More
people
around
the
world
now
have
obesity
than
suffer
from
starvation
thanks
to
our
modern
food
system.
Agriculture
was
transformed
over
20th
century
by
a
variety
of
technological
advancements
that
relied
heavily
on
fossil
fuels.
In
United
States
America,
government
policies
and
economic
incentives
led
surplus
production
cheap
inputs
processed
industries
produced
wide
marketed,
convenient,
rewarding,
timesaving,
relatively
inexpensive
ultra-processed
foods.
The
energy
available
in
supply
increased
much
more
population
needs,
albeit
with
large
inequities
distribution
nutrition
security.
While
most
rise
per
capita
availability
during
late
early
21st
centuries
resulted
waste,
mechanisms
been
proposed
which
changes
increasingly
environment
excess
intake
disproportionately
genetically
susceptible
obesity.
As
populations
continue
grow,
substantial
investments
coordinated
agricultural
research
are
needed
transform
current
system
one
relies
less
fuels,
preserves
biodiversity,
ensures
environmental
health,
provides
equitable
access
affordable,
safe,
nutritious
reduces
prevalence
chronic
diseases
like
Current Nutrition Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 23 - 38
Published: Jan. 31, 2024
Abstract
Purpose
of
Review
Obesity
is
a
growing
global
healthcare
concern.
A
proposed
driver
the
recent
increase
in
ultra-processed
food
(UPF)
intake.
However,
disagreement
surrounds
concept
UPF,
strength
evidence,
and
suggested
mechanisms.
Therefore,
this
review
aimed
to
critically
appraise
evidence
on
UPF
obesity.
Recent
Findings
Observational
studies
demonstrate
positive
associations
between
intake,
weight
gain,
overweight/obesity,
more
clearly
adults
than
children/adolescents.
This
supported
by
high-quality
clinical
data.
Several
mechanisms
are
proposed,
but
current
understanding
inconclusive.
Summary
Greater
consumption
has
been
key
There
need
change
obesogenic
environment
support
individuals
reduce
their
The
novel
approach
that
not
explained
with
existing
nutrient-
food-based
frameworks.
Critical
analysis
methodologies
provides
confidence,
future
observational
experimental
research
outputs
greater
methodological
rigor
will
strengthen
findings,
which
outlined.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(15), P. 3393 - 3393
Published: July 30, 2023
Plant-based
foods
are
increasing
in
popularity
as
more
and
people
concerned
about
personal
planetary
health.
The
consumption
of
plant-based
dairy
alternatives
(PBDAs)
has
assumed
a
significant
dietary
role
populations
shifting
to
sustainable
eating
habits.
drinks
(PBDs)
made
from
soya
other
legumes
have
ample
protein
levels.
PBDs
that
appropriately
fortified
adequate
levels
important
vitamins
minerals
comparable
milk.
For
the
examined,
greenhouse
gas
emissions
were
diminished
by
59-71%
per
250
mL,
land
use
eutrophication
impact
was
markedly
less
than
displayed
water
usage
for
oat
drinks,
but
not
rice
substantially
lower
compared
When
one
substitutes
mL
serving
milk
allowed
within
EAT
Lancet
Planetary
Health
Diet
drink,
we
found
nutritional
status
is
compromised
environmental
footprint
reduced.
Combining
nutrient
density
score
with
an
index
can
easily
lead
misclassification
food
when
full
nutrition
profile
utilized
or
only
selection
factors
used.
Many
PBDAs
been
categorized
ultra-processed
(UPFs).
Such
classification,
implied
adverse
health
associations,
inconsistent
current
findings
regarding
quality
such
products
may
discourage
transitioning
diet
its
advantages.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
378(1885)
Published: July 24, 2023
More
people
now
have
obesity
than
suffer
from
starvation
thanks
to
our
modern
food
system.
Agriculture
was
transformed
over
the
20th
century
by
a
variety
of
technological
advancements
that
relied
heavily
on
fossil
fuels.
In
United
States,
government
policies
and
economic
incentives
led
surplus
production
cheap
inputs
processed
industries
produced
wide
marketed,
convenient,
rewarding,
timesaving,
relatively
inexpensive
ultra-processed
foods.
The
energy
available
in
supply
increased
much
more
population
needs,
albeit
with
large
inequities
nutrition
security.
