Melatonin: A New Plant Hormone and/or a Plant Master Regulator?

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 38 - 48

Published: Nov. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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Melatonin Synthesis and Function: Evolutionary History in Animals and Plants

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 17, 2019

Melatonin is an ancient molecule that can be traced back to the origin of life. Melatonin's initial function was likely as a free radical scavenger. presumably evolved in bacteria; it has been measured both α-proteobacteria and photosynthetic cyanobacteria. In early evolution, bacteria were phagocytosed by primitive eukaryotes for their nutrient value. According endosymbiotic theory, ingested eventually developed symbiotic association with host eukaryotes. The into mitochondria while cyanobacteria became chloroplasts organelles retained ability produce melatonin. Since these have persisted present day, all species ever existed or currently exist may continue synthesize melatonin (animals plants) (plants) where functions antioxidant. other functions, including its multiple receptors, later evolution. day animals, via receptor-mediated means, regulation sleep, modulation circadian rhythms, enhancement immunity, multifunctional oncostatic agent, etc., retaining reduce oxidative stress processes are, part, receptor-independent. plants, continues reducing well promoting seed germination growth, improving resistance, stimulating immune system modulating rhythms; single receptor identified land plants controls stomatal closure on leaves. synthetic pathway varies somewhat between animals. amino acid, tryptophan, necessary precursor taxa. tryptophan initially hydroxylated 5-hydroxytryptophan which then decarboxylated formation serotonin. Serotonin either acetylated

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 990 - 1028

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides produced peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine paracrine signal, melatonin centrally synthetized by neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of considered species, hormone always during night its production secretory episode duration are directly dependent on length night. As tightly linked light/dark cycle, main hormonal systemic integrative action coordinate behavioral physiological adaptations environmental geophysical day season. The circadian signal daily regularity, contrast between concentrations, specially developed ways action. During episode, coordinates adaptive physiology through immediate effects primes responses prospective that will only appear at daytime, when absent. Similarly, annual history central nervous/endocrine system seasons come. Remarkably, maternal programs fetuses' behavior cope with cycle season after birth. These unique turn into biological time-domain–acting molecule. review focuses above considerations, proposes putative classification clinical dysfunctions, discusses general guidelines therapeutic use melatonin.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant: one of evolution’s best ideas

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 74(21), P. 3863 - 3881

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 843 - 843

Published: April 17, 2017

There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What rather perplexing, however, large number of processes by which reportedly restrains development growth. These diverse suggest what being observed are merely epiphenomena an underlying more fundamental action remains to be disclosed. Some arresting on clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others receptor-independent involve direct intracellular this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While emphasis melatonin/cancer research has role indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, changing quickly with types having shown susceptible inhibition melatonin. several facets could immediate applications clinical level. Many studies melatonin's co-administration improves sensitivity cancers conventional drugs. Even important findings renders previously totally resistant treatment sensitive same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits associated limiting entrance cells into vascular system preventing them from establishing secondary growths distant sites. This particular importance since often significantly contributes death patient. Another area deserves additional consideration related capacity reducing toxic consequences anti-cancer drugs increasing their efficacy. Although information available for than a decade, it not adequately exploited if only beneficial patients its ability attenuate acute long-term drug toxicity, should used improve physical wellbeing patients. The experimental findings, advantages using as co-treatment therapies would far exceed improvements

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and inflammation—Story of a double‐edged blade

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 65(4)

Published: Sept. 22, 2018

Melatonin is an immune modulator that displays both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Proinflammatory actions, which are well documented by many studies in isolated cells or leukocyte-derived cell lines, can be assumed to enhance the resistance against pathogens. However, they detrimental autoimmune diseases. Anti-inflammatory actions of particular medicinal interest, because observed high-grade inflammation such as sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, brain injury, also low-grade during aging neurodegenerative The mechanisms contributing effects manifold comprise various pathways secondary signaling. These include numerous antioxidant effects, downregulation inducible inhibition neuronal NO synthases, cyclooxygenase-2, high-mobility group box-1 signaling toll-like receptor-4 activation, prevention inflammasome NLRP3 NF-κB activation upregulation nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2). reflected proinflammatory cytokines. amyloid-β peptides reduced enhancing α-secretase β- γ-secretases. A role melatonin's seems associated with sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), shares known from melatonin additionally interferes mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) Notch, reduces expression lncRNA-CCL2. conclusion on a partial mediation SIRT1 supported repeatedly inhibitions sirtuin inhibitors knockdown.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin prevents endothelial cell pyroptosis via regulation of long noncoding RNA MEG3/miR‐223/NLRP3 axis

