Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(1)
Published: Dec. 14, 2023
Language: Английский
Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3)
Published: March 22, 2024
Fungal conservation is gaining momentum globally, but many challenges remain. To advance further, more data are needed on fungal diversity across space and time. Fundamental information regarding population sizes, trends, geographic ranges also critical to accurately assess the extinction risk of individual species. However, obtaining these particularly difficult for fungi due their immense diversity, complex problematic taxonomy, cryptic nature. This paper explores how citizen science (CS) projects can be lever-aged efforts. We present several examples past ongoing CS-based record monitor diversity. These include that part broad collecting schemes, those provide participants with targeted sampling methods, whereby collect environmental samples from which obtained. examine solutions such capture estimate species absences, broaden participation, improve curation, translate resulting into actionable measures. Finally, we close a call professional mycologists engage amateurs local communities, presenting framework determine whether given project would likely benefit participation by scientists.
Language: Английский
Citations
10
Arthropod-Plant Interactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 665 - 679
Published: Feb. 14, 2024
Abstract Citizen science is an increasingly powerful tool to gather large quantities of biological data and engage the public. The number citizen initiatives has rapidly increased in last 15 years. Invasive alien species such as harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), provide a particularly good opportunity for broad-scale use initiatives. parasitized by fungus, Hesperomyces harmoniae (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales), that can be found throughout range its host. Here we present Beetlehangers.org, website repository where combine observations He. from literature, online databases, initiatives, including new records both Ha. . Whereas now 86 countries across six continents (including seven country records), distribution parasite comprises 33 five two since description 2022). We explore spatiotemporal trends light these records. Finally, discuss challenges opportunities relation interactions future perspectives home Laboulbeniales research outreach.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
IMA Fungus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: March 20, 2024
Fungi are among the least known organisms on earth, with an estimated number of species between 1.5 and 10 million. This is expected to be refined, especially increasing knowledge about microfungi in undersampled habitats amounts data derived from environmental DNA sequencing. A significant proportion newly generated sequences fail match already named species, thus represent what has been referred as fungal "dark taxa". Due challenges associated observing, identifying, preserving sporophores, many macro- microfungal only a single collection, specimen, isolate, and/or sequence-a singleton. Mycologists consequently used working "rare" specimens. However, rarity singleton phenomena lack consideration valorization studies. In particular, practice publishing new names based specimen remains cause debate. Here, we provide some elements reflection this issue light specificities kingdom global change context. If multiple independent sources support existence taxon, encourage mycologists proceed formal description, irrespective specimens at hand. Although description singleton-based may not considered best practice, it does responsible science closing Linnean biodiversity shortfall.
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT Parasitic plants are a diverse and unique polyphyletic assemblage of flowering that survive by obtaining resources via direct vascular connections to host plant. Ecologically important in their native ecosystems, these typically cryptic remain understudied fundamental knowledge the biology, ecology, evolution most species is lacking. This gap limits our understanding ecosystems conservation management. We established multistep protocol conduct first investigation reproductive life history root parasite genus Balanophora , testing hypotheses perenniality, plasticity across five geographically isolated populations Taiwan. A review 123 publications found contradictory determinations, including no determination (87%), perennial (9%), annual (1%), biennial or combination (2%). No primary study investigated question, was accompanied reference. Between 2021 2024, we tested hypothesis perenniality (109 individuals, 135 patches) (73 samples), monitored population dynamics (whole population), potential for endophytic/dormant haustorial tissue (101 roots) fungosa ssp. Our results support semelparous annuality. After reproduction, individuals senesce die, following year's recruited from newly germinated which together develop size number during vegetative growth period, undergo then themselves die. Each cycle completed within 12‐month period. Synthesis: provides quantitative life‐history strategy any . progress toward better species—and parasitic general—as well as ecological roles further template future work expand plants.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Mycological Progress, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Lilloa, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 61 - 88
Published: April 1, 2025
This study analyzes the impact of iNaturalist on recording and documentation fungi in Chile from 2008 to 2024, highlighting its role integrating citizen science into biodiversity monitoring. community effort—which currently totals more than 63,000 observations representing 1,245 species—is concentrated central southern regions country, mainly urban areas, where a small group hyperprolific users generates 44.40% records. Since 2020, an increase number has been observed, which may be linked growing interest mycology. The use allows overcoming traditional logistical limitations, expanding taxonomic, spatial, temporal coverage fungal observations, but these advantages are not without biases. In addition, mycology faces structural challenges, such as funding training new specialists. Collaboration between amateurs professional mycologists is essential validate data extract potential this type tools. approach complements conventional methods studies strengthens conservation policies. Although proven effective tool, effort resources required address knowledge gaps biodiversity. reinforces source valuable potentially useful planetary crisis.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 11 - 22
