The hidden rhythms of epilepsy: exploring biological clocks and epileptic seizure dynamics

Acta Epileptologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract Epilepsy, characterized by recurrent seizures, is influenced biological rhythms, such as circadian, seasonal, and menstrual cycles. These rhythms affect the frequency, severity, timing of although precise mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. This review examines role clocks, particularly core circadian genes Bmal1 , Clock Per Cry in regulating neuronal excitability epilepsy susceptibility. We explore how sleep-wake cycle, non-rapid eye movement sleep, increases risk discuss modulation neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid glutamate. clinical implications, including chronotherapy which refers to practice medical treatments align with body's natural rhythm. Chronotherapy aligns anti-seizure medication administration rhythms. also rhythm-based neuromodulation strategies, adaptive deep brain stimulation, may dynamically change stimulation response predicted seizures patients, provide additional therapeutic options. emphasizes potential integrating rhythm analysis into personalized management, offering novel approaches optimize treatment improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on understanding individual variability seizure harnessing technological innovations enhance prediction, precision treatment, long-term management.

Language: Английский

Suprachiasmatic nucleus dysfunction induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors via activating the BDNF-TrkB pathway of the striatum

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 21, 2025

The circadian rhythm system consists of a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) hypothalamus and peripheral clocks dispersed throughout other brain areas (including striatum, Str) as well various tissues organs. Circadian disturbance is major risk factor common comorbidity for mood disorders, especially anxiety depression. Bmal1 one fundamental protein genes that required to maintain rhythm. Recent research has revealed link between dysfunction depression, but underlying mechanisms remain be fully elucidated. This study aimed investigate how may lead anxiety- depression-like behaviors. Through behavioral tests, virus tracing, molecular biology techniques, we found neural connection from striatum. SCN lesions Bmal1flox/flox + pAAV-hSyn-Cre-GFP (conditional knockout, cKO) mice exhibited disruptions core body temperature rhythm, Importantly, these displayed altered expression patterns an upregulation Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) - Tyrosine Kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling pathway within Microinjection TrkB inhibitor ANA-12 can effectively reverse These findings indicate contribute pathogenesis depression through BDNF-TrkB potentially mediated by projections SCN. gene represent novel therapeutic target disorders.

Language: Английский

Sleep links hippocampal propensity for epileptiform activity to its viscerosensory inputs

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 13, 2025

The development of a seizure relies on two factors. One is the existence an overexcitable neuronal network and other trigger that switches normal activity into paroxysmal state. While mechanisms local overexcitation have been focus many studies, process triggering remains poorly understood. We suggest that, apart from known exteroceptive sources reflex epilepsy such as visual, auditory or olfactory signals, there range interoceptive triggers, which are relevant for in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). hypothesis proposed here aims to explain prevalence epileptic sleep drowsiness states provide detailed mechanism seizures triggered by signals.

Language: Английский