The intersection between alcohol-related liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 764 - 783

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 1436 - 1436

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

The influence of gut microbiome, metabolites, omics, hormones, and stress on general mental health is increasingly being recognized. Ancient cultures recognized the importance diet overall an individual. Western science modern scientific methods are beginning to unravel foundations mechanisms behind some ancient beliefs customs. organ itself, now thought almost all other organs, ranging from brain reproductive systems. Gut biological sex also a myriad conditions that range disorders, obesity, gastrointestinal cardiovascular diseases health. Here, we review history current understanding gut-brain axis bidirectional talk in various disorders with special emphasis anxiety depressive whose prevalence has increased by over 50% past three decades COVID-19 pandemic biggest risk factor last few years. vagal nerve important contributor this talk, but pathways contribute, most remain understudied. Probiotics containing

Language: Английский

---

Good girl goes bad: Understanding how gut commensals cause disease

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 106617 - 106617

Published: March 16, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Tributyrin Supplementation Rescues Chronic–Binge Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Gut–Lung Axis in Mice

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 472 - 472

Published: April 17, 2024

Excessive alcohol consumption increases the severity and worsens outcomes of pulmonary infections, often due to oxidative stress tissue damage. While mechanism behind this relationship is multifaceted, recent evidence suggests ethanol-induced changes gut microbiome impact gut–lung axis. To assess this, a chronic–binge ethanol feeding mouse model was used determine how altered microbiome, small intestinal epithelial barrier, immune responses, as well neutrophil abundance in lungs, supporting health with tributyrin supplementation during exposure affected these responses. We found that bacterial taxa metabolic processes, distorted induced both bacteria endotoxin translocation into lymphatic circulatory systems. These were associated increased (Ly6G) presence markers stress, lipocalin-2 myeloperoxidase, lungs. Importantly, rescued function (p < 0.05), barrier integrity, reducing Ly6G mRNA 0.05) 0.01) data suggest ethanol-associated disruption homeostasis influenced therapeutics may also support lung health.

Language: Английский

---

Weizmannia coagulans BC99 Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function by Modulating Butyrate Formation to Alleviate Acute Alcohol Intoxication in Rats

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 4142 - 4142

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Probiotics have great potential in improving acute alcohol intoxication. The aim of this study was to investigate the mitigating effect and mechanism action

Language: Английский

---

Gut cannabinoid receptor 1 regulates alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability

eGastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. e100173 - e100173

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Background Endocannabinoids acting via cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) can elicit increased intestinal permeability (a condition also called ‘leaky gut’). Alcohol binge adversely affect digestive functions, including permeability; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The current study aimed at examining whether CB1R is involved in alcohol binge-induced permeability. Methods We developed epithelial-specific knockout (CB1 IEC−/− ) mice and evaluated vivo contribution of gut Results anandamide levels proximal small intestine association with Radioligand binding functional assays confirmed that genetic deletion epithelial did not alter density or functionality brain. Additionally, a peripheral antagonist, ( S )-MRI-1891 (INV-202/monlunabant), exhibited comparable affinity to brain homogenates. An acute oral administration (3 mg/kg) reduced littermate control CB1 f/f floxed/floxed) but had no effect mice, underscoring role this phenomenon. Mechanistically, we found activated CB1R-ERK1/2 pathway subsequent downregulation tight junction proteins reduction villi length. In addition, targeting downstream ERK1/2 was able reverse process, upregulation length, thus improving barrier function. Despite effects on permeability, significantly metabolic parameters liver disease. Conclusion Our findings suggest promotes leaky activation demonstrate inhibition peripheral-restricted selective antagonists prevent

Language: Английский

---

Associations of alcohol with the human gut microbiome and prospective health outcomes in the FINRISK 2002 cohort

European Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 64(4)

