Anatomical variations in hearing and sound production in amniotes

Journal of Anatomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Vertebrates use their senses to interact with environments through a diverse array of behaviours that are underpinned by an equally expansive suite adaptive features, which redeploy evolutionarily ancient sensory cell types (Schlosser, 2018). In this special issue the Journal Anatomy, our authors present novel data on some remarkable features birds, mammals and reptiles. This collection studies captures aerial, terrestrial aquatic capabilities, across both extant extinct taxa. Collectively, illuminate soft hard tissue auditory vocal apparatus using imaging analytic techniques, besides presenting behavioural kinematic capture dynamic emergent properties input. Beginning bats, second most diversified group (Simmons, 2005) only have coupled self-powered flight (Rayner, 1988) echolocation, includes two detailed examinations craniofacial development (Meguro et al., 2024; Pommery 2024). These focus upper jaw complex (Pommery 2024) orofacial in relation ability bats engage laryngeal example 'active sensing' (Nelson & MacIver, 2006) allows probe vast night sky complicated geometry cave environments. Most produce high-frequency vocalisations perceive reflected echoes from environment. Captured information is then processed specific regions brain (Teeling, 2009) allowing navigate hunt pitch darkness. Several aspects astounding system been investigated. Particularly, recent fields anatomy evolutionary morphology, facilitated micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) diffusible iodine contrast-enhanced staining tissues (Gignac 2016), assessed patterning magnitude variation inner ear (e.g. Davies 2013; Nojiri 2021, Sulser 2022) larynx Brualla Carter, 2020; Snipes 2022). Here, Meguro colleagues shift three-dimensional descriptions embryonic development, examining clefting, has suggested functional role echolocation (Arbour 2019; Curtis Orr 2016). With sample, al. (2024) characterize morphotypes among non-laryngeal echolocators, oral- nasal-emitting comprising bone, cartilage epithelial organs. The demonstrate cleft morphology arises heterogeneous developmental pathways echolocating Their study highlights diversification draws parallels between bat submucosal palate humans, warrants further investigation. add prenatal growth palatine bones along other constituent elements complex, premaxilla, maxilla vomer. quantifying patterns allometry for these cranial broad sample non-bat mammals. ontogenetic poorly known relative postnatal patterns. identify significant differences high ossification timing several shifts bone nasal- compared oral-emitting echolocators. results provide insight into may be linked level diversity. Echolocation capabilities bats. case toothed whales (Odontoceti), capacity echolocate supports hunting, navigating communicating environment (Geisler 2014). evolution odontocetes resulted extensive restructuring structures reorganisation neural associated hearing (Berns 2015), appearance specialised such as retrograde telescoping (Churchill reconstructed likely evolving during Oligocene (~30Mya), fossil archaic bearing consistent members clade, supporting Churchill issue, Racicot (Racicot examine endosseous labyrinth quantify cochlear odontocetes. Through tracing ossicle shape 3D models derived microCT data, uncover early hear narrow-band, (NBHF) sounds. hypothesise was stem Delphinidae (ocean dolphins) Miocene. Among odontocetes, NBHF sounds appears multiple differently related groups, considered convergent predatory avoidance strategy (Andersen Amundin, 1976; Galatius Morisaka Connor, 2007). Novel analyses presented suggest ancestral feature clade. Traveling back record cetaceans, Corrie Park turn attention little-known cetaceans (Archaeocetes) belonging Kekenodontidae, late Oligocene. clade represents archaeocetes outside Eocene comprises representatives primitive (Corrie Fordyce, 2022, Providing first description Kekenodon onamata, quantification its shape, confirm it capable detecting low-frequency sounds, but not ultrasonic or infrasonic frequencies, similar modern baleen whales. reinforces hypothesis evolved capability quantitative Mennecart ears bovids, underscore value analysis small possibility visualising tiny morphological unprecedented detail. techniques crucial identification assessment diagnostic traits system. Moving those reptiles, Werneburg Bronzati ontogeny reptilian ear, which, mammalian middle somewhat neglected comparative anatomists. histological sections