A plant cell death-inducing protein from litchi interacts with Peronophythora litchii pectate lyase and enhances plant resistance

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Cell wall degrading enzymes, including pectate lyases (PeLs), released by plant pathogens, break down protective barriers and/or activate host immunity. The direct interactions between PeLs and immune-related proteins remain unclear. We identify two PeLs, PlPeL1 PlPeL1-like, critical for full virulence of Peronophythora litchii on litchi ( Litchi chinensis ). These enhance susceptibility to oomycete pathogens in a PeL enzymatic activity-dependent manner. However, LcPIP1, immune regulator secreted litchi, binds PlPeL1/PlPeL1-like, attenuates PlPeL1/PlPeL1-like induced Phytophthora capsici . LcPIP1 also induces cell death various responses Nicotiana benthamiana Conserved plants, homologs bear conserved “VDMASG” motif exhibit immunity-inducing activity. Furthermore, SERK3 interacts with is required LcPIP1-induced death. NbPIP1 participates triggered the PAMP protein INF1. In summary, our study reveals dual roles plant-pathogen interactions: enhancing pathogen through activity while being targeted thus

Language: Английский

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An RXLR effector PlAvh142 from Peronophythora litchii triggers plant cell death and contributes to virulence

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 415 - 428

Published: Jan. 7, 2020

Litchi downy blight, caused by the phytopathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii, results in tremendous economic loss litchi production every year. To successfully colonize host cell, Phytophthora species secret hundreds of RXLR effectors that interfere with plant immunity and facilitate infection process. Previous work has already predicted 245 candidate effector-encoding genes P. 212 which have been cloned tested for cell death-inducing activity this study. We found three such could trigger death through transient expression Nicotiana benthamiana. Further experiments demonstrated PlAvh142 induce immune responses several plants. also localized both cytoplasm nucleus cells. The cytoplasmic localization was critical its activity. Moreover, deletion either two internal repeats abolished Virus-induced gene silencing assays showed triggered dependent on transduction components RAR1 (require Mla12 resistance), SGT1 (suppressor G2 allele skp1) HSP90 (heat shock protein 90). Finally, knockout resulted significantly attenuated litchii virulence plants, whereas PlAvh142-overexpressed mutants were more aggressive. These data indicated be recognized is an important effector litchii.

Language: Английский

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A SPX domain‐containing phosphate transporter from Rhizophagus irregularis handles phosphate homeostasis at symbiotic interface of arbuscular mycorrhizas

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(2), P. 650 - 671

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

Reciprocal symbiosis of > 70% terrestrial vascular plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provides the fatty acids and sugars. In return, AM facilitate plant phosphate (Pi) uptake from soil. However, how handle Pi transport homeostasis at symbiotic interface is poorly understood. Here, we identify an SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) domain-containing transporter, RiPT7 Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize combined subcellular localization heterologous expression studies in yeasts reverse genetics approaches during planta phase. The results show that conserved across fungal species expressed intraradical mycelia. It arbuscules, hyphae vesicles, independently availability. plasma membrane-localized facilitates bidirectional transport, depending on gradient membrane, whereas domain inhibits activity mediates vacuolar targeting yeast response to starvation. Importantly, silencing hampers arbuscule development R. irregularis delivery under medium- low-Pi conditions. Collectively, our findings reveal a role for fine-tuning membrane maintain development.