Published: April 11, 2025

Abstract Background and aims Alcohol remains a global risk factor for non-communicable diseases with the gut microbiome emerging as novel elucidator. We investigated how associates alcohol on population level, if there is mediation reflected in health outcomes, functional potential related. Methods Our sample consisted of 4575 shallow-shotgun sequenced fecal samples from FINRISK 2002 cohort (25-74yrs., 52.5% women). (g 100% alcohol/week) use was self-reported. Diversity differential species abundances were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Compositional differences PERMANOVA, prospective associations Cox-regression. Connections between alcohol, microbiome, inflammatory markers, outcomes assessed serial mediation. Functional KEGG-orthologies Results High-risk consumers had significantly lower bacterial diversity when compared to low-risk (mean±SD:4.04±0.41 vs. 4.11±0.43, p = 9.56 × 10 − 4 ). also associated significant shifts overall composition (PERMANOVA; ≤ 1.00 ) 344 (ANCOM-BC2; q 0.05). These characterized by an increase relative Gram-negative bacteria, top genera which Bacteroides Prevotella , decrease putatively beneficial such Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium Akkermansia . Prospective all-cause mortality (HR:1.12 [1.02—1.23]), liver disease (HR:1.53 [1.22—1.92]) observed. The association mediating link via proinflammatory beta-diversity principal coordinate (OR:1.04 [1.001—1.10]). observed 1643 KO-groups (q < 0.05, n positive =431, negative =1212). Antioxidative integrity maintaining functions diminished lipopolysaccharide synthesis enriched. Conclusions community-level towards enriched levels bacteria. profile that mediates alcohol’s effect incident risk, possibly increased proliferation endotoxins through epithelial lining.

Language: Английский

---

Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) produces lasting, sex-specific changes in rat body fat independent of changes in white blood cell composition

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Early initiation of alcohol use during adolescence, and adolescent binge drinking are risk factors for the development disorder later in life. Adolescence is a time rapid sex-dependent neural, physiological, behavioral changes as well period heightened vulnerability to many effects alcohol. The goal present studies was determine age-related blood (leukocyte populations) body composition across adolescence early adulthood, investigate whether intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure would alter trajectory on these broad physiological parameters. We observed significant ontogenetic leukocyte populations that were mirrored by an increase cytokine expression among mixed circulating leukocytes. Despite developmental changes, AIE did not significantly overall numbers or gene expression. However, led sex-specific fat mass percentage, with AIE-exposed male rats showing decreased levels female increased relative controls. These suggest while may levels, more complex phenotypic could underlie previously reported differences Coupled long-term shifts adipocyte this have long-lasting innate immunity capacity individuals respond immunological threats.

Language: Английский

---

Alcoholic Liver Disease in China: A Disease Influenced by Complex Social Factors That Should Not Be Neglected

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 000(000), P. 000 - 000

Published: May 31, 2024

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses damage caused by chronic, excessive alcohol consumption. It manifests initially as marked hepatocellular steatosis and can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis. With China's rapid economic growth, coupled with a complex social background the influence of deleterious wine culture, number patients ALD in China has increased significantly; become health problem that cannot be ignored. In this review, we briefly described factors affecting elaborated on differences between alcoholic other diseases terms complications (e.g., cirrhosis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, carcinoma, addiction, extrahepatic diseases). We also emphasized was more dangerous difficult treat than due its complications, precise effective treatment measures were lacking. addition, considered new ideas methods may generated future.

Language: Английский

---

Alcohol Use Disorder and the Gut–Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of the Role of Gut Microbiota and Implications for Treatment

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 67 - 67

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to deleterious physical social consequences. Recent research has highlighted not only the effect alcohol on gut microbiome, but also role microbiome gut-brain axis in development maintenance disorder. This review provides an overview reciprocal relationship between consumption including effects microbial composition, changes metabolites response consumption, how may modulate behavior. We discuss gut-mediated mechanisms neuroinflammation that contribute result from AUD, disruption intestinal barrier, toll-like receptor signaling, activation glial cells immune cells. Finally, we current evidence microbial-directed therapies for AUD implications this our understanding pathophysiology future directions.

Language: Английский

---