Adaptation and coordinated evolution of plant hydraulic traits

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 1599 - 1610

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Abstract Hydraulic properties control plant responses to climate and are likely be under strong selective pressure, but their macro‐evolutionary history remains poorly characterised. To fill this gap, we compiled a global dataset of hydraulic traits describing xylem conductivity ( K s ), resistance embolism (P50), sapwood allocation relative leaf area (Hv) drought exposure (ψ min matched it with seed phylogenies. Individually, these present medium high levels phylogenetic signal, partly related environmental pressures shaping lineage evolution. Most evolved independently each other, being co‐selected by the same pressures. However, evolutionary correlations between P50 ψ Hv show signs deeper integration because functional, developmental or genetic constraints, conforming modules. We do not detect embolism, rejecting hardwired trade‐off for pair traits.

Language: Английский

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Optical Measurement of Stem Xylem Vulnerability

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 174(4), P. 2054 - 2061

Published: July 6, 2017

The vulnerability of plant water transport tissues to a loss function by cavitation during stress is key indicator the survival capabilities species drought. Quantifying this important metric has been greatly advanced noninvasive techniques that allow embolisms be viewed directly in vascular system. Here, we present new method for evaluating spatial and temporal propagation embolizing bubbles stem xylem imposed stress. We demonstrate how optical method, used previously leaves, can adapted measure stems. Validation technique carried out measuring 13 conifers two short-vesseled angiosperms comparing results with measurements made using cavitron centrifuge method. Very close agreement between methods confirms reliability opens way simple, efficient, reliable assessment standard flatbed scanners, cameras, or microscopes.

Language: Английский

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Living on the edge: A continental‐scale assessment of forest vulnerability to drought

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(15), P. 3620 - 3641

Published: April 15, 2021

Abstract Globally, forests are facing an increasing risk of mass tree mortality events associated with extreme droughts and higher temperatures. Hydraulic dysfunction is considered a key mechanism drought‐triggered dieback. By leveraging the climate breadth Australian landscape national network research sites (Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network), we conducted continental‐scale study physiological hydraulic traits 33 native species from contrasting environments to disentangle complexities plant response drought across communities. We found strong relationships between site aridity. Leaf turgor loss point xylem embolism resistance were correlated minimum water potential experienced by each species. Across data set, there was coordination traits, including those linked safety, stomatal regulation cost carbon investment into woody tissue. These results illustrate that aridity has acted as selective pressure, shaping landscape. safety margins constrained sites, wetter tending have smaller margin compared at drier suggesting trees operating close their thresholds forest biomes spectrum may be susceptible shifts in result intensification drought.

Language: Английский

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Linking drought‐induced xylem embolism resistance to wood anatomical traits in Neotropical trees

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(3), P. 1453 - 1466

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Summary Drought‐induced xylem embolism is considered to be one of the main factors driving mortality in woody plants worldwide. Although several structure–functional mechanisms have been tested understand anatomical determinants resistance, there a need study this topic by integrating data for many species. We combined optical, laser, and transmission electron microscopy investigate vessel diameter, grouping, pit membrane ultrastructure 26 tropical rainforest tree species across three major clades (magnoliids, rosiids, asteriids). then related these observations previously published on drought‐induced with phylogenetic analyses. Vessel were all predictive but weak power. While thickness was trait when vestured pits taken into account, diameter‐to‐thickness ratio suggests strong importance deflection resistance membrane. However, analyses weakly support adaptive coevolution. Our results emphasize functional significance membranes air‐seeding trees, highlighting also their mechanical properties due link between ratio. Finding coevolution remains challenging.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary relationships between drought-related traits and climate shape large hydraulic safety margins in western North American oaks

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(10)

Published: March 1, 2021

Significance A fundamental association between sustained water transport and downstream tissue survival should select for xylem that avoids embolism in long-lived woody plants. Previous studies suggest long-vessel species, such as oaks vines, are more susceptible to drought-induced loss of function than other species. We show western North American oaks—even those occurring wet temperate forest—possess capable tolerating substantial stress. Evolutionary relationships drought tolerance traits combined with plant–climate interactions yield positive hydraulic safety margins from diverse habitats, demonstrating these key species not yet on the verge hydraulically mediated function. Quantifying physical limits desiccation is imperative predicting ecological consequences future droughts.

Language: Английский

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Replicated Evolution in Plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 697 - 725

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Similar traits and functions commonly evolve in nature. Here, we explore patterns of replicated evolution across the plant kingdom discuss processes responsible for such patterns. We begin this review by defining theoretical, genetic, ecological concepts that help explain it. then focus our attention on empirical cases at phenotypic genotypic levels. find replication ecotype level is common, but evidence repeated speciation surprisingly sparse. On other hand, strategies physiological mechanisms similar biomes appears to be pervasive. conclude highlighting where future efforts can us bridge understanding different levels biological organization. Earth's landscape diverse also repeats itself. Organisms seem have followed suit.

