A highly resolved nuclear phylogeny uncovers strong phylogenetic conservatism and correlated evolution of fruit color and size in Solanum L.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 243(2), P. 765 - 780

Published: May 27, 2024

Summary Mutualisms between plants and fruit‐eating animals were key to the radiation of angiosperms. Still, phylogenetic uncertainties limit our understanding fleshy‐fruit evolution, as in case Solanum , a genus with remarkable diversity, but unresolved relationships. We used 1786 nuclear genes from 247 species, including 122 newly generated transcriptomes/genomes, reconstruct phylogeny examine tempo mode evolution fruit color size. Our analysis resolved backbone providing high support for its clades. results pushed back origin 53.1 million years ago (Ma), most major clades diverging 35 27 Ma. Evolution size revealed levels trait conservatism, where medium‐sized berries that remain green when ripe are likely ancestral form. analyses evolutionary correlated, dull‐colored fruits two times larger than black/purple red fruits. conclude strong conservatism shown could influences on evolution. findings highlight importance constraints diversification functional traits.

Language: Английский

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Developmental Mechanisms of Fruit Diversification in Angiosperms and the Evolutionary Implications

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

The evolutionary origin of fruits played a pivotal role in promoting the dominance angiosperms on Earth as protect and nourish seeds facilitate their dispersal through diverse mechanisms. Understanding molecular networks underlying fruit development is prerequisite for elucidating mechanisms shaping diversification, particularly improving crop yield quality response to rapid climate change modern agricultural systems. In this article, we offer comprehensive analysis classification, emphasising intrinsic characteristics adaptive strategies specific environments. Based studies model systems such Arabidopsis thaliana Solanum lycopersicum, highlight recent advances identifying novel components involved development. We further discuss that contribute diversification context well-established phylogenetic frameworks, with examples from Brassicaceae Solanaceae families. A comparison between indicates key module largely conserved evolution. propose future research integrates multidisciplinary evidence could help better understand which ultimately practice.

Language: Английский

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The origin and morphological character evolution of the paleotropical woody bamboos

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66(10), P. 2242 - 2261

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

ABSTRACT The woody bamboos (Bambusoideae) exhibit distinctive biological traits within Poaceae, such as highly lignified culms, rapid shoot growth, monocarpic mass flowering and nutlike or fleshy caryopses. Much of the remarkable morphological diversity across subfamily exists a single hexaploid clade, paleotropical (PWB), making it ideal to investigate factors underlying evolution in bamboos. However, origin biogeographical history PWB remain elusive, does effect environmental on their characters. We generated robust time‐calibrated phylogeny using nucleotide polymorphisms retrieved from optimized double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing, explored evolutionary trends habit, inflorescence, caryopsis type relation including climate, soil, topography. inferred that started diversify Oligocene–Miocene boundary formed four major clades, is, Melocanninae, Racemobambosinae s.l. (comprising Dinochloinae, Greslanlinae, s.str. Temburongiinae), Hickeliinae Bambusinae plus Holttumochloinae). ancestor was reconstructed having erect indeterminate inflorescence basic caryopsis. characters climbing/scrambling determinate nucoid/bacoid have since undergone multiple changes reversals during diversification PWB. all three correlated with, hence likely influenced by, aspects topography, with climate most strongly traits, soil least so. topography had more influence than whereas both greater bacoid did soil. Our results provide novel insights into adaptive for future ecological research.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Hormonal and Molecular Mechanisms Shaping Fruit Morphology in Plants

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 974 - 974

Published: March 20, 2025

The importance of fruit shape studies extends beyond fundamental plant biology, as it holds significant implications for breeding. Understanding the genetic and hormonal regulation morphology can facilitate targeted breeding strategies to enhance yield, quality, stress resistance, ultimately contributing sustainable farming nutrition security. diversity in shapes is result complex hormone molecular pathways that affect key traits, including carpel number, length, weight. Fruit a quality attribute directly influences consumer preference, marketability ease post-harvest processing. This article focuses on investigations carried out molecular, mechanisms shape, color, maturation plants such CLV-WUS OVATE, well their roles shaping non-climacteric fruits strawberries, grapes raspberries. Plant hormones, especially abscisic acid (ABA) indole-3-acetic (IAA), play crucial role enhancing desirable traits color taste, while regulating anthocyanin synthesis growth time. In addition, dynamic interactions between auxin, gibberellin, ethylene are ripening process. Jasmonate enhances response, brassinosteroids promote cytokinins early development. this review also studied species tomatoes cucumbers, emphasizing pathway, which regulates number carpels through genes WUSCHEL (WUS), FRUITFULL1 (FUL1), auxin response factor 14 (ARF14). weight fresh affected by microRNAs miRNA156, emphasizes post transcriptional regulation. involvement transcription factors SISHN1, CaOvate, CISUN25-26-27a further complexity these regulatory our understanding development have profound impact agricultural practices crop improvement aimed at meeting growing global demand high-quality products.

