Revisiting of Carex sect. Confertiflorae s.l. (Cyperaceae): New data from molecular and morphological evidence and first insights on Carex biogeography in East Asia

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 668 - 686

Published: May 19, 2021

Abstract Carex sect. Confertiflorae s.l. is a medium‐sized species group (ca. 40 species) with its center of diversity in E Asia (China and Japan). According to morphological traits, the section has been proposed split into two sections (sects. sensu Ohwi Molliculae Ohwi) up five different ones s.s., Molliculae, Dispalatae Ohwi, Ischnostachyae Alliiformes Akiyama). Recent phylogenetic reconstructions showed not be monophyletic, as traditionally considered part it were found belong other clades, whereas ascribed nested within it. In this study, we investigated structure, affinities, biogeographic history We employed taxon‐based approach explore affinities compared micromorphology nutlets almost all taxa using SEM. included samples representing 31 species/subspecies used nuclear (ETS ITS) three plastid (trnL‐F, matK , rpl32‐trnL UAG ) molecular markers reconstruct phylogeny group. The analyses confirmed polyphyly s.l., whose representatives distinct clades. From these, closely related contained majority species. composition clades agreed structure group, an exclusive combination features (namely color basal sheaths, presence bract sheath, peduncle lowest spike, inflorescence sex distribution, shape pistillate glume apex, veins utricle, among others) characterizing each origin was early Pliocene; however, diversification events clade took place during Pleistocene. This illustrates that although regarded having little potential ecological space for diversify due climate stability, groups sedges sub‐endemic from area may have fairly recent glaciations. rearrangement previously conceived independent sections: monotypic Paludosae .

Language: Английский

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Cross-Species Transferability of Specific SSR Markers from Carex curvula (Cyperaceae) to Other Carex Species

Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 73 - 73

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Microsatellites are codominant markers that, due to their high polymorphism, a common choice for detecting genetic variability in various organisms, including fungi, plants, and animals. However, the process of developing these is both costly time-consuming. As result, cross-species amplification has become more rapid affordable alternative biological studies. The objective this study was assess applicability 13 SSR markers, originally designed Carex curvula, other 14 species belonging different sections genus. All were successfully transferred with mean 90.76%, 100% transferability reached two (C. baldensis C. rupestris). lowest registered G165 marker, which did not produce six species. Together, microsatellites amplified total 183 alleles, ranging from 10 19 alleles per locus, an average 14.07. number ranged 0.846 maximum 2.077 locus. No significant departures Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium detected polymorphic loci. proved highly successful species, across clades

Language: Английский

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Genomic and ecological insights into phylogeography: the complex history of the widespread herb Carex nigra (Cyperaceae) revisited

Alpine Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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An Evolutionary Study of Carex Subg. Psyllophorae (Cyperaceae) Sheds Light on a Strikingly Disjunct Distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, With Emphasis on Its Patagonian Diversification

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Carex subgenus Psyllophorae is an engaging study group due to its early diversification compared most lineages, and remarkable disjunct distribution in four continents corresponding three independent sections: sect. Western Palearctic, Schoenoxiphium Afrotropical region, Junciformes South America (SA) SW Pacific. The latter section mainly distributed Patagonia the Andes, where it one of few groups with a significant situ diversification. We assess role historical geo-climatic events evolutionary history group, particularly intercontinental colonization processes, emphasis on SA. performed integrative using phylogenetic (four DNA regions), divergence times, rates, biogeographic reconstruction, bioclimatic niche evolution analyses. crown age subg. (early Miocene) supports this lineage as oldest within Carex. rate probably decreased over time whole subgenus. Geography seems have played primary Psyllophorae. Inferred times imply scenario away from Gondwanan vicariance hypotheses suggest long-distance dispersal-mediated allopatric Section remained Northern since until Plio-Pleistocene glaciations. Andean orogeny appears acted northward corridor, which contrasts general pattern North-to-South migration for temperate-adapted organisms. A striking conservatism characterizes section. Colonization Pacific took place single dispersal event little ecological changes involved trans-Pacific disjunction preadaptation prior high species number results simple accumulation morphological (disparification), rather than shifts related increased rates (radiation).

