Emergence and diversification of a highly invasive chestnut pathogen lineage across southeastern Europe

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 4, 2021

Invasive microbial species constitute a major threat to biodiversity, agricultural production and human health. Invasions are often dominated by one or small number of genotypes, yet the underlying factors driving invasions poorly understood. The chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica first decimated North American chestnut, more recent outbreak threatens European stands. To unravel invasion southeastern Europe, we sequenced 230 genomes predominantly strains. Genotypes outside zone showed high levels diversity with evidence for frequent ongoing recombination. invasive lineage emerged from highly diverse genotype pool rather than secondary introduction Asia America. expansion across Europe was mostly clonal is single mating type, suggesting fitness advantage asexual reproduction. Our findings show how an intermediary, bridgehead population gave rise invasive, largely clonally expanding pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Founder effects shape linkage disequilibrium and genomic diversity of a partially clonal invader

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 1962 - 1978

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

The genomic variation of an invasive species may be affected by complex demographic histories and evolutionary changes during the invasion. Here, we describe relative influence bottlenecks, clonality, population expansion in determining variability widespread red macroalga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum. Its introduction from mainland Japan to estuaries North America Europe coincided with shifts predominantly sexual partially clonal reproduction rapid adaptive evolution. A survey 62,285 SNPs for 351 individuals 35 populations, aligned 24 chromosome-length scaffolds indicate that linkage disequilibrium (LD), observed heterozygosity (Ho ), Tajima's D, nucleotide diversity (Pi) were greater among non-native than native populations. Evolutionary simulations LD D consistent a severe bottleneck. Also, increased rate range could not have produced patterns itself but magnified bottleneck effect on LD. Elevated marker genetic source populations contributed Ho Pi range. We refined previous invasion region ~50 km section northeastern Honshu Island. Outlier detection methods failed reveal any consistently differentiated loci shared invaded regions, probably because A. vermiculophyllum history. Our results reinforce importance history, specifically founder effects, driving even when localized evolution reproductive system are observed.

Language: Английский

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Exploring germination thresholds and seed properties of Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations from different European regions for improving control strategies

Frontiers in Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Introduction Ambrosia artemisiifolia , a highly invasive weed species, poses significant challenges to agriculture and human health. This study investigated the germination thresholds physical properties of A. populations from diverse regions in Europe, encompassing Serbia, Croatia, Italy, France. Results revealed intriguing variations among populations. The Italian population exhibited lowest base temperature (T b ) 0.58°C, closely followed by Croatian (1.49°C), statistically similar Serbian (1.46°C) French (2.74°C) In contrast, displayed water potential (Ψ −1.44 MPa, (−1.23 MPa), with no differences observed between (−0.78 MPa) (−0.80 Analysis seed unveiled notable disparities size, weight, shape. boasted smallest, lightest, most spherical seeds, while harbored largest elongated seeds. Interestingly, seeds were heaviest. Conclusions underscores adaptability climatic conditions, showcasing varied responses across regions. These findings elucidate intricate interplay environmental factors traits, offering valuable insights for development effective management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Rapid Parallel Adaptation in Distinct Invasions of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia Is Driven by Large-Effect Structural Variants

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract When introduced to multiple distinct ranges, invasive species provide a compelling natural experiment for understanding the repeatability of adaptation. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an invasive, noxious weed, and chief cause hay fever. Leveraging over 400 whole-genome sequences spanning native-range in North America 2 invasions Europe Australia, we inferred demographically invasion histories on each continent. Despite substantial differences genetic source effective population size changes during introduction, scans both local climate adaptation divergence from revealed genomic signatures parallel between invasions. Disproportionately represented among these are 37 large haploblocks—indicators structural variation—that cover almost 20% genome exist as standing variation native-range. Many haploblocks associated with traits important climate, like timing flowering, have rapidly reformed clines invaded ranges. Others show extreme frequency consistent response divergent selection different continents. Our results demonstrate key role large-effect variants rapid range expansion, pattern that robust diverse histories.

Language: Английский

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Copy number variation contributes to parallel local adaptation in an invasive plant

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(10)

Published: March 3, 2025

Adaptation is a critical determinant of the diversification, persistence, and geographic range limits species. Yet genetic basis adaptation often unknown potentially underpinned by wide mutational types-from single nucleotide changes to large-scale alterations chromosome structure. Copy number variation (CNV) thought be an important source adaptive variation, as indicated decades candidate gene studies that point CNVs underlying rapid strong selective pressures. Nevertheless, population-genomic face unique logistical challenges not encountered other forms variation. Consequently, few have systematically investigated contributions at genome-wide scale. We present analysis CNV contributing invasive weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia. show clear signatures parallel local between North American (native) European (invaded) ranges, implying widespread reuse during shared heterogeneous patterns selection. used principal component (PCA) genotype regions in whole-genome sequences samples collected over last two centuries. identified 16 large up 11.85 megabases length, eight which signals evolutionary change, with pronounced frequency shifts historic modern populations. Our results provide compelling evidence underlies contemporary timescales natural

Language: Английский

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