Bottom-up perspective – The role of roots and rhizosphere in climate change adaptation and mitigation in agroecosystems

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 500(1-2), P. 297 - 323

Published: April 4, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims Climate change is happening causing severe impact on the sustainability of agroecosystems. We argue that many abiotic stresses associated with climate will be most acutely perceived by plant at root-soil interface are likely to mitigated this globally important interface. In review we focus direct impacts change, temperature, drought pCO 2 , roots rhizospheres. Methods Results consider which belowground traits impacted discuss potential for monitoring quantifying these modelling breeding programs. specific combined stress role microbial communities populating interface, collectively referred as rhizosphere microbiota, in interactions under plastic responses a way adapting plants change. then go has understanding complex problem suggest best targets adaptation mitigation finish considering where main uncertainties lie, providing perspective research needed. Conclusion This therefore focuses adapt effects mitigate their negative growth, crop productivity, soil health ecosystem services.

Language: Английский

---

Climate change will reduce North American inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract Climate change can alter wetland extent and function, but such impacts are perplexing. Here, changes in characteristics over North America from 25° to 53° projected under two climate scenarios using a state-of-the-science Earth system model. At the continental scale, annual area decreases by ~10% (6%-14%) high emission scenario, spatiotemporal vary, reaching up ±50%. As dominant driver of these shifts precipitation temperature higher wetlands undergo substantial drying during summer season when biotic processes peak. The disruptions seasonality cycles imply further on biodiversity major habitats upper Mississippi, Southeast Canada, Everglades. Furthermore, significantly shrink cold regions due increased infiltration as warmer reduces soil ice. large dependence projections underscores importance mitigation sustaining ecosystems future.

Language: Английский

---

Is Endophytic Colonization of Host Plants a Method of Alleviating Drought Stress? Conceptualizing the Hidden World of Endophytes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 9194 - 9194

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

In the wake of changing climatic conditions, plants are frequently exposed to a wide range biotic and abiotic stresses at various stages their development, all which negatively affect growth, productivity. Drought is one most devastating for cultivated crops, particularly in arid semiarid environments. Conventional breeding biotechnological approaches used generate drought-tolerant crop plants. However, these techniques costly time-consuming. Plant-colonizing microbes, notably, endophytic fungi, have received increasing attention recent years since they can boost plant growth yield strengthen responses stress. this review, we describe microorganisms relationship with host plants, summarize current knowledge on how “reprogram” promote productivity, drought tolerance, explain why promising agents modern agriculture.

Language: Английский

---

Landscape Genomics in Tree Conservation Under a Changing Environment

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Understanding the genetic basis of how species respond to changing environments is essential conservation species. However, molecular mechanisms adaptation remain largely unknown for long-lived tree which always have large population sizes, long generation time, and extensive gene flow. Recent advances in landscape genomics can reveal signals adaptive selection linking variations characteristics therefore created novel insights into strategies. In this review article, we first summarized methods used elucidated advantages disadvantages these methods. We then highlighted newly developed method “Risk Non-adaptedness,” predict offset or genomic vulnerability via allele frequency change under multiple scenarios climate change. Finally, provided prospects concerning our introduced approaches assist policymaking improve existing strategies ongoing global changes.

Language: Английский

---

When and how can we predict adaptive responses to climate change?

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 172 - 187

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Predicting if, when, and how populations can adapt to climate change constitutes one of the greatest challenges in science today. Here, we build from contributions special issue on evolutionary adaptation change, a survey its authors, recent literature explore limits opportunities for predicting adaptive responses change. We outline what might be predictable now, future, perhaps never even with our best efforts. More accurate predictions are expected traits characterized by well-understood mapping between genotypes phenotypes experiencing strong, direct selection due A meta-analysis revealed an overall moderate trait heritability evolvability studies performed under future conditions but indicated no significant current conditions, suggesting neither more nor less genetic variation adapting climates. population persistence rescue remains uncertain, especially many species without sufficient ecological data. Still, when polled, authors contributing this were relatively optimistic about ability predict Predictions will improve as expand efforts understand diverse organisms, their ecology, potential. Advancements functional genomic resources, extension non-model union experiments "omics," should also enhance predictions. Although challenging, small advances reduce substantial uncertainties surrounding

Language: Английский

---

Range‐wide intraspecific variation reflects past adaptation to climate in a gypsophile Mediterranean shrub