Language: Английский

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Using genomics to guide seed‐sourcing at the right taxonomical level for ecological restoration projects: The complex case of Carex bigelowii s.lat. in Norway

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(23), P. 17117 - 17131

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Abstract There is a growing demand for ecological restoration using suitable seeds following international standards or national legal demands local seed‐sourcing. However, before selecting the appropriate geographic origin of seeds, it vital to explore taxonomic complexity related focal taxa. We used ddRAD‐seq screen genomic diversity within Carex bigelowii s.lat. focussing on Norway. This species complex considered candidate seeding, but presents considerable morphological, ecological, and genetic variation. The structure 132 individuals C. s.lat., including nigra as an outgroup, was explored ordinations, clustering analyses, barrier algorithm. Two highly divergent clusters were evident, supporting recognition two units “ dacica ” “subsp. ”. Previously defined seed‐sourcing regions did not consider known complexity, therefore interpreted overall regions, estimated neighborhood sizes each taxon be 100–150 km 300 km, respectively, indicating species‐specific delimitations regions. Frequent hybrids, distinctiveness, suggested ecotypes add discussed Our results show how screening in can alleviate impediment, inform practical questions, requirements seed‐sourcing, together with traditional work provide necessary information sound management biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote’s land (La Mancha, S Spain)

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 221, P. 161 - 186

Published: March 14, 2023

Despite centuries of work, the basic taxonomic knowledge flora Iberian Peninsula is still incomplete, especially for highly diverse and/or difficult genera such as Carex . In this study, we conducted an integrative systematic study based on molecular, morphological and cytogenetic data to elucidate status several problematic populations from La Mancha region (S Spain) belonging sect. Phacocystis. These have been traditionally considered uncertain adscription, but close C. reuteriana due their appearance ecological preferences. A detailed was performed 16 Mancha’s (Sierra Madrona Montes de Toledo) compare them with other Phacocystis species. addition, a phylogenetic analysis using two nuclear (ITS, ETS) plastid ( rpl 32‐ trn L UAG , ycf 6‐ psb M) DNA regions, including representatives all species We found significant degree molecular differentiation that supports recognition new endemic species, described here quixotiana Ben.Benítez, Martín-Bravo, Luceño & Jim.Mejías. Our results reveal unexpectedly, more closely related nigra than basis relationships chromosome number. contrasting patterns reflect complexity in highlight need approaches disentangle complicated evolutionary scenarios.

Language: Английский

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Macro- and micromorphology of Carex pauciflora-type fossils (Cyperaceae) from Europe and Siberia reveals unexpected affinity to Carex sect. Cyperoideae

Plant Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 310(4)

Published: June 7, 2024

Abstract Elongated biconvex Carex fossil fruits are relatively common in assemblages, but they of much uncertain taxonomic affinity. Three fossil-species have been erected to accommodate the materials from respective type localities ( C. klarae , paucifloriformis and paucifloroides ) a number superficially similar-looking fossils were reported other sites. The formerly proposed affinities mostly pointed extant pauciflora (subgen. Euthyceras or sect. Cyperoideae Vignea ), depending on authors. But despite similar superficial resemblance remains these not very closely related sedge taxa, groups also possible matches. We used comparative approach employing stereomicroscope SEM analyze several Old World “mummified” (ca. 23 0.1 Ma) elongated fruits. Several samples showed fair preservation previously unattested microscopic characters. In particular, one them allowed us detect an indirect record fine silica body morphologies (impressions) periclinal walls, which permitted sound placement Miocene Siberia as . all analyzed, epidermal cell outline central position main sufficient discard assignment subgen. purported affinity previous literature. absence detailed information bodies, (exocarp) details specimens do seem be determinant for systematic placement. However, addition diagnostic style characters best match with available information. Our data support continued presence since Miocene, candidates Eurasia place origin it, DNA-based reconstructions alone North America. This study underlines importance studies properly address identity unravel biogeographic history plants.

Language: Английский

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Cyperaceae in a data‐rich era: New evolutionary insights from solid frameworks