While
most
rise
per
capita
availability
during
late
early
21st
centuries
States
resulted
waste,
mechanisms
been
proposed
which
changes
increasingly
environment
excess
intake
disproportionately
genetically
susceptible
obesity.
As
populations
continue
grow,
substantial
investments
coordinated
agricultural
research
are
needed
transform
current
system
one
relies
less
fuels,
preserves
biodiversity,
ensures
environmental
health,
provides
equitable
access
affordable,
safe
nutritious
reduces
prevalence
chronic
diet-related
diseases
like
This
article
is
part
discussion
meeting
issue
‘Causes
obesity:
theories,
conjectures
evidence
(Part
I)’.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(15), P. 6461 - 6461
Published: July 27, 2023
Global
food
systems
are
a
central
issue
for
personal
and
planetary
health
in
the
Anthropocene.
One
aspect
of
major
concern
is
dramatic
global
spread
ultra-processed
convenience
foods
last
75
years,
which
linked
with
rising
human
burden
disease
growing
sustainability
environmental
challenges.
However,
there
also
calls
to
radically
transform
systems,
from
animal
plant-derived
protein
sources,
may
have
unintended
consequences.
Commercial
entities
moved
toward
this
"great
plant
transition"
vigor.
Whether
motivated
by
profit
or
genuine
concern,
effort
has
facilitated
emergence
novel
"plant-based"
commercial
products
devoid
nutrients
fiber,
sometimes
inclusive
high
sugar,
industrial
fats,
synthetic
additives.
These
other
ingredients
combined
into
often
assumed
be
healthy
lower
calorie
content.
available
evidence
indicates
that
many
these
can
potentially
compromise
at
all
scales-of
people,
places,
planet.
In
viewpoint,
we
summarize
reflect
on
discussions
presented
Nova
Network
meeting
"Future
Food",
had
particular
focus
encroachment
supply,
including
plant-sourced
alternatives
(and
collective
therein)
finding
their
way
fast-food
chains.
We
contend
while
been
much
uncritical
media
attention
given
impact
macronutrient
sources-meat
vs.
soy/pea
burgers,
etc.-the
heavy
processing
both
significant
but
overlooked,
effects
cognition
mental
health.
This
more
nuanced
discourse
considers
complexities
refocuses
priorities
value
towards
mutualistic
solutions,
co-benefits
individuals,
local
communities,
ecology.
Frontiers in Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: July 3, 2024
Processed
foods
have
been
part
of
the
American
diet
for
decades,
with
key
roles
in
providing
a
safe,
available,
affordable,
and
nutritious
food
supply.
The
USDA
Food
Guides
beginning
1916
US
Dietary
Guidelines
Americans
(DGA)
since
1980
included
various
types
commonly
consumed
processed
(e.g.,
heated,
fermented,
dried)
as
their
recommendations.
However,
there
are
multiple
classification
systems
based
on
“level”
processing,
additional
evidence
is
needed
to
establish
specific
properties
classified
“highly”
or
“ultra”-processed
(HPF/UPFs).
Importantly,
many
captured
under
HPF/UPF
definitions,
ranging
from
ready-to-eat
fortified
whole
grain
breakfast
cereals
sugar-sweetened
beverages
baked
goods.
consequences
implementing
dietary
guidance
limit
all
intake
currently
may
require
scrutiny
evaluate
impact
consumers’
ability
meet
daily
nutrient
recommendations
access
affordable
food,
ultimately,
health
outcomes.
Based
meeting
held
by
Institute
Advancement
Nutrition
Sciences
May
2023,
this
paper
provides
perspectives
broad
array
HPF/UPFs
processing
formulation,
including
contributions
patterns,
acceptability,
cost.
Characteristics
UPF/HPFs
considered,
safety
approval
additives
effect
matrix.
Finally,
identifies
information
gaps
research
needs
better
understand
how
affects
nutrition
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
38(1)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Background
Food
processing
converts
fresh
food
into
products
and
is
of
interest
to
nutrition
professionals
including
dietitians
given
emerging
evidence
linking
consumption
'ultra‐processed'
with
health.
Objective
To
explore
dietitians'
professional
practice
around
the
topic
processed
foods
health,
their
perceptions
individual
products.
Methods
An
online
survey
was
developed
evaluate
involvement,
confidence
views
using
a
5‐point
scale
(i.e.,
1
=
never,
5
daily).