Published: Sept. 30, 2024
Societal Impact Statement Biological samples and their associated information are an essential resource used by scientists, governments, policymakers, practitioners communities to ensure that biodiversity can be appropriately protected sustainably used. Yet, considering the enormous task of documenting vast numbers as‐yet‐unknown plant fungal species, greater international coordination for biological collecting recording is necessary, built on equitable practices standards. Here, we propose five commitments accelerate enhance scientific knowledge diversity, while increasing collaboration, benefit sharing efficiency. Summary Almost all life depends plants fungi, making diversity distribution—primarily derived from collections—fundamental national conservation, restoration sustainable use commitments. However, it estimated some 15% species over 90% have not yet been scientifically described, hampering our ability assess demonstrate impact efforts halt loss. In addition, organisations researchers around world lack a concerted strategy complementarity avoiding overlap in botanical mycological research, particularly relation collection specimens. We here present 2030 Declaration Scientific Plant Fungal Collecting, summarising commitment towards such necessary strategy. Its components were identified discussions during after series four workshops plenary at 2023 State World's Plants Fungi symposium convened Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, then consolidated into form authors. The was subsequently opened up endorsement signatories. Collectively, agree set cataloguing world's flora funga, designed maximise efficiency, facilitate exchange promote collaborations: (1) evidence‐based strategies; (2) strengthen local capacity; (3) collaborate across taxa disciplines; (4) collect future; (5) share benefits. This first step increased global regional efforts.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
IMA Fungus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: Nov. 11, 2024
Fungi are arguably the most diverse eukaryotic kingdom of organisms in terms number estimated species, trophic and life history strategies, their functions ecosystems. However, our knowledge fungi is limited due to a distributional bias; vast majority available data on have been compiled from non-tropical regions. Far less known about tropical regions, with bulk these being temporally surveys for fungal species diversity. Long-term studies (LTS), or repeated sampling same region over extended periods, necessary fully capture extent diversity region, but LTS regions almost non-existent. In this paper, we discuss contributions alpha diversity, ecological functional biogeography, hypothesis testing, conservation-with an emphasis ongoing Pakaraima Mountains Guyana. We show how refine understanding Fungi. also that public repositories such as NCBI, IUCN, iNaturalist contain information compared fungi, discrepancies more pronounced than plants animals.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
IMA Fungus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
Abstract Molecular studies of fungi within the order Laboulbeniales ( Ascomycota , Pezizomycotina ) have been hampered for years because their minute size, inability to grow in axenic culture, and lack reliable cost-efficient DNA extraction protocols. In particular, genus Laboulbenia is notorious low success with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. This attributed presence melanin, a molecule known inhibit PCR, cells. We evaluated efficacy standard single cell-based protocol by halving recommended amount reagents reduce cost per adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) during multiple displacement amplification step reverse effect melanin. A total 196 extractions were made, 111 which successful. found that used kit did not significantly affect probability successful extraction. Using halved reduces resource consumption. Moreover, there was no significant difference successfully extracting based on whether BSA added or not, suggesting melanin present cells thallus has major inhibitory PCR. generated 277 sequences from five loci, but internal transcribed spacer region, mitochondrial small subunit rDNA, protein-coding genes remains challenging. The also impacted specimen storage methods, material preserved > 95% ethanol yielding higher rates compared stored 70% dried material. emphasize importance proper preservation propose design Laboulbeniales-specific primers overcome problems primer mismatches contaminants. Our new insights apply only ; generally are understudied, vast majority species remain unsequenced. New approachable molecular developments will benefit study helping elucidate true diversity evolutionary relationships these peculiar microfungi.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Mycological Progress, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(12)
Published: Nov. 13, 2023
Abstract Laboulbeniales ( Ascomycota ) are an order of understudied, biotrophic microfungi uniquely associated with arthropods. More than 2300 species described but only a fraction those have been sequenced. Molecular studies shown that cryptic diversity and phenotypic plasticity present within the . Thus far, all 146 genera in based on morphological characteristics; features commonly used to delineate organization receptacle cells number perithecial outer wall cells. The genus Botryandromyces was erected accommodate two species, B. heteroceri ornatus (type), which share similar characteristics different from other their Here, we generated sequences multiple loci (18S, ITS, 28S) several Laboulbenia species. Our phylogenetic analyses retrieved high support. related upper (i.e., IV V). We propose transfer as L. mairei nom. nov., respectively, due complicated taxonomic history. These results advocate use molecular data necessity integrative taxonomy approach study not also investigate relationships among genera, higher taxa well understand evolution morphology this group fungi.
Language: Английский
Citations
3