Language: Английский

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Host‐ and virus‐induced gene silencing of HOG1‐MAPK cascade genes in Rhizophagus irregularis inhibit arbuscule development and reduce resistance of plants to drought stress

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 866 - 883

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form beneficial associations with the most terrestrial vascular plant species. AM not only facilitate nutrient acquisition but also enhance tolerance to various environmental stresses such as drought stress. However, molecular mechanisms by which fungal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades mediate host adaptation stimulus remains be investigated. Recently, many studies have shown that virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and host-induced (HIGS) strategies are used for functional of fungi. Here, we identify three HOG1 (High Osmolarity Glycerol 1)-MAPK cascade genes RiSte11, RiPbs2 RiHog1 from Rhizophagus irregularis. The expression levels HOG1-MAPK significantly increased in roots Astragalus sinicus under severe was predominantly localized nucleus yeast response 1 M sorbitol treatment, interacts RiSte11 or directly pull-down assay. Importantly, VIGS HIGS hampers arbuscule development decreases relative water content plants during symbiosis. Moreover, led decreased drought-resistant (RiAQPs, RiTPSs, RiNTH1 Ri14-3-3) symbiont Taken together, this study demonstrates inhibits

Language: Английский

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Litchi aspartic protease LcAP1 enhances plant resistance via suppressing cell death triggered by the pectate lyase PlPeL8 from Peronophythora litchii

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(6), P. 2682 - 2701

Published: April 15, 2024

Summary Plant cell death is regulated in plant–pathogen interactions. While some aspartic proteases (APs) participate regulating programmed or defense responses, the functions of most APs remain largely unknown. Here, we report on a virulence factor, PlPeL8, which pectate lyase found hemibiotrophic pathogen Peronophythora litchii . Through vivo and vitro assays, confirmed interaction between PlPeL8 LcAP1 from litchi, identified as positive regulator plant immunity. induced associated with NbSOBIR1 NbMEK2. The 11 conserved residues were essential for inducing enhancing susceptibility. Twenty‐three LcAPs suppressed by Nicotiana benthamiana depending their PlPeL8. N‐terminus was required inhibiting PlPeL8‐triggered Furthermore, led to higher susceptibility NbAPs ‐silenced N. than GUS ‐control. Our results indicate crucial roles its homologs resistance via suppression triggered represents promising target engineering disease resistance. study provides new insights into role arms race plants pathogens.

Language: Английский

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A Cas12a‐based gene editing system for Phytophthora infestans reveals monoallelic expression of an elicitor

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 737 - 752

Published: March 16, 2021

Abstract Phytophthora infestans is a destructive pathogen of potato and model for investigations oomycete biology. The successful application CRISPR gene editing system to P . so far unreported. We discovered that it difficult express CRISPR/Cas9 but not catalytically inactive form in transformants, suggesting the active nuclease toxic. were able achieve with CRISPR/Cas12a using vectors which its guide RNA expressed from single transcript. Using elicitor Inf1 as target, we observed one or both alleles up 13% transformants. Editing was more efficient when processing relied on Cas12a direct repeat instead ribozyme sequences. INF1 protein made edited same transformant, surprisingly also only allele altered. isolate used editing, 1306, exhibited monoallelic expression due insertion copia ‐like element promoter allele. exhibits features retrotransposons, including target site duplication, long terminal repeats, an intact polyprotein reading frame. occurred often transcribed allele, presumably differences chromatin structure. provides tool modifying genes , other members genus by expanding number editable sites. Our work highlights natural mechanism remodels genomes.

Language: Английский

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FoQDE2-dependent milRNA promotes Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense virulence by silencing a glycosyl hydrolase coding gene expression

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. e1010157 - e1010157

Published: May 5, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate protein-coding gene expression primarily found in plants and animals. Fungi produce microRNA-like (milRNAs) structurally similar to miRNAs functionally important various biological processes. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense ( Foc ) is the causal agent of Banana vascular wilt threatens global banana production. It remains uncharacterized about biosynthesis functions milRNAs . In this study, we investigated function contributing pathogenesis. Within 24 hours post infecting host, Argonaute coding FoQDE2 , two Dicer genes FoDCL1 FoDCL2 all which involved milRNA biosynthesis, were significantly induced. deletion mutant exhibited decreased virulence, suggesting involvement By RNA sequencing, identified 364 RNA-producing loci genome, 25 down-regulated mutant, from milR-87 was verified as a FoQDE2-depedent based on qRT-PCR Northern blot analysis. Compared wild-type, reduced while overexpression enhanced disease severity, confirming crucial for virulence infection process. We furthermore FOIG_15013 (a glycosyl hydrolase-coding gene) direct target FOIG_15013-GFP fusion protein. displayed phenotypes with dramatic increase growth, conidiation virulence. Transient Nicotiana benthamiana leaves activates host defense responses. Collectively, study documents manifestation devastating fungal banana, demonstrates importance pathogenesis other Further analyses regulation may offer novel strategy combat diseases.

