Rapid adaptation in a fast‐changing world: Emerging insights from insect genomics

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 943 - 954

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Many researchers have questioned the ability of biota to adapt rapid anthropogenic environmental shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging genomic evidence for insect evolution in response human pressure. These new data reveal diverse mechanisms (single locus, polygenic, structural shifts; introgression) underpinning adaptive responses a variety selective pressures. While effects some impacts (e.g. pollution; pesticides) been previously documented, here highlight startling evolutionary additional processes such as deforestation. recent findings indicate that assemblages can indeed respond dynamically major challenges. Our synthesis also emphasizes critical roles architecture, standing variation and gene flow maintaining future potential. Broadly, it is clear approaches are essential predicting, monitoring responding ongoing biodiversity shifts fast-changing world.

Language: Английский

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Coupling of Barriers to Gene Exchange: Causes and Consequences

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. a041432 - a041432

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Erik B. Dopman1, Kerry L. Shaw2, Maria R. Servedio3, Roger K. Butlin4,5 and Carole M. Smadja6 1Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA 2Department Neurobiology Behavior, Cornell Ithaca, New York 14853, 3Department University North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Carolina 27599, 4Ecology Evolutionary School Biosciences, The Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom 5Department Marine Sciences, Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden 6Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Montpellier ISEM, Universite Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095, France Correspondence: erik.dopman{at}tufts.edu

Language: Английский

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Seasonal specialization drives divergent population dynamics in two closely related butterflies

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 20, 2023

Abstract Seasons impose different selection pressures on organisms through contrasting environmental conditions. How such seasonal evolutionary conflict is resolved in whose lives span across seasons remains underexplored. Through field experiments, laboratory work, and citizen science data analyses, we investigate this question using two closely related butterflies ( Pieris rapae P. napi ). Superficially, the appear highly ecologically similar. Yet, reveal that their fitness partitioned differently seasons. have higher population growth during summer season but lower overwintering success than do . We show these differences correspond to physiology behavior of butterflies. outperform at high temperatures several traits, reflected microclimate choice by ovipositing wild females. Instead, winter mortality conclude difference dynamics between driven specialization, manifested as strategies maximize gains minimize harm adverse seasons, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both

Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(8), P. 1849 - 1867

Published: July 12, 2022

Quantifying the frequency of shifts to new host plants within diverse clades specialist herbivorous insects is critically important understand whether and how contribute origin species. Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) comprise a tribe ∼1000 species phytophagous that induce formation on various organs trees in family Fagacae-primarily oaks (genus Quercus; ∼435 sp.). The association oak with ancient (∼50 my), most are galled by one or more wasp Despite diversity both their plant associations, previous phylogenetic work has not identified strong signal shifting among been found other insect systems. However, emphasis Western Palearctic Nearctic where considerably rich. We collected 86 from major sequenced >1000 Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs) flanking sequences infer phylogenies. assessed relationships another and, leveraging previously published UCE data, fauna. then used phylogenies historical patterns tree organs. Our results indicate have moved between at least four times, some proximate Nearctic, shifted sections, subsections, often than data suggested. Given demonstrated drive reproductive isolation host-associated populations insects, our analyses suggest key drivers speciation this clade, especially hotspots diversity. Although formal assessment hypothesis requires further study, two putatively oligophagous dataset show signals genetic differentiation unconfounded geographic distance, suggestive barriers gene flow associated use alternative plants.

Language: Английский

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Testing the potential contribution ofWolbachiato speciation when cytoplasmic incompatibility becomes associated with host‐related reproductive isolation

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(10), P. 2935 - 2950

Published: Aug. 29, 2021

Endosymbiont-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) may play an important role in arthropod speciation. However, whether CI consistently becomes associated or coupled with other host-related forms of reproductive isolation (RI) to impede the transfer endosymbionts between hybridizing populations and further divergence process remains open question. Here, we show that varying degrees pre- postmating RI exist among allopatric two interbreeding cherry-infesting tephritid fruit flies (Rhagoletis cingulata R. indifferens) across North America. These display allochronic sexual populations, as well unidirectional reductions egg hatch hybrid crosses involving southwestern USA males. All are infected by a Wolbachia strain, wCin2, whereas second wCin3, only co-infects from southwest Mexico. Strain wCin3 is unique mitochondrial DNA haplotype RI, implicating strain cause CI. When nonendosymbiont barriers, estimate strength would not prevent introgressing uninfected elsewhere if were come into secondary contact hybridize. In contrast, cytoplasmic-nuclear coupling Mexican contact. We discuss our results context general paucity examples demonstrating stable zones spread taxa can be constrained natural long enough for endosymbiont participate

Language: Английский

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The Build-Up of Population Genetic Divergence along the Speciation Continuum during a Recent Adaptive Radiation of Rhagoletis Flies

Genes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 275 - 275

Published: Jan. 30, 2022

New species form through the evolution of genetic barriers to gene flow between previously interbreeding populations. The understanding how speciation proceeds is hampered by our inability follow cases incipient time. Comparative approaches examining different diverging taxa may offer limited inferences, unless they fulfill criteria that make comparisons relevant. Here, we test for those in a recent adaptive radiation Rhagoletis pomonella group (RPSG) hypothesized have diverged sympatry via adaptation host fruits. We use large-scale population survey 1568 flies across 33 populations to: (1) detect on-going hybridization, (2) determine whether RPSG derived from same proximate ancestor, and (3) examine patterns clustering differentiation among sympatric find divergence each in-group taxon occurring under current flow, members are nested within large pool variation present hawthorn-infesting R. pomonella, pairs differ markedly their degree genotypic loci. conclude provides particularly robust opportunity direct hypotheses about ecological despite flow.

