The role of rivers in the origin and future of Amazonian biodiversity

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The rich biodiversity of Amazonia is shaped geographically and ecologically by its rivers their cycles seasonal flooding. Anthropogenic effects, such as deforestation, infrastructure development extreme climatic events, threaten the ecological processes sustaining Amazonian ecosystems. In this Review, we explore coupled evolution associated with terrestrial seasonally flooded environments, integrating geological, climatic, genetic evidence. fluvial environments are highly heterogeneous, drainage system historically dynamic continually evolving; a result, discharge, sediment load strength barriers to biotic dispersal has changed through time. Ecological affinities taxa, rearrangements variations in riverine landscape caused past climate changes have mediated high diversity found modern-day Amazonia. connected history region's provides fundamental information for mitigating current future impacts. However, incomplete knowledge about species taxonomy, distributions, habitat use, interactions occurrence patterns limits our understanding. Partnerships Indigenous peoples local communities, who close ties land natural resources, key improving generation dissemination, enabling better impact assessments, monitoring management systems at risk from evolving pressures. features biodiverse range organisms habitats. This Review explores geological characteristics role shaping region.

Language: Английский

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Amazonian birds in more dynamic habitats have less population genetic structure and higher gene flow

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(9), P. 2186 - 2205

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Understanding the factors that govern variation in genetic structure across species is key to study of speciation and population genetics. Genetic has been linked several aspects life history, such as foraging strategy, habitat association, migration distance, dispersal ability, all which might influence gene flow. Comparative studies data from with differing histories provide opportunities tease apart role shaping flow structure. Here, we examine sets bird specialized on a series Amazonian types hypothesized filter for dramatically different abilities: stable upland forest, dynamic floodplain highly riverine islands. Using genome-wide markers, show type significant effect structure, islands exhibiting progressively lower levels Although morphological traits used proxies individual-level ability did not explain this pattern, measures are elevated more habitats. Our results suggest occurs drives degree structuring via its impact long-term fluctuations flow, habitats having particularly These differences taxa distinct may lead disparate responses environmental change or habitat-specific diversification dynamics over evolutionary time scales.A compreensão dos fatores que governam variação da estrutura genética entre espécies é fundamental para o estudo especiação e das populações. A tem sido ligada vários aspectos história vida, tais como estratégia de forrageio, associação ao habitat, distância migração capacidade dispersão, os quais poderiam influenciar dispersão fluxo gênico. Estudos comparativos usando diferem nas suas histórias vida oferecem uma oportunidade desvendar papel no estabelecimento do gênico população. Aqui examinamos dados genéticos populacionais diversas aves com diferentes capacidades especializadas em três amazônicos, incluindo florestas terra-firme, várzea ilhas fluviais, cujos ambientes ripários são altamente dinâmicos. Utilizando genômicos incluem milhares loci, mostramos tipo um efeito significativo na estruturação populações; fluviais exibem níveis progressivamente menores. Embora traços morfológicos frequentemente usados indicadores nível individual não expliquem este padrão, medidas genéticas altas associadas ribeirinhos mais Nossos resultados sugerem qual espécie encontrada determina grau população através seu impacto flutuações longo prazo gênico, dinâmicos tendo particularmente alto. As diferenças táxons especializados podem resultar respostas díspares às mesmas mudanças ambientais, ou dinâmicas diversificação específicas determinado escalas tempo evolutivas.Comprender los factores rigen la variación estructura especies es clave el estudio especiación y poblaciones. La se ha relacionado con varios historia vital, estrategia búsqueda alimento, asociación hábitats, distancia migración capacidad dispersión, todos ellos podrían influir en dispersión flujo genético. Los estudios datos poblacionales historias vitales ofrecen oportunidad desentrañar conformación del genético poblacional. En trabajo poblaciones una serie hábitats amazónicos que, según hipótesis, filtran radicalmente diferentes: bosques estables tierras altas, dinámicos llanuras aluviales islas fluviales dinámicas. marcadores genómicos, demostramos hábitat tiene un efecto población, las inundables presentan niveles progresivamente más bajos. Aunque rasgos utilizados explican patrón, son elevadas dinámicos. Nuestros sugieren encuentra especie grado estructuración población través su fluctuaciones largo plazo genético, siendo muy elevado. Estas diferencias taxones distintos pueden dar lugar respuestas dispares al cambio ambiental dinámicas diversificación hbitat lo temporales evolutivas.

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The role of biogeographical barriers on the historical dynamics of passerine birds with a circum‐Amazonian distribution

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Common distributional patterns have provided the foundations of our knowledge Neotropical biogeography. A distinctive pattern is “circum‐Amazonian distribution”, which surrounds Amazonia across forested lowlands south and east basin, Andean foothills, Venezuelan Coastal Range, Tepuis. The underlying evolutionary biogeographical mechanisms responsible for this widespread avian distribution yet to be elucidated. Here, we test effects barriers in four species passerine family Thamnophilidae by performing comparative demographic analyses genome‐scale data. Specifically, used flanking regions ultraconserved estimate population historical parameters genealogical trees tested models reflecting contrasting scenarios explaining circum‐Amazonian distribution. We found that taxa with at least two main phylogeographical clusters: (1) Andes, often extending into Central America Tepuis; (2) remaining their These clusters are connected through corridors along Chaco–Cerrado southeastern Amazonia, allowing gene flow between eastern South American populations. Demographic histories consistent Pleistocene climatic fluctuations having a strong influence on diversification history taxa, Refugia played crucial role, enabling both phenotypic genetic differentiation, maintaining substantial interconnectedness keep considerable levels during different dry/cool warm/humid periods. Additionally, steep environmental gradients appear play critical role structure.

