A literature review of the economics of COVID‐19

Journal of Economic Surveys, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 1007 - 1044

Published: April 18, 2021

The goal of this piece is to survey the developing and rapidly growing literature on economic consequences COVID-19 governmental responses, synthetize insights emerging from a very large number studies. This survey: (i) provides an overview data sets techniques employed measure social distancing cases deaths; (ii) reviews determinants compliance with effectiveness distancing; (iii) mentions macroeconomic financial impacts including modelling plausible mechanisms; (iv) summarizes socioeconomic COVID-19, focusing those aspects related labor, health, gender, discrimination, environment; (v) public policy responses.

Language: Английский

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The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Evidence from a New Public Database Built Using Private Sector Data

Published: June 1, 2020

We build a publicly available database that tracks economic activity in the U.S. at granular level real time using anonymized data from private companies.We report weekly statistics on consumer spending, business revenues, job postings, and employment rates disaggregated by county, sector, income group.Using data, we show how COVID-19 pandemic affected economy analyzing heterogeneity its impacts across subgroups.High-income individuals reduced spending sharply March 2020, particularly sectors require in-person interaction.This reduction greatly revenues of small businesses affluent, dense areas.Those laid off many their employees, leading to widespread losses, especially among low-wage workers such areas.High-wage experienced "V-shaped" recession lasted few weeks, whereas much larger, more persistent losses.Even though postings had recovered fully December 2021, jobs remained lower areas were initially hard hit, indicating losses due demand shock led labor supply.Building this diagnostic analysis, evaluate fiscal stimulus policies designed stem downward spiral activity.Cash payments sharp increases early pandemic, but smaller responses later for high-income households.Real-time estimates marginal propensities consume provided better forecasts subsequent rounds than historical estimates.Overall, our findings suggest can secondary declines cannot restore full when initial arises health concerns.More broadly, analysis demonstrates public constructed sector support research real-time policy analyses, providing new tool empirical macroeconomics.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19, lockdowns and well-being: Evidence from Google Trends

Journal of Public Economics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 104346 - 104346

Published: Nov. 30, 2020

Language: Английский

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Lifestyle and mental health disruptions during COVID-19

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(9)

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Significance COVID-19 has affected daily life in unprecedented ways. Drawing on a longitudinal dataset of college students before and during the pandemic, we document dramatic changes physical activity, sleep, time use, mental health. We show that biometric time-use data are critical for understanding health impacts COVID-19, as pandemic tightened link between lifestyle behaviors depression. Our findings also suggest puzzle: Disruptions to activity strongly associated, but restoration through short-term intervention does not help improve These results highlight large impact both well-being offer directions interventions aimed at restoring

Language: Английский

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Working from home and income inequality: risks of a ‘new normal’ with COVID-19

Journal of Population Economics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(1), P. 303 - 360

Published: Sept. 12, 2020

In the current context of COVID-19 pandemic, working from home (WFH) became great importance for a large share employees since it represents only option to both continue and minimise risk virus exposure. Uncertainty about duration pandemic future contagion waves even led companies view WFH as 'new normal' way working. Based on influence function regression methods, this paper explores potential consequences in labour income distribution related long-lasting increase feasibility among Italian employees. Results show that positive shift would be associated with an average income, but benefit not equally distributed Specifically, opportunity favour male, older, high-educated, high-paid However, 'forced innovation' more living provinces have been affected by novel coronavirus. thus risks exacerbating pre-existing inequalities market, especially if will adequately regulated. As consequence, study suggests policies aimed at alleviating inequality, like support measures (in short run) human capital interventions long run), should play important compensating role future.

Language: Английский

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The impact of COVID-19 on gender inequality in the labor market and gender-role attitudes

European Societies, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(sup1), P. S228 - S245

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

COVID-19 and ensuing changes in mobility have altered employment relations for millions of people across the globe. Emerging evidence shows that women may be more severely affected by this change. The pandemic, however, an impact beyond immediate restructuring shift gender-role attitudes within households as a result division household labor. We analyze representative sample respondents U.S., Germany, Singapore show transitions to unemployment, reductions working hours from home been frequent than men – although not same extent three countries. also demonstrate among couples who had employed at start express egalitarian if they became unemployed but their partners remained employed, while traditional employed. These results indicate might adapt lived realities. long-term consequences will depend on how both experience further shifts economies recover.

Language: Английский

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The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Evidence from a New Public Database Built Using Private Sector Data

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 139(2), P. 829 - 889

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Abstract We build a publicly available database that tracks economic activity in the United States at granular level real time using anonymized data from private companies. report weekly statistics on consumer spending, business revenues, job postings, and employment rates disaggregated by county, sector, income group. Using data, we show how COVID-19 pandemic affected economy analyzing heterogeneity its effects across subgroups. High-income individuals reduced spending sharply March 2020, particularly sectors require in-person interaction. This reduction greatly revenues of small businesses affluent, dense areas. Those laid off many their employees, leading to widespread losses, especially among low-wage workers such High-wage experienced V-shaped recession lasted few weeks, whereas much larger, more persistent losses. Even though postings had recovered fully December 2021, jobs remained depressed areas were initially hard hit, indicating temporary fall labor demand led supply. Building this diagnostic analysis, evaluate fiscal stimulus policies designed stem downward spiral activity. Cash payments sharp increases early pandemic, but smaller responses later for high-income households. Real-time estimates marginal propensities consume provided better forecasts impacts subsequent rounds than historical estimates. Overall, our findings suggest can secondary declines cannot restore full when initial shock arises health concerns. More broadly, analysis demonstrates public constructed sector support research real-time policy analyses, providing new tool empirical macroeconomics.

Language: Английский

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Human resource management and the COVID-19 crisis: implications, challenges, opportunities, and future organizational directions

Journal of Management & Organization, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 799 - 814

Published: April 19, 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 has grandly shaken all organizations, creating a complex and challenging environment for managers human resource management (HRM) practitioners, who need to find ingenious solutions ensure the continuity of their companies help employees cope with this extraordinary crisis. Studies addressing impact crisis on HRM are sparse. This paper is general literature review, which aims at broadening scope research, by exploring HRM. It identifies main challenges opportunities that have arisen from new pandemic it offers insights practitioners into possible future organizational directions might arise these opportunities.

Language: Английский

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Stay-at-home orders, social distancing, and trust

Journal of Population Economics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 1321 - 1354

Published: June 19, 2021

Language: Английский

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OpenABM-Covid19—An agent-based model for non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 including contact tracing

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. e1009146 - e1009146

Published: July 12, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the world, causing high mortality and unprecedented restrictions on social economic activity. Policymakers are assessing how best to navigate through ongoing epidemic, with computational models being used predict of infection assess impact public health measures. Here, we present OpenABM-Covid19: an agent-based simulation epidemic including detailed age-stratification realistic networks. By default model is parameterised UK demographics calibrated however, it can easily be re-parameterised for other countries. OpenABM-Covid19 evaluate non-pharmaceutical interventions, both manual digital contact tracing, vaccination programmes. It simulate a population 1 million people in seconds per day, allowing parameter sweeps formal statistical model-based inference. The code open-source been developed by teams inside outside academia, emphasis testing, documentation, modularity transparency. A key feature its Python R interfaces, which allowed scientists policymakers dynamic packages interventions help compare options suppress COVID-19 epidemic.

Language: Английский

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