Respondents'
three
were
also
obtained,
level
(LoP)
(from
unprocessed
ultra‐processed)
recommended
frequency
(FoC)
avoid
several
times/day).
Eligible
respondents
(UK
dietitians)
recruited
via
British
Dietetic
Association
social
media.
Data
analysed
descriptively.
A
focus
group
held
five
discuss
current
this
topic.
Verbal
data
thematically
analysed.
Results
Survey
(
n
366)
possessed
an
average
13
±
9.8
years
practising
across
various
specialisms.
Most
discussed
(82%)
provided
guidance
on
(77%)
health
monthly
or
more
frequently,
'high'
levels
(61%–59%),
agreed
that
healthy
diets
may
include
(94%)
'highly/ultra'
(71%)
foods.
Perceptions
each
product
varied,
yet
largest
proportion
selected
LoP
FoC
options
for
Tinned
tomatoes:
'minimally
processed'
(54%),
'several
times/week'
(69%);
mycoprotein
mince:
'highly/ultra‐processed'
(57%),
times/month'
(40%);
wholemeal
bread:
'processed'
(46%),
(58%).
Focus
themes
included
uncertainties
in
definitions
ultra‐processed
negative
consumer
processing.
Conclusion
This
first
UK
suggests
dietetic
frequently
involves
role
these
are
varied.
Respondents
range
products,
further
work
now
warranted
support
future
development
practice.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(7), P. 3015 - 3015
Published: March 26, 2025
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
characterized
by
cognitive
decline,
memory
loss,
and
behavioural
changes.
While
genetic
predispositions
pathological
processes
have
been
the
traditional
focus,
this
review
highlights
fundamental
role
of
environmental
factors,
particularly
nutrition,
within
exposome
framework
in
modulating
risk
progression
AD.
The
exposome,
which
includes
totality
exposures
an
individual's
lifetime,
provides
comprehensive
approach
to
understanding
complex
aetiology
In
review,
we
explore
impact
dietary
factors
cyclic
nucleotide
pathways
(cAMP/cGMP)
on
AD,
emphasizing
potential
interventions
as
therapeutic
strategies.
We
investigate
key
aspects
how
nutrition
affects
accumulation
β-amyloid,
aggregation
tau
proteins,
neuroinflammation.
also
examine
specific
nutrients
performance
Additionally,
discuss
nutraceuticals
with
anti-phosphodiesterase
activity
various
animal
models
AD
(such
5xFAD,
3xTg-AD,
Tg2576,
APP/PS1
mice)
demonstrating
effects
onset
progression.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(10), P. 1680 - 1680
Published: May 15, 2025
Background:
Ready-to-eat
cereals
(RTECs)
are
a
large,
heterogeneous
category
of
designed
to
fit
into
busy
lifestyles
with
minimal
preparation
time.
Methods:
This
systematic
review
evaluated
nutrient
intake
data
from
seven
national
surveys.
Using
PubMed
and
Science
Direct
(1
January
2004
until
16
September
2024),
we
investigated
RTECs
in
relation
their
contributions
macro,
micronutrient
food
group
intakes,
breakfast/diet
quality
effects
on
health
focus
non-communicable
disease
(NCD)
prevention.
The
search
was
restricted
Systematic
Reviews
(SRs),
meta-analyses
(MAs),
randomised
controlled
trials
(RCTs)
observational
studies.
Fifty-one
publications
were
obtained.
Studies
related
outcomes
NCD
risk
graded
using
an
updated
Scottish
Intercollegiate
Guidelines
Network
approach.
Results:
Grade
A
evidence:
Based
high-quality
MA,
SRs,
or
RCTs,
this
showed
that
RTEC
consumption
associated
improved
intakes
(particularly
fibre
micronutrients),
reduced
cardiovascular
mortality.
One
good-quality
meta-analysis
total
whole
grain
which
included
cancer.
B
largely
evidence,
overweight
obesity,
body
mass
index
composition
improvements
type
2
diabetes
risk.
For
lipid
profiles,
more
well-designed
studies
needed
(Grade
D
evidence).
Conclusions:
There
is
consistent
evidence
generally
have
positive
neutral
nutritional
status
Strongest
exists
for
diseases
(CVDs),
weight
regulation,
Public
messaging
should
recognise
RTECs,
especially
whole-grain,
higher-fibre
lower-sugar
varieties,
may
help
reinforce
range
outcomes.