pre-cartilaginous stages understand formation key reptiles: extracolumella, cartilaginous structure connecting columella (=stapes mammals) tympanic membrane, quadrate, site attachment membrane skull new embryological turtles, lizards, caimans, focusing blastematous stages, indicate much extracolumella turtles quadrate pharyngeal arch, whereas lizards dorsal portion (equivalent process caimans) similarly originate regions. findings challenge uniform homology distal columellar Integrating evidence, propose functioned structural brace braincase. function changed became integrated stress dynamics feeding behaviours. Lastly, anatomical observations often subject researcher's individual interpretations (and assumptions), importance figures, including drawings photos sections, scientific transparency. From reception sound production, contributions sound-producing organs birds Ajjim Lang (2025) discuss crocodilian acoustic communication strategies, gharials. Various species crocodile, alligators caiman documented bellows roars, non-vocal headslaps bubbling, well sub-audible vibrations underwater (Senter, 2008; references therein). However, contrast gharials noted comparatively quiet, vocalising infrequently, generate signals questioned, owing narrow snouts (Dinets, 2013). (Gavialis gangeticus) sudden, amplitude pulsatile, Using combination direct field observation audio-video documentation, show tightly intermittent exhalation-inhalation cycles performed adult male possessing intact ghara. latter, narial excrescence males, unique living crocodilians. Advancing understanding repertoire gharials, signal novel, gharial, invite research unravel significance. (Nojiri 2025) avian organ, syrinx. diversity complexity syrinx (King, 1989; Kingsley origins understood, though thought arisen before origin crown (Clarke suggests co-opting program (Longtine approach reveal syringeal muscles. series representative classes (Goller Larsen, 1997; Larsen Gollerf, 1999), single pair vibratory membranes lower trachea (e.g., parrots) pairs located at below tracheobronchial junction songbirds), comparisons serial sections. describe entire cartilage, muscles nerves tracheobronchi 2025), evidence lateral tracheal were ontogenetically split form Psittaciformes (parrots) Passeriformes (passerines). splitting hypertrophy supported strategies clades 2025). departing itself examination rhythmic received Laffi (Laffi motor rhythmicity horse gaits. By motion linear modelling detect characterise different blocks gait rhythm, movement limbs pattern interlimb coordination, liken fore- hindlimb horses ticking clock. isochronous hypothesised reflect physiologic pressures seek maintain coordinated (Grillner El Manira, 2020) minimise energy consumption fall risk (O'Connor 2012), respectively. demonstrating application bioacoustics music cognition tools horse, could viable avenue irregularities Weishaupt 2001) locomotion animals. We thank Phil Cox his thoughtful invitation compile symposium, delivered International Congress Vertebrate Morphology held Cairns (Australia) 2023. indebted Ed Fenton unwavering logistical support completing we all patience with, contribution to, issue. LABW receives Australian Research Council (FT200100822). DK Japan Society Promotion Science (22KK0101 21H02546) Technology Agency (JPMJFR2148). Data sharing applicable article no created analyzed study.

Language: Английский

Rhythmic Analysis in Animal Communication, Speech, and Music: The Normalized Pairwise Variability Index Is a Summary Statistic of Rhythm Ratios

Vibration, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 12 - 12

Published: March 24, 2025

Rhythm is fundamental in many physical and biological systems. relevant to a broad range of phenomena across different fields, including animal bioacoustics, speech sciences, music cognition. As result, the interest developing consistent quantitative measures for cross-disciplinary rhythmic analysis growing. Two that can be directly applied any temporal structure are normalized pairwise variability index (nPVI) rhythm ratios (rk). The nPVI summarizes overall isochrony sequence, i.e., how regularly spaced sequence’s events are, as single value. Meanwhile, rk quantifies between adjacent intervals often used identifying categories. Here, we show these two fundamentally connected: summary static values sequence. This result offers deeper understanding applied. It also opens door creating novel, custom quantify patterns based on distribution compare domains. explicit connection one further step towards common toolkit research disciplines.

Language: Английский