Are plant and animal sex chromosomes really all that different?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1850)

Published: March 21, 2022

Sex chromosomes in plants have often been contrasted with those animals the goal of identifying key differences that can be used to elucidate fundamental evolutionary properties. For example, homomorphic sex compared highly divergent systems some animal model systems, such as birds, Drosophila and therian mammals, many hypotheses offered explain apparent dissimilarities, including younger age plant chromosomes, lesser prevalence sexual dimorphism, or greater extent haploid selection. Furthermore, lack complete chromosome dosage compensation observed animals, Drosophila, poeciliids, Anolis , compensation, where it exists, appears incomplete. Even canonical theoretical models formation differ somewhat between animals. However, groups are actually exception, not norm, clades far more similar their patterns. This begs question how different which unique properties would expected affect evolution differently than animals? In fact, exhibit similarities differences, is at all clear they terms conflict, even degree divergence. Overall, largest difference these two potential for selection may act accelerate expansion non-recombining region same time maintains gene function within it. article part theme issue ‘Sex determination land plants’.

Language: Английский

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Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algae, less is known about dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression between female floral buds flowers at anthesis Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). buds, gene was pervasive, had significantly different roles dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly associated functions abiotic stress immune responses, suggesting that high are adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns driving plants.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of a Cytoplasmic Determinant: Evidence for the Biochemical Basis of Functional Evolution of the Novel Germ Line Regulator Oskar

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 38(12), P. 5491 - 5513

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Abstracts Germ line specification is essential in sexually reproducing organisms. Despite their critical role, the evolutionary history of genes that specify animal germ cells heterogeneous and dynamic. In many insects, gene oskar required for line. However, role thought to be a derived resulting from co-option an ancestral somatic role. To address how changes protein sequence could have led function Oskar enabled it regulate specification, we searched orthologs 1,565 publicly available insect genomic transcriptomic data sets. The earliest-diverging lineage which identified ortholog was order Zygentoma (silverfish firebrats), suggesting originated before origin winged insects. We noted some order-specific trends evolution, including whole duplications, clade-specific losses, rapid divergence. An alignment all known 379 sequences revealed new highly conserved residues as candidates promote dimerization LOTUS domain. Moreover, regions OSK domain with predicted RNA binding potential. Furthermore, show despite low overall amino acid conservation, shows higher conservation secondary structure than Finally, suggest key acids may involved previously reported Oskar−Vasa physical interaction its

Language: Английский

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Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algae, less is known about dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression between female floral buds flowers at anthesis Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). buds, gene was pervasive, had significantly different roles dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly associated functions abiotic stress immune responses, suggesting that high are adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns driving plants.

Language: Английский

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Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algae, less is known about dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression between female floral buds flowers at anthesis Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). buds, gene was pervasive, had significantly different roles dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly associated functions abiotic stress immune responses, suggesting that high are adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns driving plants.

Language: Английский

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Sensitivity of transcriptomics: Different samples and methodology alter conclusions in Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli)

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Abstract Transcriptome analysis has become a central tool in evolutionary and functional genomics. However, variation among biological samples techniques can greatly influence results, potentially compromising insights into the phenomenon under study. Here, we evaluate differences brain transcriptome between female male Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli). We perform comparisons results from entire pipelines for assembly, quantification, analysis. also offer unique comparison two sampling instances (Redfish Bay: n = 15, Port Lavaca: 7). Our demonstrate crucial shortcomings with current experimental approaches. found high within our that was driven by both technical samples. In of highly expressed genes, choice methods influenced degree contamination or noise included identified genes. Notably, genes same pipeline were more similar than any other comparison. differential expression revealed methodology location quantity consistency statistically significant transcripts. context these modifications to practices may increase robustness transcriptome-based conclusions. particular, use reference-guided assembly an sample sizes are likely improve resistance error.

Language: Английский

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Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 23, 2023

Abstract Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algae, less is known about dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression between female floral buds flowers at anthesis Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). buds, gene was pervasive, had significantly different roles dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly associated functions abiotic stress immune responses, suggesting that high are adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns driving plants.

Language: Английский

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Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driving by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algas, less is known about them dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression gene between female flower buds mature flowers Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). floral buds, was pervasive, had significantly different roles on dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly related abiotic biotic stress, suggesting that high are driven adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns plants.

Language: Английский

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Gene protein sequence evolution can predict the rapid divergence of ovariole numbers inDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Abstract Ovaries play key roles in fitness and evolution: they are essential female reproductive structures that develop house the eggs sexually reproducing animals. In Drosophila , mature ovary contains multiple tubular egg-producing known as ovarioles. Ovarioles arise from somatic cellular larval called terminal filaments, formed by filament cells subsequently enclosed sheath cells. As many other insects, ovariole number per varies extensively . At present however, there is a striking gap of information on genetic mechanisms evolutionary forces shape well-documented rapid interspecies divergence numbers. To address this gap, here we studied genes associated with D. melanogaster or functions based recent experimental transcriptional datasets ovaries, including filaments cells, rigorously assessed their rates patterns molecular evolution five closely related species subgroup exhibit species-specific differences numbers have annotated genomes. From comprehensive analyses protein sequence (dN/dS), branch-site positive selection, expression specificity ( tau ) phylogenetic regressions (PGLS), report evidence 42 showed signs playing basis change number. These included signalling upd2 Ilp5 extracellular matrix vkg Col4a1 Together, propose model whereby set ovariole-involved gene proteins an enhanced evolvability, adaptive evolution, facilitating shifts among species.

Language: Английский

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Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying in animals. Although rapid sequence sex-biased forces have been investigated animals brown algae, less is known about dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared expression between female floral buds flowers at anthesis Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). buds, gene was pervasive, had significantly different roles dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher for male-biased to female-biased unbiased genes. Male-biased under were mainly associated functions abiotic stress immune responses, suggesting that high are adaptive evolution. Additionally, may contribute accelerated generated duplication. Our findings, first time angiosperms, suggest evident advance our understanding patterns driving plants.

Language: Английский

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