Bias in assessment of co-occurring mental disorder in individuals with intellectual disabilities: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 393 - 414

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Influence from bias is unavoidable in clinical decision-making, and mental health assessment seems particularly vulnerable. Individuals with intellectual disabilities have increased risk of developing co-occurring disorder. Due to the inherent difficulties associated disabilities, this population often relies on a different set strategies, it unclear how these may affect bias. In theoretical paper, we apply recent conceptualisations decision-making specific challenges strategies disabilities. We suggest that assessments vulnerable bias, including sources present general population, as well potential which be population. It follows manage triangulating information multi-informant, multi-method, interdisciplinary likely necessary.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of anxiety symptomatology and diagnosis in syndromic intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 104719 - 104719

Published: June 2, 2022

Individuals with syndromic intellectual disability are at increased risk of experiencing anxiety. Comparing prevalence estimates anxiety will allow the identification at-risk groups and inform causal pathways No known study has explored symptomatology diagnosis, including specific profiles, across whilst accounting for methodological quality studies. This systematic review meta-analysis aimed to fill this gap. Prior completion, methodology analysis plans were registered documented in a protocol (CRD42019123561). Data from 83 papers, involving pooled sample 13,708 eight syndromes synthesised using random effects model. Anxiety ranged 9 % (95 CI: 4–14) Down syndrome 73% Rett 70–77). was higher than mixed aetiology general population estimates. Substantial variability between identified others. The high-risk is crucial early intervention, allowing us refine models identify divergent profiles.

Language: Английский

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“I am not a number!” Opinions and preferences of people with intellectual disability about genetic healthcare

European Journal of Human Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 1057 - 1065

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

There is limited research exploring the knowledge and experiences of genetic healthcare from perspective people with intellectual disability. This study, conducted in New South Wales (Australia), addresses this gap. Eighteen adults disability eight support were interviewed inclusive study. The transcribed interviews analysed using inductive content analysis. findings discussed a focus group ten three multi-stakeholder advisory workshops, contributing to validity trustworthiness findings. Five main themes emerged: (i) access services inequitable, several barriers informed consent process; (ii) opinions are variable, including frustration, exclusion fear; (iii) counselling diagnoses can be profoundly impactful, but translating diagnosis into tailored healthcare, appropriate support, peer connections reproductive planning faces barriers; (iv) have high incidence exposure trauma some reported that their associated further trauma; (v) recommendations for more respectful model healthcare. Co-designed point-of-care educational resources, accompanied by professional education providers, required improve equity appropriateness

Language: Английский

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People with intellectual disability and their risk of exposure to violence: Identification and prevention – a literature review

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

The aim of the literature review was to identify knowledge and gaps concerning risks violence toward children, youth, adults elderly with intellectual disabilities, how can be identified prevented. research revealed that youths labelled disabilities are more exposed than others target group lack about what it means violence. It also found professionals who work people may violence, those disabilities. There is thus a need further elaborate routines exposure create collaborative teams have in-depth group.

Language: Английский

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Virtual Reality Approaches to Trauma‐Based Mental Healthcare

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Chapter Fourteen Virtual Reality Approaches to Trauma-Based Mental Healthcare Gillian Rodriguez, RodriguezSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Jessica Stone, Jessica StoneSearch First published: 10 January 2025 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394278480.ch14 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookxLinkedInRedditWechat Summary As of 2020, millions Americans had been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Currently, the human capacity experience potentially traumatic events continues be tested: COVID-19 pandemic, sociopolitical unrest, and injustice in United States, mass violence events, natural disasters are only few examples global systemic events. Yet everyone who experiences trauma does not develop PTSD, those do, fraction ever receive care symptom management, resolution, healing. that integrate virtual reality (VR) technologies can have powerful roles healing both individuals communities. The use VR process used implement practice all five pillars trauma-informed care: safety, choice, collaboration, trustworthiness, empowerment. This chapter outlines implementation VR-based therapy treatment highlights innovative techniques rooted research also allow flexible clinical adaptation. REFERENCES American Psychiatric Association . ( 2022 ). Diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders 5th ed. text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 Google Scholar Collier , L. 2016 Growth after Monitor on Psychology 47 ), 48 https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/11/growth-trauma EMDR International (n.d.). Overview experiencing EMDRIA https://www.emdria.org/about-emdr-therapy/experiencing-emdr-therapy Foa E. Hembree A. Rothbaum B. O. & Rauch S. M. 2019 Prolonged exposure PTSD: Emotional processing experiences—Therapist guide 2nd Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.001.0001 10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.001.0001 Irvine K. 2017 XR: VR, AR, MR - What's difference? https://www.viget.com/articles/xrvr-ar-mr-whats-the-difference Leeds Madere J. Coy D. Beyond DES-II: Screening dissociative Journal Practice Research 16 25 – 38 https://doi.org/ 10.1891/EMDR-D-21-2021-00019 10.1891/EMDR?D?21?2021?00019 Marchi Travascio Uberti De Micheli Grenzi P. Arcolin Pingani Ferrari Galeazzi G. 2023 Post-traumatic among LGBTQ people: A systematic review meta-analysis Epidemiology Sciences 32 e44 10.1017/S2045796023000586 PubMedGoogle McNally Taggart Shevlin 2021 Trauma people an intellectual disability their implications: scoping Applied Intellectual Disabilities 34 927 949 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12872 10.1111/jar.12872 PubMedWeb Science®Google Roberts Gilman Breslau N. Koenen C. 2011 Race/ethnic differences development post-traumatic disorder, treatment-seeking States Psychological Medicine 41 1 71 83 10.1017/S0033291710000401 CASPubMedWeb Schnurr R. impact PTSD National Center www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/essentials/epidemiology.asp Watkins Sprang 2018 Treating evidence-based psychotherapy interventions Frontiers Behavioral Neuroscience 12 258 https://doi.org.https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00258 Williamson V. Murphy Phelps Forbes Greenberg Moral injury: effect health implications Lancet Psychiatry 8 6 453 455 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00113-9 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00113-9 Health Reality: Power Immersive Worlds ReferencesRelatedInformation

