Disparate and parallel craniofacial climatic adaptations in native populations of Asia, North America, and South America

Journal of Anatomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 245(5), P. 699 - 724

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Abstract Understanding the impact that climate had in shaping cranial variation is critical for inferring evolutionary mechanisms played a role human diversification. Here, we provide comprehensive study aiming to analyze association between and of high latitude populations living temperate cold environments Asia, North America, South America. For this, compiled large morphometric dataset ( N = 2633), which was combined with climatic genomic data. We tested influence on facial skeleton, nasal protrusion, vault through multiple statistical tests at two geographical scales: intracontinental intercontinental. show areas share morphological pattern characterized by an increase height, orbital heights widths, decrease larger, longer, lower vaults. There are also distinctive features; from north Asia present tallest noses, largest faces, vaults whole sample. Nasal breadth dimensions small values Asians, Americans, non‐significant changes arctic The may be result parallel adaptation, as supported physiological, morphometric, ecological, genetic explanations, while differences magnitude phenotypic expression could due diverse population histories, severity climate, cultural strategies. Overall, our shows relevant factor modern morphology it should considered when studying evolution

Language: Английский

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Population-Specific Anatomical Variations in Premolar Root Canal Systems: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Jamaican and Portuguese Subpopulations

Dentistry Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 50 - 50

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background/Objectives: The morphology of roots and root canals has a significant influence on the outcome endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare premolar canal configurations between Central American European subpopulations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: cross-sectional retrospective analyzed CBCT scans 2919 premolars from 561 patients: 197 Jamaica (Central America) 364 Portugal (Europe). analysis focused number roots, configurations, presence C-shaped in mandibular premolars. Demographic factors such as age sex were also considered. Statistical significance was determined chi-square tests with level set at p < 0.05. Results: Overall, Jamaican patients had more compared those Portuguese patients. Three-rooted common Jamaica, particularly maxillary first (5.5% vs. 2.9%, 0.05). Vertucci Type V configuration prevalent subgroup, while likely exhibit Types II IV configurations. rare both populations (p > Males younger showed higher frequencies multi-root multi-canal Conclusions: reveals geographic demographic differences two subpopulations. Premolars tend complex anatomical features Portugal. These findings highlight need for population-specific diagnostic treatment strategies demonstrate value preoperative diagnosis variations.

Language: Английский

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Limited Applicability of Neoclassical Facial Canons in Tibetan Youth: 2D Photogrammetry Evaluation

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Neoclassical facial proportion canons have long served as benchmarks for defining beauty across diverse populations. However, their applicability varies significantly among ethnic groups. This study critically evaluates the validity of these young Tibetan adults in China, with a particular focus on vertical and horizontal proportions. A total 455 students (136 men 319 women) between ages 18 25 years enrolled at Tibet University participated study. Standardized frontal lateral photographs were obtained analysis. Most neoclassical demonstrated limited to population, none fully adhered 3-section canon. The lower canon was identified 1.5% 1.3% women. naso-orbital observed 11.8% 34.9% women, naso-oral 0% 2.2% naso-facial 0.7% 3.8% Significant sex differences ( P < 0.05). Overall, upper third exceeded middle thirds, while intercanthal distance surpassed eye fissure length majority subjects. are largely inapplicable particularly context cosmetic or surgical planning. Despite demonstrating slightly higher overall remains low. distinct features population necessitate development population-specific aesthetic standards, providing valuable insights into unique morphology.

Language: Английский

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High‐Altitude Adaptations in Cranial and Facial Morphology Among the Native Populations of Qinghai and Pamir and Tian Shan Mountains

American Journal of Human Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Objectives This study investigates the ecogeographic trends in morphology of cranial and facial skeleton high‐ mid‐altitude mountainous populations Central Asia China tests them against morphological features related low‐altitude same regions. Methods Data on 32 dimensions (9 cranium 23 skeleton) was collected a sample 289 skulls (171 male, 118 female) from 4 (236 individuals) 3 regions (61 individuals). Results The two‐way partial least square ( PLS ) analysis revealed moderate level correlation between climatic conditions samples employed, with displaying smaller dimensions, specifically height, than an increase relative width nasal aperture cavity for some groups various degrees correlation. Discussion Our results indicate decrease size Asia, but not China, which could be attributed both to negative influence high‐altitude environments socioeconomical influences. linked need increased oxygen uptake low‐pressure environment high altitudes.

Language: Английский

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