Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars DOI Creative Commons
Amanda P. De Souza, Stephen P. Long

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: March 10, 2018

Despite the vast importance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for smallholder farmers in Africa, yields per unit land area have not increased over past 55 years. Genetic engineering or breeding photosynthetic efficiency may represent a new approach. This requires understanding limitations to photosynthesis within existing germplasm. Here, leaf gas exchange, carbon and nitrogen content, nonstructural carbohydrates content growth were analyzed four high-yielding farm-preferred African cultivars: two landraces (TME 7, TME 419) improved lines (TMS 98/0581 TMS 30572). Surprisingly, had, on average, 18% higher light-saturating CO 2 uptake (Asat) than due maximum apparent carboxylation rates Rubisco (Vcmax) regeneration ribulose-1,5-biphosphate expressed as electron transport rate (Jmax). 419 also showed greater intrinsic water use efficiency. Except cultivar 30572, triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation at high intercellular [CO 2]. The capacity TPU would limit under current conditions, but without modification be barrier increasing levels predicted possible this crop. lower through breeding, perhaps reflect predominant need, until now, disease pest resistance. However, availability today equipment high-throughput screening provides means select maintenance improvement while selecting

Language: Английский

Translating High-Throughput Phenotyping into Genetic Gain DOI Creative Commons
J. L. Araus, Shawn C. Kefauver, Mainassara Zaman‐Allah

et al.

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 451 - 466

Published: March 18, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

639
Source-Sink Relationships in Crop Plants and Their Influence on Yield Development and Nutritional Quality DOI Creative Commons
Millicent R. Smith, Idupulapati M. Rao, Andrew Merchant

et al.

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 20, 2018

For seed crops, yield is the cumulative result of both source and sink strength for photoassimilates nutrients over course development. Source dictated by net photosynthetic rate photoassimilate remobilisation from tissues. This review focuses on current understanding how source-sink relationship in crop plants influences rates development resilience nutritional quality. We present limitations approaches to accurately measure emphasize differences coordination between photosynthesis under varying environmental conditions. highlight potential exploit dynamics, order improve yields importance quality with implications plant breeding strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

219
Next-generation strategies for understanding and influencing source–sink relations in crop plants DOI Creative Commons
Uwe Sonnewald, Alisdair R. Fernie

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 63 - 70

Published: Feb. 9, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

138
Photosynthesis across African cassava germplasm is limited by Rubisco and mesophyll conductance at steady state, but by stomatal conductance in fluctuating light DOI Creative Commons
Amanda P. De Souza, Yu Wang, Douglas J. Orr

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225(6), P. 2498 - 2512

Published: Aug. 25, 2019

Summary Sub‐Saharan Africa is projected to see a 55% increase in food demand by 2035, where cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) the most widely planted crop and major calorie source. Yet, yield this region has not increased significantly for 13 yr. Improvement of genetic potential, basis first Green Revolution, could be realized improving photosynthetic efficiency. First, factors limiting photosynthesis their variability within extant germplasm must understood. Biochemical diffusive limitations leaf CO 2 uptake under steady state fluctuating light farm‐preferred high‐yielding African cultivars were analyzed. A metabolic model was developed quantify value overcoming photosynthesis. At state, vivo Rubisco activity mesophyll conductance accounted 84% limitation. Under nonsteady‐state conditions shade sun transition, stomatal limitation, resulting an estimated 13% 5% losses water use efficiency, across diurnal period. Triose phosphate utilization, although sufficient support observed rates, would limit improvement 33%, unless improved itself. The variation carbon assimilation among three times greater nonsteady compared pinpointing important overlooked breeding targets efficiency cassava.

Language: Английский

Citations

129
Prospects for enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity by manipulating mesophyll cell morphology DOI
Tao Ren, Sarathi M. Weraduwage, Thomas D. Sharkey

et al.