Language: Английский

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Developmental innovation of inferior ovaries and flower sex orchestrated by KNOX1 in cucurbits

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Genetic variation in a tandemly duplicated TPS gene cluster contributes to the diversity of aroma in lychee fruit

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Fruits undergo a similar ripening process, yet they exhibit range of differences in color, taste, and shape, both across different species within the same species. How does this diversity arise? We uncovered conserved fruit process lychee which NAC transcription factor, LcNAC1, acts as master regulator. LcNAC1 regulates expression two terpene synthase genes, LcTPSa1 LcTPSa2, belong to gene cluster consisting four TPS genes. LcTPSa1-LcTPSa3 are responsible for catalyzing production farnesol, turn dictates aromatic varieties. Through comparative, transcriptomic, genomic analyses various varieties, we found these genes distinct levels due natural genetic variation. These include copy number variations, presence/absence insertions deletions, single nucleotide polymorphisms, many affect binding affinity LcNAC1. A mutation caused premature translational termination, resulting truncated version protein, surprisingly remains functional. All changes LcNAC1-regulated likely contribute great observed fruit. This diversification aroma varieties offers compelling example how species- or variety-specific traits evolve - phenotypic is primarily derived from variation accumulated downstream structural an evolutionarily regulatory circuit.

Language: Английский

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Chromatic symphony of fleshy fruits: functions, biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of bioactive compounds

Molecular Horticulture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

Fleshy fruits are popular among consumers due to their significant nutritional value, which includes essential bioactive compounds such as pigments, vitamins, and minerals. Notably, plant-derived pigments generally considered safe reliable, helping protect humans against various inflammatory diseases. Although the phytochemical diversity biological activities have been extensively reviewed summarized, status of nutrients in fleshy fruits, particularly with a focusing on different colors, has received less attention. Therefore, this review introduces five common types based coloration summarizes major compounds. It also provides latest advancements function, biosynthesis, metabolic engineering pigments. In review, we emphasize that promoting consumption diverse array colorful can contribute balanced diet; however, optimal intake levels still require further clinical validation. This may serve useful guide for decisions enhance understanding natural accelerate application agriculture medicine.

Language: Английский

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A reversal to hypogyny in Campanula alpina and its impact on capsule dehiscence: evidence from morpho-anatomy of the fruiting ovary

Studia Biologica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 233 - 250

Published: June 1, 2024

Introduction. Campanula alpina is a perennial herbaceous bellflower grown in the Eastern Alps, Carpathians, and Balkans. Fruit species opens by hippocrepiform slits fruit wall, which are formed axicorns, elongated structures inside ovary composed of lignified parenchyma cells. Our objectives were to reveal structure dehiscence mode C. compare it with latifolia, type genus Campanula. Materials methods. Flowers fruits at different stages morphogenesis subsp. examined. Plant materials sampled two plots Chornohora massif Ukrainian Carpathians. Results. Contrary other species, only basal part fused calyx forming flattened base. The placentation axile, wall septas parenchymatous, axicorns lignified. Dehiscence hanged proceeds curving outside drying. In dehiscent capsule viewed from above, hollow openings horizontal base exposed, curved attached crumpled fragments visible ovary. Discussion. through septifragal like latifolia. main differences that mostly superior, located on base, valves together curve semi-inferior or nearly superior insertion could be traced illustrations digital databases researches for some taxa section Medium. No issues have been made evolution position Campanuleae, since inferior was referred this tribe before present article. functional implications shifts result selection pollination mechanism, dissemination mode. Conclusions. peculiarity during dehiscence. It expected deviation will confirmed related pendent fruits. argumentation about secondary hypogyny has proposed so far.

Language: Английский

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Gene Duplication and Functional Diversification of MADS-Box Genes in Malus × domestica following WGD: Implications for Fruit Type and Floral Organ Evolution

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 8962 - 8962

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

The evolution of the MADS-box gene family is essential for rapid differentiation floral organs and fruit types in angiosperms. Two key processes drive families: duplication functional differentiation. Duplicated copies provide material variation, while advantageous mutations can confer new functions on copies. In this study, we selected Rosaceae family, which includes a variety flower organs, as well species that existed before after whole-genome (WGD). results indicate different are associated with duplications WGD events. While most derived from have been lost, genes not only retain but also undergo further duplication. sequences, protein structures, expression patterns these undergone significant This work provides clear example context differentiation, offering insights into organs.

Language: Английский

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Estratégias didáticas em aulas de botânica utilizando a coleção de frutos

Revista Caribeña de Ciencias Sociales, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. e4357 - e4357

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Abordar conteúdos sobre frutos nos espaços escolares e aproveitar os não formais se faz necessário como uma alternativa eficiente para dinamizar as aulas de botânica. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar a carpoteca um recurso didático ensino ciências biologia destacar espaço conhecimento da diversidade espécies vegetais por meio dos tipos mecanismos dispersão. Na Base Nacional Comum Curricular fica expressa importância área Ciências Natureza desenvolvimento letramento científico com base no aporte teórico processual das ciências. Dessa forma, coleções botânicas caracterizam valiosa estratégia desenvolver conceitos partir manipulação plantas, tornando aprendizagem mais envolvente instigante vários níveis ensino. A vista disso, carpotecas evidenciam biodiversidade, devido aos distintos formatos, tamanhos, texturas cores frutos. Isso pode ser confirmado em alguns trabalhos que uso tem proporcionado melhor assimilação construção conhecimento. mostra-se também importante pessoas deficiência visual, pois esses alunos podem alcançar tato. Cabe ressaltar processo aprendizagem, quando realizado fora sala aula, torna-se prazeroso, contribuindo repertório intelectual aluno. Assim, adotar é essencial superar dificuldades ensino-aprendizagem.

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