Understanding climate change impacts on biome and plant distributions in the Andes: Challenges and opportunities

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(8), P. 1420 - 1442

Published: June 3, 2022

Climate change is expected to impact mountain biodiversity by shifting species ranges and the biomes they shape. The extent regional variation in these impacts are still poorly understood, particularly highly biodiverse Andes. Regional syntheses of climate on vegetation pivotal identify guide research priorities. Here we review current data, knowledge uncertainties past, present future

Language: Английский

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A new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Zamora in the Province of Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador

Phytotaxa, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 518(1), P. 79 - 86

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

N/A

Language: Английский

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The strength of reproductive isolating barriers in seed plants: Insights from studies quantifying premating and postmating reproductive barriers over the past 15 years

Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(10), P. 2228 - 2243

Published: July 15, 2022

Speciation is driven by the evolution of reproductive isolating barriers that reduce, and ultimately prevent, substantial gene flow between lineages. Despite its central role in evolutionary biology, process can be difficult to study because it proceeds differently among groups may occur over long timescales. Due this complexity, we typically rely on generalizations empirical data describe understand process. Previous reviews isolation (RI) flowering plants have suggested prezygotic or extrinsic generally a stronger effect reducing compared postzygotic intrinsic barriers. Past conclusions rested relatively few estimates RI; however, RI become increasingly abundant past 15 years. We analyzed from recent studies quantifying multiple pre- postmating strengths across 89 taxa pairs using standardized metrics. Individual were average than individual barriers, total strength was approximately twice RI. These findings corroborate ecological divergence factors, as opposed solely accumulation genetic incompatibilities, are important speciation maintenance species boundaries plants. an emphasis literature asymmetric RI, found acted equally asymmetrically. Overall, variability 12 highlights great diversity mechanisms contribute plant diversification.

Language: Английский

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Global hotspots of plant phylogenetic diversity

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(4), P. 1636 - 1646

Published: July 26, 2023

Regions harbouring high unique phylogenetic diversity (PD) are priority targets for conservation. Here, we analyse the global distribution of plant PD, which remains poorly understood despite plants being foundation most terrestrial habitats and key to human livelihoods. Capitalising on a recently completed, comprehensive checklist vascular plants, identify hotspots PD test three hypotheses: (1) is more evenly distributed than species diversity; (2) areas highest (often called 'hotspots') do not maximise cumulative PD; (3) many biomes needed PD. Our results support all twice as regions required cover 50% compared species; that substantially differ from with outstanding individual while (sub-)tropical moist forest dominate across hotspots, other types open also essential. Safeguarding in Anthropocene (including protection some comparatively species-poor areas) global, increasingly recognised responsibility. Having highlighted countries further analyses now fully understand associated conservation imperatives spatial scales.

Language: Английский

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Diversity in genome size and GC content shows adaptive potential in orchids and is closely linked to partial endoreplication, plant life‐history traits and climatic conditions

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 224(4), P. 1642 - 1656

Published: June 19, 2019

In angiosperms, genome size and nucleobase composition (GC content) exhibit pronounced variation with possible adaptive consequences. The hyperdiverse orchid family possessing the unique phenomenon of partial endoreplication (PE) provides a great opportunity to search for interactions both genomic traits evolutionary history family. Using flow cytometry, we report values type 149 species compare these suite life-history climatic niche data using phylogeny-based statistics. evolution was further studied Brownian motion (BM) Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models access their potential. Pronounced in (341-54 878 Mb), especially GC content (23.9-50.5%), detected among orchids. Diversity closely related endoreplication, plant growth form conditions. also associated dormancy. all tested scenarios, OU always outperformed BM models. Unparalleled discovered orchids, setting new limits plants. Our study indicates that diversity has consequences is tightly linked transitions PE.