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 70(4), P. 1153 - 1165

Published: Dec. 26, 2018

Leaves are beautifully specialized organs designed to maximize the use of light and CO2 for photosynthesis. Engineering leaf anatomy therefore holds great potential enhance photosynthetic capacity. Here we review effect dominant anatomical traits on photosynthesis confirm that a high chloroplast surface area exposed intercellular airspace per unit (Sc) is critical efficient The possibility improving Sc through appropriately increasing mesophyll cell density further analyzed. influences modifying morphology diffusion, distribution within leaf, other physiological processes also discussed. Some target genes regulating proliferation expansion explored. Indeed, more comprehensive research needed understand how manipulating editing impacts capacity related processes. This will pinpoint targets engineering

Language: Английский

Citations

119
Cassava production in africa: A panel analysis of the drivers and trends DOI Creative Commons
Waidi Gbenro Adebayo

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. e19939 - e19939

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Cassava is Africa's most important tuberous crop. It an all-year-round cheap and reliable staple food for millions of Africans, making it vital security on the continent. However, cassava production in Africa hindered by a persistent problem low yield per hectare. This study addresses dearth research specific influences area harvested hectare Africa. work uses panel data from 37 African countries 1961 to 2020 sheds light three key aspects. Firstly, investigates extent nature problem, offering insights into its underlying causes implications. Secondly, examines interplay between hectare, revealing factors driving observed trends yields Lastly, this contributes achievement Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 15: Life Land 2: Zero Hunger, providing valuable information enhance sustainability. The findings indicate that approximately 95.6% variability can be explained changes harvested, around 1.1% variability, about 27.6% consumer price index 1.8% temperature changes. Notably, observes significant increase 16.8 million hectares average levels varied 5.7 9.6 tonnes analysis also reveals disparity translating gains disease eradication introducing high-yield, disease-resistant varieties smallholder farming. In conclusion, highlights potential sustainable intensification as viable pathway absolute per-hectare while promoting farmers' income mitigating cultivation-related deforestation. Understanding addressing are crucial steps toward ensuring achieving agricultural practices

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Morphophysiological Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Under Drought Stress DOI
Sanket J. More, Kirti Bardhan, V. Ravi

et al.

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 71 - 91

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Metabolite profiles reveal interspecific variation in operation of the Calvin–Benson cycle in both C4 and C3 plants DOI Creative Commons
Stéphanie Arrivault, Thiago Alexandre Moraes, Toshihiro Obata

et al.

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 70(6), P. 1843 - 1858

Published: Feb. 18, 2019

Low atmospheric CO2 in recent geological time led to the evolution of carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) such as C4 photosynthesis >65 terrestrial plant lineages. We know little about impact low on Calvin–Benson cycle (CBC) C3 species that did not evolve CCMs, representing >90% species. Metabolite profiling provides a top-down strategy investigate operational balance pathway. profiled CBC intermediates panel (Zea mays, Setaria viridis, Flaveria bidentis, and F. trinervia) (Oryza sativa, Triticium aestivum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, Manihot esculenta). Principal component analysis revealed differences between were driven by many metabolites, including lower ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Strikingly, there was also considerable variation This partly due different chlorophyll protein contents, but mainly relative levels metabolites. Correlation indicated one contributory factor fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, phosphoribulokinase, Rubisco. Our results point having experienced evolutionary trajectories since ancestors modern lineages diverged. They underline need understand operation wide range

Language: Английский

Citations

56
Is Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) a Climate “Smart” Crop? A Review in the Context of Bridging Future Food Demand Gap DOI
Raji Pushpalatha,

G. Byju

Tropical Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 201 - 211

Published: Feb. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

52
Towards closing cassava yield gap in West Africa: Agronomic efficiency and storage root yield responses to NPK fertilizers DOI Creative Commons
Joy Geraldine Adiele, A.G.T. Schut, R.P.M. van den Beuken

et al.

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 107820 - 107820

Published: May 15, 2020

Nutrient management of cassava has received little attention compared with cereal crops. We evaluated yield potential and nutrient use efficiency when supplied nitrogen, phosphorus potassium at high rates increasing K. On-farm experiments were conducted six locations in Nigeria across the major growing agro-ecologies Western Africa (Tropical Rainforest – Cross River, Forest Transition Savanna Edo, Guinea Benue) during two seasons (2016–2017 2017–2018). Nitrogen, P K fertilizers applied various rates, including treatments without added secondary micronutrients. Storage root dry matter (DM) yields ranged between 11 35 t DM ha−1. The largest obtained a mean agronomic 60, 162 51 kg storage roots per N, applied, average uptakes 364, 44 242 ha−1 respectively. responses to (2–18, 3–16 3–22 ha−1, respectively) varied locations, reflecting variability NPK ratios. Addition mixture micronutrients did not affect yields. found that caloric energy N is 2.7 times larger than value reported for maize. Increasing supply gave even supporting theory "increasing returns scale" De Wit. conclude role future food security sub-Saharan Africa, potentially yields, better recovery nutrients fertilizer grains.

Language: Английский

Citations

50