Language: Английский

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The influence of the forest corridors to the north of the Andes on the diversification of the bright‐rumped Attila, Attila spadiceus (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae), during the climatic oscillations of the middle Pleistocene

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract This study aims to enhance our understanding of the temporal and spatial processes scales governing evolutionary diversification Neotropical birds with Trans‐ Cis‐Andean populations species Attila spadiceus from South Central America. Through a multilocus analysis mitochondrial (CytB ND2) nuclear genes (I7BF, I5BF, G3PDH) 41 samples representing six subspecies, we describe existing molecular lineages A. , estimate their demographic dynamics. We used Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) different algorithms predict potential distribution in both present‐day past scenarios, examining overlap climatic niche between Cis‐ Trans‐Andean lineages. The confirms relatively recent divergence lineages, at approximately 0.25 million years ago (Ma). modeling supports existence dynamic scenario expansion retraction forest corridors northwestern America during last glaciation. suggests that earlier orogenesis Andes was not primary determinant this dichotomy. Additionally, population dynamics indicated trend increasing size starting 0.05 Ma for Our findings highlight significance Pleistocene Forest north as key factor maintaining communication before separation likely associated forest. absence any significant differentiation disjunct Amazonian Atlantic populations, part lineage. phylogeographic profile diverges patterns observed other birds, which emphasizes need further research on role northern drivers diversification, provide comprehensive insights into led formation region's avian diversity.

Language: Английский

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Population Dynamics and Evolutionary History of the Genus Sakesphorus (Aves:Thamnophillidae) in the Amazonian Floodplains

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Population-level mitogenomes of Hemitriccus obsoletus (Aves: Rhynchocyclidae), an endemism of a Neotropical biodiversity hotspot

Ornithology Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: May 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Population genetic consequences of the seasonal migrations of birds

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 2, 2024

Abstract Differences in life history can cause co-distributed species to display discordant population genetic patterns. In high-latitude animals, evolutionary processes may be especially influenced by long-distance seasonal migration, a widespread adaptation seasonality. Although migratory movements are intuitively linked dispersal, their consequences remain poorly understood. Using ∼1700 genomes from 35 boreal-breeding bird species, we reveal that most migrants exhibit spatial structure, revealing effects of philopatry rather than dispersal. We further demonstrate migration distance and diversity strongly positively correlated our study species. This striking relationship suggests the adaptive shifts biogeography undergo each year lends them enhanced stability preserves relative shorter-distance winter at higher latitudes. Our results suggest major impact on evolution occurs through promotion demographic stability, facilitation

Language: Английский

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An Elevational Phylogeographic Diversity Gradient in Neotropical Birds Is Decoupled from Speciation Rates

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 203(3), P. 362 - 381

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

AbstractA key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial variation in genetic differentiation underlie geographical gradients rates? Previous work suggests that increase with elevation Neotropical birds, but underlying population-level remain unexplored. Here, we characterize elevational phylogeographic diversity between montane and lowland birds megadiverse Andes-Amazonian system assess its relationship to evaluate link species-level diversification. We aggregated georeferenced nearly 7,000 mitochondrial DNA sequences across 103 species or complexes Andes Amazonia used these describe both regions. Our results show increased levels of discrete continuous metrics structure Andean mountains compared Amazonian lowlands. However, higher do not predict our dataset. Multiple potential factors may lead observed decoupling initial divergence rates, including ephemerality incipient multifaceted nature process, as well methodological challenges associated estimating speciation.

Language: Английский

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Ephemeral river islands serve as roosting and foraging habitat for boreal and austral migratory songbirds

Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Habitat specialization predicts demographic response and vulnerability of floodplain birds in Amazonia

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(3)

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Abstract The annual flooding cycle of Amazonian rivers sustains the largest floodplains on Earth, which harbour a unique bird community. Recent studies suggest that habitat specialization drove different patterns population structure and gene flow in floodplain birds. However, lack direct estimate affinity prevents proper test its effects histories. In this work, we used occurrence data, satellite images genomic data (ultra‐conserved elements) from 24 species specialized variety seasonally flooded environments to classify affinities influence evolutionary histories We demonstrate birds with higher river islands dynamic have gone through more recent demographic expansion currently less genetic diversity than generalist Our results indicate there is an intrinsic relationship between environmental dynamics, influencing structure, history diversity. Within floodplains, historical landscape changes had severe impacts island specialists, making them vulnerable current future anthropogenic changes, as those imposed by hydroelectric dams Amazon Basin.

Language: Английский

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