Language: Английский

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The genomic landscape of adaptation to a new host plant

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2023

Abstract Adaptation to novel ecological niches is known be rapid. However, how the loci underlying divergence are coupled traits reproductively isolating populations, ultimately enabling formation of persistent species, remains a consequential question in speciation research. Here, we investigated genomic differences underpinning colonization new niche and two partly sympatric host races Tephritis conura peacock flies. We took advantage independent zones west east Baltic Sea, where plant specialists using thistle species Cirsium heterophyllum C. oleraceum co-occur, address what regions genome maintain parallel. Using genome-wide association, differentiation statistics, identified large, highly divergent region associated with use among western eastern populations. Within this region, unique haplotypes each race, indicative large inversion, adding growing body evidence that structural changes important for adaptations persist face gene flow. further showed strong signatures selection especially populations derived specialist race. The also had reduced introgression, while rest signs extensive Genes within differentiated windows putative inversion were not only enriched functions involved adaptation, including phenology metabolic responses different metabolites plants, but gametogenesis, fertilization embryological development, all which suggest sequence could have consequences on reproductive isolation between races. In conclusion, study suggests may facilitate races, speciation,

Language: Английский

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The role of sexual isolation during rapid ecological divergence: Evidence for a new dimension of isolation in Rhagoletis pomonella

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 882 - 892

Published: May 13, 2023

The pace of divergence and likelihood speciation often depends on how when different types reproductive barriers evolve. Questions remain about isolation evolves after initial divergence. We tested for the presence sexual (reduced mating between populations due to divergent preferences traits) in Rhagoletis pomonella flies, a model system incipient ecological speciation. measured strength two very recently diverged (~170 generations) sympatric populations, adapted host fruits (hawthorn apple). found that flies from both were more likely mate within than populations. Thus, may play an important role reducing gene flow allowed by early-acting barriers. also warmer temperatures predicted under climate change could alter was markedly asymmetric - apple males hawthorn females mated randomly while between. Our findings provide window into early process divergence, addition examining environmental conditions shape further

Language: Английский

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Crowd-sourced observations of a polyphagous moth reveal evidence of allochronic speciation varying along a latitudinal gradient

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. e0288415 - e0288415

Published: July 13, 2023

Allochronic speciation, where reproductive isolation between populations of a species is facilitated by difference in timing, depends on abiotic factors such as seasonality and biotic diapause intensity. These are strongly influenced latitudinal trends climate, so we hypothesized that there relationship latitude divergence among separated life history timing. Hyphantria cunea (the fall webworm), lepidopteran defoliator with red black colour morphs, to be experiencing an incipient allochronic speciation. However, given their broad geographic range, the strength speciation may vary across latitude. We annotated >11,000 crowd-sourced observations webworm model distribution, phenology, differences phenotype morphs North America. found morph timing differs America, phenology diverges more warmer climates at lower latitudes. also some evidence latitudes, suggesting reduced gene flow morphs. Our results demonstrate latitudes increase insects, sympatric can along gradient. This has implications for our understanding broad-scale events global biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2022

Quantifying the frequency of shifts to new host plants within diverse clades specialist herbivorous insects is critically important understand whether and how contribute origin species. Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) comprise a tribe ~1000 species phytophagous that induce formation on various organs trees in family Fagacae, — primarily oaks (genus Quercus ; ~435 sp). The association oak with ancient (~50 my), most are galled by one or more wasp Despite diversity both their plant associations, previous phylogenetic work has not identified strong signal shifting among wasps. However, emphasis been Western Palearctic Nearctic where considerably rich phylogenetically diverse. We collected 86 from 10 14 major sequenced >1000 Ultra Conserved Elements (UCEs) flanking sequences infer phylogenies. assessed relationships another and, leveraging previously published UCE data, fauna. then used phylogenies historical patterns tree organs. Our results indicate have moved between at least four times, some proximate Nearctic, shifted sections, subsections, often than analysis data suggested. Given demonstrated drive reproductive isolation host-associated populations other insects, our analyses suggest key drivers speciation this clade, especially hotspots diversity. Though formal assessment hypothesis requires further study, two putatively oligophagous dataset show signals genetic differentiation unconfounded geographic distance, suggestive barriers gene flow associated use alternative plants.

Language: Английский

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