Genetic Signatures of Contrasted Outbreak Histories of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”, the Bacterium That Causes Citrus Huanglongbing, in Three Outermost Regions of the European Union

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT In an era of trade globalization and climate change, crop pathogens pests are a genuine threat to food security. The detailed characterization emerging pathogen populations is prerequisite for managing invasive species pathways designing sustainable disease control strategies. Huanglongbing the that causes most damage citrus, ranks #1 worldwide in terms fruit production. can be caused by three phloem‐limited alpha‐proteobacterium, “ Candidatus Liberibacter,” which transmitted psyllids. Two these bacteria highest concern, Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” africanus,” have distinct thermal optima. These unculturable, complicates their high‐throughput genetic characterization. present study, we used several genotyping techniques extensive sample collection characterize associated with emergence huanglongbing French outermost regions European Union (Guadeloupe, Martinique Réunion). outbreaks were primarily asiaticus,” as africanus” was only found at single location Réunion. We emphasize low diversity high relatedness between samples from Guadeloupe Martinique, suggests putative movement two islands and/or independent introduction closely related strains. markedly different Réunion, where higher revealed tandem‐repeat markers probably overlooked years before being officially identified 2015. show occurs sea level altitude 950 m above lacks spatial structure. This pathogen's medium‐ long‐distance movement. also suggest backyard trees acted relays spread. discuss implications population biology data surveillance management this threatful disease.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Epidemiology Consequences of Trait-Dependent Control of Heterogeneous Parasites

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 202(5), P. E130 - E146

Published: June 1, 2023

AbstractDisease control can induce both demographic and evolutionary responses in host-parasite systems. Foreseeing the outcome of therefore requires knowledge eco-evolutionary feedback between system. Previous work has assumed that strategies have a homogeneous effect on parasite population. However, this is not true when targets those traits confer to heterogeneous levels resistance, which additionally be related other key through trade-offs. In work, we develop minimal model coupling epidemiological dynamics explore possible trait-dependent effects strategies. particular, consider expressing continuous trait-determining resource exploitation treatment either positively or negatively correlated with trait. We demonstrate potential by considering decision maker may want minimize damage caused disease use treatment, due environmental economic costs. identify efficient showing optimal type depends amount applied. Our results pave way for study based constraints, such as collateral sensitivity resistance costs, are receiving increasing attention public health agricultural purposes.

Language: Английский

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Durable resistance or efficient disease control? Adult Plant Resistance (APR) at the heart of the dilemma

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: May 12, 2023

Adult plant resistance (APR) is an incomplete and delayed protection of plants against pathogens. At first glance, such should be less efficient than classical major-effect genes, which confer complete from seedling stage, to reduce epidemics. However, by allowing some 'leaky' levels disease, APR genes are predicted more durable major because they exert a weaker selection pressure on pathogens towards adaptation resistance. the impact partial efficiency mode action evolutionary epidemiological outcomes deployment has never been tested. Using demogenetic, spatially explicit, temporal, stochastic model landsepi, this study attempt investigate how efficiency, age at time activation target pathogenicity trait jointly durability disease control landscape scale. Our numerical experiments explore in simulated agricultural landscape, alone or together with gene. As case study, mathematical parameterised for rust fungi (genus Puccinia) cereal crops, extensive data available. simulations confirm that weak applied their propensity overcome resistance, but do not effective protection. On other hand, stronger (which increase pathogen) may quickly have potential provide short-term. This attributed strong competition between different pathogen genotypes presence fitness costs adaptation, especially when deployed gene via crop mixtures rotations.

Language: Английский

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