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 623 - 626

Published: July 1, 2021

Cyperaceae are among the 10 most diverse angiosperm families and third largest monocots (Christenhusz & Byng, 2016), with a critical ecological role in wetlands high-latitude high-elevation ecosystems. Sedges represent an ideal model plant family to study evolutionary biology because of their species richness, global distribution, large discrepancies lineage diversity, broad range preferences, adaptations including multiple origins C4 photosynthesis holocentric chromosomes (Larridon et al., 2021a). In last two decades, molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized our understanding sedge family. The first phylogenetic approaches beyond morphology used (e.g., Heilbron, 1924), relationships parasitic fungi Savile Calder, 1954), flavonoids Kukkonen, 1971). However, current systematic framework started take root advent suprageneric phylogeny (based on single chloroplast marker -rbcL- limited sampling; Muasya 1998) Carex s.l. nuclear -ITS- sequence data; Starr 1999). Through collaboration technical advances such as high-throughput sequencing, we have now achieved much more in-depth sampling taxa DNA regions. Thanks these efforts, latest retrieved for obtained stronger support than previous works. On one hand, new phylogenomic generated wealth data, allowing re-investigation fast-evolving lineages which could not be resolved using Sanger sequencing data 2020). other increasing availability bioclimatic digitized herbarium material, communication channels, material interchange opportunities, bioinformatic tools allowed gathering, analysis, processing information way that was possible just decade ago. This enabled continuous successful collaborations researchers across globe, it opened research horizons international community investigate systematics, taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, morphology, evolution key characters sedges photosynthesis. achievements Global Group (GCG) serve best-practice example. 2013, this consortium initiated collaborative effort led on-hand about 80% approximately 2000 giant genus Carex. Among milestones, GCG conducted massive (Jiménez-Mejías 2016a), performed thorough revision fossil record 2016b), provided robust backbone its major phylogenomics (Villaverde Together, time possibility addressing biogeographic history from perspective >60% c. spp. (Martín-Bravo 2019). Moreover, recent creation International Sedge Society, wider even ambitious projects involving entire will soon possible. Special Issue brings together series modern studies systematics result opportunities offered by data-rich era collaboration. increased higher-level taxonomic changes Cyperaceae. Previously organized into four subfamilies, 14 tribes, 104 genera (Goetghebeur, 1998), earliest 2009a, 2009b) demonstrated many traditional groups were defined plesiomorphies homoplasies, meant numerous tribes unnatural. At tribal level, significant made circumscription tribe Schoeneae exclusion placed Carpheae Cladieae (Semmouri 2019), within Scirpo-Caricoid Clade, where Scirpeae narrowly created (Léveillé-Bourret 2018a, 2018b; Léveillé-Bourret Starr, Issue, al. (2021) Larridon (2021a) use targeted concert sources propose rearrangements re-circumscriptions. focus Fuireneae s.l., group long known paraphyletic Semmouri but whose had changed due lack trees. With benefit novel topology congruent embryo features, they classification Grade involves is new. representative almost all recognized provide supported data. paper also provides complete overview Molecular equally contributed at generic level. Main circumscriptions occurred Elliott Muasya, 2017; Barrett 2020, 2021a, 2021b), Cariceae (Global Group, 2015), Abildgaardieae Roalson 2019; Trichophoreae al, 2020), Cypereae 2011, 2014). both nrDNA set, recircumscribe Schoenoplectus Schoenoplectiella reciprocally monophyletic, limits never clearly been marked. infrageneric re-examines Being three non-apomictic world, recircumscription merging segregate become monophyletic (GCG, 2015) continued through later publications Jiménez-Mejías 2016; Villaverde re-evaluate organizing principles roadmap future lower levels, work remains resolve between species, uncover previously undescribed unravel complexes. Here, integrated taxonomy approach, Reznicek monograph sect. Schiedeanae, highly Mexico, describe species. same line, Lu revise morphological sections delimitation unclear—sects. Confertiflorae Molliculae—and insights phylogeography Eastern Asia. These examples show strength combining diversity demonstrates considerable still needed understudied geographic regions, found 2021; Luceño 2021). Using population genomics based RADseq niche modeling, Nygaard jemtlandica C. lepidocarpa Ceratocystis separately evolving entities remain distinct sympatry despite ongoing hybridization introgression. As such, moving toward solving long-standing questions taxon complex, problem evaluated times 2012, 2017) allozyme variation (Hedrén Prentice, 1996; Hedrén, 2002, 2004; Blackstock, 2007) without clear resolution. Population GBS, RADseq, or methods offer hope tackle complexes future, already shown efforts (Escudero 2014; Maguilla 2020; Recently, deeply sampled sets several species-rich subject biogeographical diversification analyses Spalink 2016a, 2016b; Martín-Bravo 2021c, 2021d). help further understand patterns Benítez-Benítez geographical vs. Phacocystis integrating 82% extant GBIF occurrence Schoenus (Cyperaceae) after few years (Elliott 2021b). Their indicates originated Western Australian biodiversity hotspot, diversified >150 dispersed around globe. Large address questions. Pender how trait rates shape continental richness Carex, North America′s genus, while explore coevolution rust (Basidiomycota) rushes. allows biological assessing sensitivity divergence estimates locus sampling, calibration points, priors 2021), effects rapid chromosome number (Márquez-Corro We set papers stimulate integrative promote extraordinary exploring life Earth. thank editorial team Journal Systematics Evolution opportunity prepare focusing authors contributing issue feedback constructive comments earlier draft editorial.

Language: Английский

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Four new sectional names in Carex L. (Cyperaceae)

Kew Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(3), P. 799 - 802

Published: July 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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New relevant chorological data on sedges (Cyperaceae) of Peru

Kew Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 78(4), P. 539 - 545

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Summary We present relevant records of nine species sedges (Cyperaceae) for Peru. For the genus Carex , we two new national ( C. haematopus lepida ), plus data another six hitherto poorly known species. also first record Trichophorum rigidum subsp. ecuadoriense

Language: Английский

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