Language: Английский

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Screening of effective biocontrol agents against postharvest litchi downy blight caused by Peronophythora litchii

Postharvest Biology and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 198, P. 112249 - 112249

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Biocontrol agents (BCAs) could be used for the control of postharvest decay fruit. In this study, biocontrol bacteria were isolated from litchi soil, leaves and fruit tissues, their efficacy on downy blight, caused by Peronophythora litchii, determined. After evaluating ability 188 bacterial isolates to produce certain enzymes metabolites, antagonistic activity in vitro against P. as well preliminary identification 82 representative based 16 S rDNA sequencing, five including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PP19 LI24, Exiguobacterium acetylicum SI17, B. pumilus PI26, licheniformis HS10 selected further assessments several trials 2016 2017. comparison with treatment, PP19, SI17 PI26 delay disease development blight. Furthermore, able colonize pericarp without affecting quality. Additionally, colonization changed microbial community composition demonstrated microbiome sequencing. This is first report an E. acted a BCA phytopathogenic oomycete litchii. We conclude that can effective BCAs especially applied during preharvest stage.

Language: Английский

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Peronophythora litchii RXLR effector P. litchii avirulence homolog 202 destabilizes a host ethylene biosynthesis enzyme

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 193(1), P. 756 - 774

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract Oomycete pathogens can secrete hundreds of effectors into plant cells to interfere with the immune system during infection. Here, we identified a Arg-X-Leu-Arg (RXLR) effector protein from most destructive pathogen litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), Peronophythora litchii, and named it P. litchii avirulence homolog 202 (PlAvh202). PlAvh202 could suppress cell death triggered by infestin 1 or 3a/resistance 3a in Nicotiana benthamiana was essential for virulence. In addition, suppressed responses promoted susceptibility N. Phytophthora capsici. Further research revealed that ethylene (ET) production targeting destabilizing S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS), key enzyme ET biosynthesis pathway, 26S proteasome-dependent manner without affecting its expression. Transient expression LcSAMS3 induced enhanced resistance, whereas inhibition infection, supporting SAMS (LcSAMS) positively regulate immunity toward litchii. Overall, these findings highlight be targeted oomycete RXLR manipulate ET-mediated immunity.

Language: Английский

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A module centered on the transcription factor Msn2 from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis regulates drought stress tolerance in the host plant

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(4), P. 1497 - 1518

Published: June 27, 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form mutualistic endosymbiosis with > 70% of land plants for obtaining fatty acids and sugars, in return, AM promote plant nutrients water acquisition to enhance fitness. However, how orchestrate its own signaling components response drought stress remains elusive. Here, we identify a transcription factor containing C2H2 zinc finger domains, RiMsn2 from Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize the RiMsn2, combined heterologous expression, subcellular localization yeasts, biochemical molecular studies reverse genetics approaches during planta phase. The results indicate that is highly conserved across fungal species induced early stages symbiosis. It significantly upregulated roots under severe conditions. nucleus-localized regulates osmotic homeostasis trehalose contents yeasts. Importantly, gene silencing analyses essential arbuscule formation enhances tolerance stress. Results yeasts experiments suggest RiHog1-RiMsn2-STREs module controls stress-responsive genes symbiont. In conclusion, our findings reveal centered on transcriptional activator fungus host plant.

Language: Английский

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