Language: Английский

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Experiences of Empathy‐Based Stress Among Care Staff Supporting Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities and/or Autism in Residential and Respite Services: A Qualitative Exploration

Health & Social Care in the Community, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: Care staff in the disability sector experience high levels of work‐related stress and burnout, which contribute to turnover limited residential service capacity affect both well‐being quality care provided. Little is currently known about impact that exposure secondary trauma has on staff, could put them at risk experiencing empathy‐based stress. This qualitative study aimed explore how experienced by supporting children adolescents with intellectual disabilities and/or autism respite services, factors they perceive as contributing towards or protecting from Methods: Twelve four different community‐based organisations Ireland (two two overnight respite) took part online semistructured interviews, were recorded transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was used analyse data. Results: Four themes identified, had three subthemes each: (i) Challenging Periods (exposure distress trauma, empathy feeling powerless), (ii) Organisational Factors (lack support management, training cohesion), (iii) Personal Resilience (awareness, focussing positives) (iv) Impact Empathy‐Based Stress (negative work affect, adverse health well‐being). Conclusion: Staff exposed user times initiated an process. A build‐up factors, individual contextual, led physical psychological outcomes negative affect. These findings have implications for policy practice within settings suggest interventions a personal organisational level adoption trauma‐informed approach may help reduce improve users.

Language: Английский

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Psychotic experiences and disorders in adolescents and young adults with borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disabilities: evidence from a population-based birth cohort in the United Kingdom

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Individuals with borderline intellectual functioning and disabilities (intellectual impairment) may be at increased risk of psychosis. However, studies have been limited by small selected samples. Moreover, the role early life trauma, a key factor for psychosis, in associations is unknown. Methods Using data from Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, we investigated between impairment, psychotic disorders, experiences, assessed mediating trauma childhood. impairment were identified using multisource measure utilizing indicators ALSPAC combined health administrative records. Psychotic disorder diagnoses extracted through linkage to primary care experiences ages 18 24 semi-structured Psychosis-Like Symptoms interview (PLIKSi). Trauma 5 11 was questionnaires interviews administered children parents multiple ages. Multiple imputation performed mitigate bias due missing data. Results The maximum sample after 9,407. We found disorders (OR = 4.57; 95%CI: 1.56–13.39). Evidence weaker case 1.63; 0.93–2.84). There some evidence suggesting 1.09; 1.03–1.15). Complete records analyses yielded comparable estimates. Conclusions Intellectual associated adulthood. Research into contribution could shape intervention strategies this population.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of a Group-Based Laughter Yoga Intervention on Mood, Anxiety and Loneliness in Adolescents with Mild Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Les blessures cachées

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(01), P. 38 - 46

Published: March 11, 2025

La maltraitance des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle constitue un véritable défi d’ordre social et psychologique. Cet article explore les conséquences psychologiques de cette violence interpersonnelle, dans le but mieux l’identifier d’élaborer stratégies prévention plus adaptées. Une meilleure compréhension ce phénomène, conduisant à la mise en œuvre d'évaluations précoces d'interventions spécialisées, pourrait atténuer effets dévastateurs maltraitance, fois répandue insidieuse. Cela contribuer garantir droit santé population vulnérable.

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An evaluation of an initiative to routinely ask about restrictive practices in a community learning disability service

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Purpose There is a high prevalence of individuals with intellectual disabilities experiencing restrictive practices in the community. A quality improvement initiative instructed clinicians community disability services to routinely ask about that were place for service users This paper aims summarise an audit, re-audit and evaluation this initiative. Design/methodology/approach An initial audit measured extent which asked practices. focus group then explored clinicians’ perceptions barriers having these conversations. Findings Clinicians presence 51% cases at time first 12% re-audit, although was from much larger sample size. Following finding, identified key barriers: fear initiating difficult conversations, ambiguity discerning least option, difficulties navigating legal frameworks during transition adult existing workload pressures. Practical implications highlighted how early discussions planning around are imperative smoother transitions into adulthood. To address recording such information, learning question has established area record on electronic patient record. Originality/value best authors’ knowledge, study addressing routine enquiries settings.

Language: Английский

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