Challenges in estimating species' age from phylogenetic trees DOI Creative Commons
Carlos Calderón del Cid, Torsten Hauffe, Juan D. Carrillo

et al.

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(10)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Aim Species age, the elapsed time since origination, can give insight into how species longevity might influence eco‐evolutionary dynamics, which has been hypothesized to extinction risk. Traditionally, species' ages have estimated from fossil records. However, numerous studies recently used branch lengths of time‐calibrated phylogenies as estimates extant species. This approach poses problems because phylogenetic trees only contain direct information about identity at tips and not along branches. Here, we show that incomplete taxon sampling, different assumptions speciation modes significantly alter relationship between true age lengths, leading high error rates. We found these biases lead erroneous interpretations patterns derived comparing other traits, such Innovation For bifurcating speciation, default assumption in most analyses propose a probabilistic based on properties birth–death process improve estimation ages. Our reduce by one order magnitude under cases percentage unsampled Main conclusion results call for caution interpreting this biased conclusions. that, obtain unbiased approximations combining with expectations process.

Language: Английский

Morphology and molecules revealed a remarkable new genus of Lamiaceae, a surprising discovery in south‐eastern Europe DOI Open Access
Boštjan Surina, Snežana Vuksanović, Snežana Dragičević

et al.

Taxon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Abstract Petrolamium crnojevicii gen. & sp. nov., a new distinct and remarkable monotypic genus of Lamiaceae, was discovered in the Dinaric karst southern Montenegro. This taxon exhibits unique combination morphological traits, including eglandular, mostly glabrous reniform leaves with 5–7 lobes prominent hydatodes at their tips. Its small pedicellate flowers feature included anthers styles within corolla tube, straight, narrow, emarginate to bifurcate posterior lip, an anterior lip entire, broadly elliptic‐oblong lateral lobes. The trigonous mericarps have truncated apex bear fatty tissue. Notably, has chromosome number 2 n = 32. A molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on 79 plastid protein‐coding genes 5 chloroplast markers placed subfamily Lamioideae, where it forms lineage, sister other members tribe Lamieae. is also from ecological point view, as exclusively inhabits floristically depauperate calcareous rock crevices very restricted distribution range. makes P. critically endangered species according IUCN criteria emphasizes need for immediate conservation efforts. study highlights importance ongoing floristic exploration, demonstrating that even regions long considered botanically well‐known, important discoveries can still emerge, extensively investigated plant families like Lamiaceae.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Older Lineages of Oribatid Mites in Mountain Ranges Have Broader Geographic Ranges and Exhibit More Generalistic Traits DOI Creative Commons
Xue Pan, Bastian Heimburger, Ting‐Wen Chen

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Understanding ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that drive biodiversity patterns is important for comprehending biodiversity. Despite being critically to the functioning of ecosystems, driving belowground are little understood. We investigated radiation trait diversity soil oribatid mites from two mountain ranges, is, Alps in Austria Changbai Mountain China, at similar latitude temperate zone differing formation processes (orogenesis) exposed different climates. collected sequenced forests 950–1700 m each embedded them into chronogram species Eurasia. phylogenetic age compared node with uplift time Mountain. then inspected trophic variation, geographical range size, reproductive mode, identified traits promote mite survival evolution montane forest ecosystems. found on phylogenetically older than Alps. All evolved long before Mountain, but some after orogenesis On more possess broader have larger sizes, often reproduce via parthenogenesis Species survived or colonized thereafter, supporting view generalistic old animal species. Collectively, our findings highlight combining phylogeny allow deeper insight forces shaping

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Applying Bergmann's Rule to Species Conservation Planning DOI Creative Commons
Qinfeng Guo, Hong Qian, Jian Zhang

et al.

Integrative Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Body size is often strongly linked to species abundance and range size. Although Bergman's rule, which relates body climate, has been extensively studied, the implications of this rule for conservation remain unclear. Climate warming may reduce habitat area some large‐bodied at higher latitudes or altitudes, where they need large ranges survive, also cause larger‐bodied shrink, as there no critical them in order preserve heat very cold conditions. Under such circumstances, Bergmann's offer insights regarding extinction, related other traits, generation time, especially that follow “rule.” Here, we explore potential applications conservation, using IUCN's (2022) Red List species' a reference. greater number larger birds mammals (endothermic species) are threatened, proportion smaller reptiles amphibians (ectothermic face endangerment. Threatened show stronger size–range relationships more restricted monotypic genera. We discuss how might be considered future long‐term planning within broad context climate change, human impacts, invasions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Previously unmeasured genetic diversity explains part of Lewontin's paradox in a k-mer-based meta-analysis of 112 plant species DOI Creative Commons
Miles Roberts, Emily B. Josephs

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 19, 2024

Abstract At the molecular level, most evolution is expected to be neutral. A key prediction of this expectation that level genetic diversity in a population should scale with size. However, as was noted by Richard Lewontin 1974 and reaffirmed later studies, slope size-diversity relationship nature much weaker than under neutral theory. We hypothesize one contributor paradox current methods relying on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called from aligning short reads reference genome underestimate levels many species. To test idea, we calculated ( π ) k -mer-based metrics across 112 plant species, amounting over 205 terabases DNA sequencing data 27,488 individual plants. then compared how these different correlated proxies size account for both range density variation found our scaled anywhere about 3 20 times faster -mer after adjusting evolutionary history, mating system, life cycle habit, cultivation status, invasiveness. The between also remains significant correcting size, whereas analogous does not. These results suggest not captured common SNP-based analyses explains part Lewontin’s Lay Summary Even revolutions ability sequence understand DNA, important biological questions remain unsolved. One such problem paradox, named who first described it 1974. core simple idea: species more individuals genetically diverse. reasoning means replication thus opportunities mutation create new variation. differ massively often have similar levels. has several potential, previously investigated mechanisms but what if simply measurements are off? Most studies estimate comparing sample genomes standard genome. While approach useful, impossible measure represented - phenomenon known bias. free reference-bias re-investigate Overall, find reference-free reference-biased approach. unlikely fully plays an role.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Challenges in estimating species' age from phylogenetic trees DOI Creative Commons
Carlos Calderón del Cid, Torsten Hauffe, Juan D. Carrillo

et al.

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(10)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Aim Species age, the elapsed time since origination, can give insight into how species longevity might influence eco‐evolutionary dynamics, which has been hypothesized to extinction risk. Traditionally, species' ages have estimated from fossil records. However, numerous studies recently used branch lengths of time‐calibrated phylogenies as estimates extant species. This approach poses problems because phylogenetic trees only contain direct information about identity at tips and not along branches. Here, we show that incomplete taxon sampling, different assumptions speciation modes significantly alter relationship between true age lengths, leading high error rates. We found these biases lead erroneous interpretations patterns derived comparing other traits, such Innovation For bifurcating speciation, default assumption in most analyses propose a probabilistic based on properties birth–death process improve estimation ages. Our reduce by one order magnitude under cases percentage unsampled Main conclusion results call for caution interpreting this biased conclusions. that, obtain unbiased approximations combining with expectations process.

Language: Английский

Citations

0