Language: Английский

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Tree diversity reduces variability in sapling survival under drought

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(5), P. 1164 - 1180

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Enhancing tree diversity may be important to fostering resilience drought‐related climate extremes. So far, little attention has been given whether can increase the survival of trees and reduce its variability in young forest plantations. We conducted an analysis seedling sapling from 34 globally distributed experiments (363,167 trees, 168 species, 3744 plots, 7 biomes) answer two questions: (1) Do drought alter mean plot‐level survival, with higher less variable as increases? (2) species that survive poorly monocultures better mixtures do specific functional traits explain monoculture survival? Tree richness reduced while (Rao's Q entropy) increased also variability. Importantly, reduction became stronger severity increased. found low survived comparatively when under drought. Species was positively associated resistance (indicated by hydraulic such turgor loss point), plant height conservative resource‐acquisition (e.g. leaf nitrogen concentration small size). Synthesis. The findings highlight: effectiveness for decreasing drought; importance altered response From ecological perspective, we recommend mixing considered stabilize particularly functionally diverse forests drought‐resistant promote high drought‐sensitive species.

Language: Английский

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Coordinated plasticity maintains hydraulic safety in sunflower leaves

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 41(11), P. 2567 - 2576

Published: May 11, 2018

The xylem cavitation threshold water potential establishes a hydraulic limit on the ability of woody species to survive in water-limiting environments, but herbs may be more plastic terms their adapt drying conditions. Here, we examined capacity sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves reduced availability by modifying sensitivity and stomata soil deficit. We found that plants grown under water-limited conditions significantly adjusted leaf osmotic potential, which was linked prolongation stomatal opening as dried photosynthesis water-stress-induced damage. At same time, vulnerability midrib observed highly responsive growth conditions, with producing conduits thicker cell walls were resistant cavitation. Coordinated plasticity enabled sunflowers safely extract from soil, while protecting against embolism. High contrasts data suggest an alternative strategy herbs.

Language: Английский

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Blue intensity from a tropical conifer’s annual rings for climate reconstruction: An ecophysiological perspective

Dendrochronologia, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 10 - 22

Published: April 22, 2018

We developed Blue Intensity (BI) measurements from the crossdated ring sequences of Fokienia hodginsii (of family Cupressaceae) central Vietnam. BI has been utilized primarily as an indirect proxy measurement latewood (LW) density conifers (i.e., LWBI) high latitude, temperature-limited boreal forests. As such, closely approximates maximum (MXD) made soft x-ray. The less commonly used earlywood (EW) (EWBI) represents minimum EW and is influenced by lighter pixels vacuoles or lumens cells. correlation our with climate, strongest for EWBI, rivals that total width (RW), we demonstrate it can be successfully employed independent predictor reconstruction models. EWBI exhibits robust spatial correlations winter spring land temperature, sea surface temperature (SST) over regional domain ENSO, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) Indochina. However, in order to mitigate effects color changes at heartwood – sapwood boundary calculated ΔBI (EWBI-LWBI), too a significant (p < 0.05), temporally stable response prior autumn (Oct-Nov) rainfall (December April) dry season temperature. interpret this reflecting potential cavitation defense reducing lumen diameter means safeguard hydraulic conductivity stem, prevent xylem imploding due negative pressure. This study wide implications further use global tropics, though unclear how many tropical tree species will appropriate use. It seems very likely other wood anatomical combined RW climate reconstruction.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation of functional traits influences intra-specific variation in hydraulic efficiency and safety

Tree Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 40(2), P. 215 - 229

Published: Dec. 10, 2019

Understanding which hydraulic traits are under genetic control and/or phenotypically plastic is essential in understanding how tree species will respond to rapid shifts climate. We quantified Eucalyptus obliqua L'Her. across a precipitation gradient the field describe (i) trait variation relation long-term climate and (ii) short-term (seasonal) ability of adjust (i.e., phenotypic plasticity). Seedlings from each population were raised controlled conditions assess (iii) strong control. In field, drier populations had smaller leaves with anatomically thicker xylem vessel walls, lower leaf vulnerability water potential at turgor loss point, likely confers higher safety. Traits such as point ratio sapwood area (Huber value) showed significant adjustment wet dry indicating plasticity importantly, increase safety short term. nursery, seedlings vulnerability, suggesting that key associated Overall, our study suggests over safety, may compromise survival wet-origin future climates. However, physiological morphological confer sufficient facilitate adaptation.

Language: Английский

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