Language: Английский

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The Origin and Diversification of the Hyperdiverse Flora in the Chocó Biogeographic Region

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 6, 2019

Extremely high levels of plant diversity in the American tropics are derived from multiple interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. Studies have focused on macro-evolutionary dynamics Tropical Andes, Amazonia Brazil's Cerrado Atlantic forests during last decade. Yet, other equally important Neotropical biodiversity hotspots been severely neglected. This is particularly true for Chocó region north-western coast South Central America. geologically complex Earth's fifth most biodiverse hotspot, hosting approximately 3% global species. Here, we test Gentry's [1982a] proposal a northern Andean-Central Pleistocene origin Chocoan flora using phylogenetic reconstructions representative orchid lineages tropics. We show that orchids mostly Andean migrants. Contributions distant biogeographical areas also exist but fewer. identify strong floristic connection America, revealed by migrations towards 5 million years. The dated suggest onset flora. Taken together, results support assumption origin, compound assembly hotspot. Strong American-Chocoan affinity may be partly explained accretion to America land mass Caribbean plate. Additional densely sampled phylogenies prominent well represented across Neotropics could enlighten role through time floras hotspots.

Language: Английский

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Widening of the Andes: An interplay between subduction dynamics and crustal wedge tectonics

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 103170 - 103170

Published: March 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract Recent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes genera for which phylogenetic not ever been tested in a context. To address these knowledge-gaps, we here provide extensively sampled analysis orchid family to date, 78 coding genes representing 264 species, 117 genera, 18 tribes 28 subtribes. Divergence times are also provided as inferred from strict relaxed molecular clocks birth–death tree models. Our taxon sampling includes 51 newly sequenced genomes produced by genome skimming approach. We focus our efforts previously unplaced clades Cymbidieae Epidendreae. results confirmed recovered previous studies, were with maximum support (209 262 branches). first time clear placement Codonorchideae subfamily Orchidoideae, Podochilieae Collabieae Epidendroideae. identify that persistently problematic across multiple regardless different details genomic datasets used reconstructions. study provides an expanded, robust temporal framework paves way biogeographical macroevolutionary studies.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomic and Macroevolutionary Evidence for an Explosive Radiation of a Plant Genus in the Miocene

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(3), P. 589 - 609

Published: Aug. 9, 2021

Abstract Mountain systems harbor a substantial fraction of global biodiversity and, thus, provide excellent opportunities to study rapid diversification and understand the historical processes underlying assembly hotspots. The rich in mountains is widely regarded as having arisen under influence geological climatic well complex interactions among them. However, relative contribution geology climate driving species radiation seldom explored. Here, we studied evolutionary Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae), which has diversified extensively throughout East Asia, especially within Hengduan Mountains (HDM), using transcriptomic data time calibrated phylogeny for 88% (111/126) all genus. In particular, applied phylogenetic reconstructions evaluate extent incomplete lineage sorting accompanying early We then fit macroevolutionary models explore its spatial dynamics explicit birth–death investigate effects past environmental changes on diversification. Evidence from 574 orthologous loci suggest that underwent an impressive burst speciation starting ca. 12 Ma Miocene, followed by drastic decline toward present. Although found no evidence shift rate across Oreocharis, showed difference between HDM non-HDM lineages, with higher rates HDM. dynamic most likely positively associated temperature-dependent dependency Asian monsoons. warm humid mid-Miocene was probably primary driver while mountain building might have indirectly affected lineage. This highlights importance changes, combined building, creating strong heterogeneity plants, suggests cannot directly be attributed uplift, contrary many recent speculations.[East monsoons; heterogeneity; Mountains; sorting; Oreocharis; change; diversification; transcriptome.]

Language: Английский

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Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 108(7), P. 1166 - 1180

Published: July 1, 2021

PREMISE The inference of evolutionary relationships in the species‐rich family Orchidaceae has hitherto relied heavily on plastid DNA sequences and limited taxon sampling. Previous studies have provided a robust phylogenetic framework, which was used to classify orchids investigate drivers orchid diversification. However, extent based genome is congruent with nuclear been only poorly assessed. METHODS We inferred higher‐level likelihood ASTRAL analyses 294 low‐copy genes sequenced using Angiosperms353 universal probe set for 75 species (representing 69 genera, 16 tribes, 24 subtribes) concatenated analysis 78 264 (117 18 28 subtribes). compared informativeness support hypotheses. RESULTS Phylogenetic data sets provides well‐supported that are highly between analyses. Comparisons gene trees supermatrix tree showed mostly congruent, but revealed instances strongly supported incongruence both shallow deep time. individual general better than most genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study first phylogenomic framework an assessment intragenomic discordance, plastid‐nuclear incongruence, across family. results also demonstrate what long known rarely thoroughly documented: can contain discordances, this must be reconciled prior interpretation studies, such as taxonomy, biogeography, character evolution.

Language: Английский

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