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(7), P. 1533 - 1549

Published: May 13, 2024

Abstract Phenotypic differences among populations stem from the interaction between neutral and adaptive processes, phenotypic plasticity. Although clinal trait variation along climatic gradients often evolves in widely distributed species, it is unknown whether substrate specialization, such as that of Mediterranean gypsum plants, has constrained adaptation to climate. Using a common garden experiment with two contrasting watering treatments, we quantified plasticity, assessed evidence for footprints selection using F ST – Q comparisons, evaluated ecological factors driving genetically based differentiation 11 encompassing full environmental range shrub Lepidium subulatum. We found genetic related differences, warmer drier sites showing lower specific leaf area N, earlier phenology, greater water use efficiency fitness. Multiple lines suggest this was driven by past divergent rather than processes. All showed high indicating plasticity not been selected against, even harsher conditions. Synthesis . Our results indicate despite strong occurs species. However, also mesic may be particularly vulnerable future climate change given their relatively fitness under both wet dry

Language: Английский

---

The genetic architecture of repeated local adaptation to climate in distantly related plants

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 1933 - 1947

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Closely related species often use the same genes to adapt similar environments. However, we know little about why such possess increased adaptive potential and whether this is conserved across deeper evolutionary lineages. Adaptation climate presents a natural laboratory test these ideas, as even distantly must contend with stresses. Here, re-analyse genomic data from thousands of individuals 25 plant diverged lodgepole pine Arabidopsis (~300 Myr). We for genetic repeatability based on within-species associations between allele frequencies in variation 21 variables. Our results demonstrate significant statistical evidence deep time that not expected under randomness, identifying suite 108 gene families (orthogroups) functions repeatedly drive local adaptation climate. This set includes many orthogroups well-known abiotic stress response. Using co-expression networks quantify pleiotropy, find stronger exhibit greater network centrality broader expression tissues (higher pleiotropy), contrary 'cost complexity' theory. These may be important helping wild crop cope future change, representing candidates study.

Language: Английский

---

Patterns of phenotypic plasticity along a thermal gradient differ by trait type in an alpine plant

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 2412 - 2428

Published: June 26, 2022

Abstract Climate change presents many challenges for plants, a major one of which is the steady increase in temperatures that plants are exposed to during germination, growth and reproduction. Generating more complete understanding capacity respond role phenotypic plasticity plays facilitating species' responses warming central objective global ecology. Different traits expressed across life stages might be expected exhibit variety temperature due genetic variation, even within species. However, extent variation among trait types relative contribution genetics along thermal gradient not well understood. Here, we studied an alpine plant, Wahlenbergia ceracea , determine shapes plastic 14 leaf, physiology reproductive fitness broad while also comparing family lines. Trait differed markedly: leaf showed nonlinear with best performance at intermediate temperatures, whereas were generally less responsive temperature. Variation families was lowest most necessary tolerating environmental extremes (e.g. heat tolerance), suggesting may canalised suffers it. In contrast, means, some cases, germination suggests hence potential these few selection. Our results illustrate occur response temperature, frequent occurrence complex would have been apparent comparison fewer temperatures. We discuss physiological, ecological evolutionary insights our findings provide into wild species changing climate. Read free Plain Language Summary this article on Journal blog.

Language: Английский

---

Genetic mapping reveals new loci and alleles for flowering time and plant height using the double round-robin population of barley

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(8), P. 2385 - 2402

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract Flowering time and plant height are two critical determinants of yield potential in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Despite their role physiological regulation, a complete overview the genetic complexity flowering regulation is still lacking. Using double round-robin population originated from crossings 23 diverse parental inbred lines, we aimed to determine variance components as well identify new variants by single multi-population QTL analyses allele mining. similar genotypic variance, observed higher environmental for than time. Furthermore, detected QTLs height. Finally, identified functional allelic variant main regulatory gene Ppd-H1. Our results show that architecture might be more complex reported earlier number undetected, small effect, or low-frequency underlie control these traits.

Language: Английский

---

Conserving Evolutionary Potential: Combining Landscape Genomics with Established Methods to Inform Plant Conservation

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(1), P. 707 - 736

Published: April 10, 2024

Biodiversity conservation requires conserving evolutionary potential-the capacity for wild populations to adapt. Understanding genetic diversity and dynamics is critical informing decisions that enhance adaptability persistence under environmental change. We review how emerging landscape genomic methods provide plant programs with insights into dynamics, including local adaptation its drivers. Landscape approaches explore relationships between variation environments complement rather than replace established population common garden assessing adaptive phenotypic variation, structure, gene flow, demography. Collectively, these inform actions, rescue, maladaptation prediction, assisted flow. The greatest on-the-ground impacts from such studies will be realized when practitioners are actively engaged in research monitoring. the shaping of species an uncertain future.

Language: Английский

---