From threats to solutions: A literature review of climate adaptation in anadromous salmon and trout

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Understanding the evolutionary responses of anadromous salmon and trout to climate change is critical for effective conservation planning. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review literature published from 2010 2020 synthesize current knowledge on impacts these fish populations. Specifically, focused 199 papers that explored processes in response changing environmental conditions. Our analysis revealed several key themes, including interwoven influences human activities genetic variation, phenotypic traits, population dynamics. We found geographic patterns diversity are closely linked climatic gradients, highlighting importance strategies variation existing adaptive capacity. Additionally, temporal trends phenology, maturation age, fecundity indicate ongoing plastic change. Importantly, were identified as significant drivers maladaptation emphasize need targeted monitoring specific mitigate loss enhance study underscores identifying protecting areas high rare genes, particularly regions projected experience rapid shifts. conclusion, our findings identify strengths gaps research investigating role dynamics face By capitalizing new tools sequencing, genomic analysis, automated field data collection, can establish baselines tracking Better integration into projections future will lead more ensure long‐term resilience iconic species other wildlife.

Language: Английский

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The Genomics Revolution in Nonmodel Species: Predictions vs. Reality for Salmonids

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

ABSTRACT The increasing feasibility of whole‐genome sequencing has been highly anticipated, promising to transform our understanding the biology nonmodel species. Notably, dramatic cost reductions beginning around 2007 with advent high‐throughput inspired publications heralding ‘genomics revolution’, predictions about its future impacts. Although such served as useful guideposts, value is added when statements are evaluated benefit hindsight. Here, we review 10 key made early in genomics revolution, highlighting those realised while identifying challenges limiting others. We focus on concerning applied aspects and examples involving salmonid species which, due their socioeconomic ecological significance, have frontrunners applications Predicted outcomes included enhanced analytical power, deeper insights into genetic basis phenotype fitness variation, disease management breeding program advancements. many materialised, several expectations remain unmet technological, knowledge barriers. Additionally, largely unforeseen advancements, including identification applicability large‐effect loci, close‐kin mark–recapture, environmental DNA gene editing under‐anticipated value. Finally, emerging innovations artificial intelligence bioinformatics offer new directions. This retrospective evaluation impacts genomic revolution offers for

Language: Английский

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Vgll3 regulates the timing of puberty in farmed Atlantic salmon, but it does not explain family discordance in male maturation following different smolt production regimes

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 593, P. 741307 - 741307

Published: July 3, 2024

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming is moving towards extended periods of land-based production to minimise the time at sea, but this increases risk unwanted male sexual maturation. As timing puberty driven by genetics (e.g. vgll3) and environment, optimising rearing strategies broodstock management may help alleviate problem. Subsequently, we used a domesticated strain vgll3 heterozygous produce three all-male half-sibling families using different regimes assess first puberty. Firstly, "large smolts" were produced in flow-through system on 13 °C freshwater constant light from feeding (day 0) up 1 kg 354). The mean incidence pubertal males increased 2% 30 g, 78% kg. Genetics explained significant (p < 0.05) amount variation, with 93, 71, 34% expected early, intermediate, late maturing genotypes being day 354, respectively. In addition, early genotype found sampling ≈30 while it was not observed until fish ≈90 g ≈280 Secondly, "post-smolts" switching half large smolts seawater 420 272) growing them tanks 0.95 This led 14% reduction total 354 compared smolts. However, regulation did interact salinity. Thirdly, traditional "under-yearling" natural or manipulated temperature photoperiod, followed transfer sea-cage 150 December 290) where they stayed for one year harvest 4.75 648). None these mature sea transfer, 9% harvest, 22, 7, mature, When comparing regimes, family effects outside prevalence maturation (family means 46 93% 354), sea-cages 7 11% 648) evidence either allele dominant mixed. Vgll3 also had minimal body size/growth any regime/family. conclusion, i) selecting an effective method delay over range ii) consistent across iii) reduced precocious during production.

Language: Английский

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Food Quality and Life‐History Genotype Influence Maturation and Reproductive Traits in Female Atlantic Salmon

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Age at maturity is an important life-history trait, often showing sex-specific variation, contributing to diversity in many species. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are excellent model system investigate genetic and environmental factors affecting maturation, yet few laboratory studies have focused on females as they mature later than males, average. Using a 4-year common-garden experiment of salmon, we assessed the influence diet (low-fat vs. control) vgll3 (a candidate gene influencing maturation age) related phenotypic traits female derived from two second-generation hatchery populations. We found early-maturation associated E allele be additively with higher probability maturation. Heritability was estimated 0.295, vgll3's contribution variance being ~2%. In addition, body condition measured spring prior spawning influenced Body condition, turn, by population diet. The more northern Oulu low-fat were lower compared southern Neva control Moreover, there interaction between suggesting that populations may respond differently nutrient availability. These results broaden our understanding processes underlying sex- population-specific demonstrate genes environment age species displays variation

Language: Английский

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Mitigating Genotype–Environment Interaction Effects in a Genetic Improvement Program for Liptopenaeus vannamei

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1855 - 1855

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

The genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E) might have crucial impacts on the performance and fitness of agricultural species, such as Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study explores how enhancements in management practices can counteract G E effects growth traits. We analyzed a selectively bred population spanning latest two generations, encompassing 259 full-sib half-sib families with 40,862 individual shrimp, measured for body weight total length. Our analysis revealed moderate genetic correlations (0.60–0.65) between trait expressions pond tank environments, significant improvement compared to earlier generations. Employing average information-restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach mixed model showed differences heritability (h2) estimates environments; however, extent these varied by (h2 = 0.68 vs. 0.37 weight, 0.41 0.67 length). results indicate that traits this L. vannamei were but biologically significant. Consistent our previous population, length remained high (close one) environments. present findings collectively demonstrate improvements targeting stocking density, aeration, water quality, feeds, feeding regimes mitigated economically shrimp.

Language: Английский

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Food quality andvgll3genotype influence reproductive traits in female Atlantic salmon

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Abstract Age at maturity is an important factor contributing to life-history diversity. In Atlantic salmon, this trait often shows sex-specific variation, but female salmon are seldom included in experimental studies of maturation. As a result, there gap our knowledge how different genetic and environmental factors affect Using 4-year common-garden experiment, we assessed the influence diet (low-fat vs. control) vgll3 (a candidate gene genomic region known age salmon) on maturation related phenotypic traits from two 2 nd- generation hatchery populations. We found early-maturation-associated vgll3* E allele be associated with higher probability Heritability was estimated 0.295 ’s contribution variance being ∼2%. addition, both body size condition measured spring prior spawning influenced Body condition, turn, by population diet. The northern Oulu low-fat were lower compared southern Neva control Moreover, interaction between suggesting that populations may respond differently nutrient availability. These results broaden understanding processes underlying demonstrate genes environment interact shape salmon.

Language: Английский

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