, energy metabolism, and obesity: a review

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 371 - 381

Published: March 21, 2014

Abstract Melatonin is an old and ubiquitous molecule in nature showing multiple mechanisms of action functions practically every living organism. In mammals, pineal melatonin as a hormone chronobiotic, playing major role the regulation circadian temporal internal order. The anti‐obesogen weight‐reducing effects depend on several actions. Experimental evidence demonstrates that necessary for proper synthesis, secretion, insulin. acts by regulating GLUT 4 expression and/or triggering, via its G‐protein‐coupled membrane receptors, phosphorylation insulin receptor intracellular substrates mobilizing insulin‐signaling pathway. powerful chronobiotic being responsible, part, daily distribution metabolic processes so activity/feeding phase day associated with high sensitivity, rest/fasting synchronized to insulin‐resistant day. Furthermore, responsible establishment adequate energy balance mainly flow from stores directly expenditure through activation brown adipose tissue participating browning process white tissue. reduction production, during aging, shift‐work or illuminated environments night, induces resistance, glucose intolerance, sleep disturbance, disorganization characterizing state chronodisruption leading obesity. available supports suggestion replacement therapy might contribute restore more healthy

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria and chloroplasts as the original sites of melatonin synthesis: a hypothesis related to melatonin's primary function and evolution in eukaryotes

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 127 - 138

Published: Oct. 12, 2012

Abstract Mitochondria and chloroplasts are major sources of free radical generation in living organisms. Because this, these organelles require strong protection from radicals associated oxidative stress. Melatonin is a potent scavenger antioxidant. It meets the criteria as mitochondrial chloroplast Evidence has emerged to show that both mitochondria may have capacity synthesize metabolize melatonin. The activity arylalkylamine N ‐acetyltransferase ( AANAT ), reported rate‐limiting enzyme melatonin synthesis, been identified mitochondria, high levels also found this organelle. From an evolutionary point view, precursor probably purple nonsulfur bacterium, particularly, R hodospirillum rubrum, descendents cyanobacteria. These bacterial species were endosymbionts host proto‐eukaryotes gradually transformed into cellular organelles, is, chloroplasts, respectively, thereby giving rise eukaryotic cells. Of special importance, bacteria . rubrum ) cyanobacteria activities required for synthesis detected primitive species. our hypothesis original sites early stage endosymbiotic organisms; synthetic was carried eukaryotes by above‐mentioned bacteria. Moreover, their biosynthetic capacities preserved during evolution. In most, if not all cells, continue be primary generation. production other compartments derived chloroplasts. On basis hypothesis, it possible explain why plants typically higher than do animals. plants, likely melatonin, while animal cells contain only mitochondria. produced used protect important against stress preserve physiological functions. superior beneficial effects frequently reported.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant: one of evolution’s best ideas

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 74(21), P. 3863 - 3881

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and in preserving the fluidity of biological membranes: a review

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 225 - 237

Published: Feb. 26, 2014

Abstract Free radicals generated within subcellular compartments damage macromolecules which lead to severe structural changes and functional alterations of cellular organelles. A manifestation free radical injury biological membranes is the process lipid peroxidation, an autooxidative chain reaction in polyunsaturated fatty acids membrane are substrate. There considerable evidence that tends reduce fluidity. However, adequate levels fluidity essential for proper functioning membranes. Thus, there interest antioxidant molecules able stabilize because their protective effects against peroxidation. Melatonin indoleamine modulates a wide variety endocrine, neural immune functions. Over last two decades, intensive research has proven this molecule, as well its metabolites, possess substantial activity. In addition ability scavenge several reactive oxygen nitrogen species, melatonin increases activity glutathione redox enzymes, is, peroxidase reductase, other enzymes. These beneficial more significant small molecular size amphipathic behaviour, facilitates ease penetration into every compartment. present work, we review current information related maintaining attack, further, discuss implications ageing disease.

Language: Английский

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The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 103 - 120

Published: July 8, 2013

Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by pineal gland shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to humans great functional versatility. In recent years, considerable amount of experimental evidence has accumulated showing relationship between nervous, endocrine, immune systems. The molecular basis communication these systems use common chemical language. this framework, currently melatonin considered one members neuroendocrine-immunological network. A number in vivo vitro studies have documented that plays fundamental role neuroimmunomodulation. Based on information published, it clear majority present data literature relate lymphocytes; thus, they been rather thoroughly investigated, several reviews published related mechanisms action effects lymphocytes. However, few concerning cells belonging innate immunity reported. Innate provides early line defense against microbes consists cellular biochemical mechanisms. review, we focused immunity. More specifically, summarize different belong or participate immunity, such as monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast natural killer cells.

Language: Английский

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