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 64(2)

Published: Oct. 11, 2017

Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease linked to endothelial dysfunction. Melatonin reported possess substantial anti-inflammatory properties, which has proven be effective in AS. Emerging literature suggests that pyroptosis plays a critical role during AS progression. However, whether contributes dysfunction and the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unexploited. This study was designed investigate antipyroptotic effects of melatonin atherosclerotic endothelium elucidate potential mechanisms. In this study, high-fat diet (HFD)-treated ApoE-/- mice were used as animal model. We found intragastric administration for 12 weeks markedly reduced plaque aorta. Meanwhile, also attenuated expression pyroptosis-related genes, including NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase1, NF-κB/GSDMD, GSDMD N-termini, IL-1β, IL-18 aortic melatonin-treated animals. Consistent observed ox-LDL-treated human cells (HAECs). lncRNA MEG3 enhanced HAECs. Moreover, acted endogenous sponge by sequence complementarity suppress function miR-223 increase NLRP3 enhance cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, knockdown blocked actions Together, our results suggest prevents via MEG3/miR-223/NLRP3 axis atherosclerosis, therefore, replacement might considered new strategy protecting against pyroptosis, thereby treatment atherosclerosis associated with

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis of cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury is associated with CK2α-disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis via suppression of FUNDC1-related mitophagy

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 1080 - 1093

Published: March 14, 2018

Disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, although underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that casein kinase 2α (CK2α) was upregulated following acute IR injury. Increased CK2α shown be instrumental damage, cardiomyocyte death, infarction area expansion and dysfunction, whereas cardiac-specific knockout (CK2αCKO) mice were protected against injury damage. Functional assay indicated enhanced phosphorylation (inactivation) FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) via post-transcriptional modification at Ser13, thus effectively inhibiting mitophagy. Defective mitophagy failed remove damaged mitochondria induced by resulting in genome collapse, electron transport chain complex (ETC) inhibition, biogenesis arrest, cardiolipin oxidation, oxidative stress, mPTP opening, debris accumulation eventually apoptosis. In contrast, loss reversed FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy, providing a survival advantage myocardial tissue stress. Interestingly, deficient both FUNDC1 show protection damage through possible attributed lack Taken together, our results confirmed serves as negative regulator suppression FUNDC1-required favoring development

Language: Английский

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Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 2124 - 2124

Published: Dec. 16, 2016

Melatonin has been speculated to be mainly synthesized by mitochondria. This speculation is supported the recent discovery that aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase/serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT/SNAT) localized in mitochondria of oocytes and isolated generate melatonin. We have also melatonin a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. It accumulates with high concentration against gradient. probably achieved an active transportation via mitochondrial transporter(s). protects scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting permeability transition pore (MPTP), activating uncoupling proteins (UCPs). Thus, maintains optimal membrane potential preserves functions. In addition, biogenesis dynamics regulated most cases, reduces fission elevates their fusion. Mitochondrial exhibit oscillatory pattern which matches circadian secretory rhythm pinealeocytes other cells. Recently, found promote mitophagy improve homeostasis

Language: Английский

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Phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1‐mediated signaling regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 65(2)

Published: April 27, 2018

Melatonin has been detected in plants 1995; however, the function and signaling pathway of this putative phytohormone are largely undetermined due to a lack knowledge about its receptor. Here, we discovered first phytomelatonin receptor (CAND2/PMTR1) Arabidopsis thaliana found that melatonin governs receptor-dependent stomatal closure. The application induced closure through heterotrimeric G protein α subunit-regulated H2 O2 Ca2+ signals. mutant lines lacking AtCand2 encodes candidate protein-coupled were insensitive melatonin-induced Accordingly, production influx completely abolished cand2. CAND2 is membrane interacts with GPA1 expression was tightly regulated by various organs guard cells. showed saturable specific 125 I-melatonin binding, apparent Kd (dissociation constant) 0.73 ± 0.10 nmol/L (r2 = .99), demonstrating (PMTR1). Our results suggest regulation dependent on CAND2/PMTR1-mediated transduction cascade.

Language: Английский

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