The direct and indirect effects of extreme climate events on insects

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 769, P. 145161 - 145161

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Biotic responses to climate extremes in terrestrial ecosystems

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 104559 - 104559

Published: June 9, 2022

Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the incidence of extremes. Consequences extremes on biodiversity can be highly detrimental, yet few studies also suggest beneficial effects certain organisms. To obtain a general understanding ecological responses to extremes, we present review how 16 major taxonomic/functional groups (including microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates) respond during extreme drought, precipitation, temperature. Most negatively events, whereas such as mosses, legumes, trees, vertebrate predators most We further highlight that recovery after challenging predict purely based or immediately By accounting for characteristics recovering species, resource availability, species interactions with neighboring competitors facilitators, mutualists, enemies, outline conceptual framework better in terrestrial ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Controlled temperature contrasts of three native and one highly invasive annual plant species in California

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e18794 - e18794

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Plant responses to changes in temperature can be a key factor predicting the presence and managing invasive plant species while conserving resident native dryland ecosystems. Climate influence germination, establishment, seedling biomass of both species. We tested hypothesis that common widely distributed an ecosystems California respond differently increasing temperatures. To test this, we examined effects variation on per capita three one ( Bromus rubens ) independent 6 week growth trial experiments controlled greenhouse. Higher relative temperatures reduced germination establishment two species, however, was not significantly affected. Specifically, B. Phacelia tanacetifolia reduced. This often outcompete natives, but could potentially shift balance between natives. A warming climate will likely have negative impacts annual here because co-occur with drought. study shows our some resilience relatively significant increases temperature, this favor at least highly noxious

Language: Английский

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Plant traits, microclimate temperature and humidity: A research agenda for advancing nature‐based solutions to a warming and drying climate

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(11), P. 2462 - 2470

Published: April 24, 2024

Abstract Climate models predict at least another 1.5°C warming in the next 75 years. This drives increased atmospheric drying and a global increase severity duration of ecological drought. Vegetation has capacity to reduce microclimate temperatures aridity. All species plants create shade, move water, evapotranspire, humidify air around them, affect temperature vapour pressure deficit environment. can thus act as nature‐based solution drying. These modifications likely depend on traits, functional groups diversity plant community. Vegetative feedbacks are strong enough buffer some against negative impacts (e.g. facilitation). Synthesis : Here we present, for first time, trait‐based framework that be applied across study systems assessing humidity under vegetation. includes multiple new hypotheses future work this area. We emphasize systematic examination trait–microclimate relationships will enable us use vegetation changing climate.

Language: Английский

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When facilitation meets clonal integration in forest canopies

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225(1), P. 135 - 142

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Summary Few studies have explored how – within the same system clonality and positive plant–plant interactions might interact to regulate plant community composition. Canopy‐dwelling epiphytes in species‐rich forests provide an ideal for studying this because many epiphytic vascular plants undertake clonal growth colonize canopy habitats after formation of nonvascular epiphyte (i.e. bryophyte lichen) mats. We investigated integration seven dominant influenced inter‐specific between a subtropical montane moist forest southwest China. Both environmental buffering from increased survival epiphytes. The benefits were higher when removed. Similarly, facilitation played more important role was eliminated. Overall, had greater than facilitation. This study provides novel evidence interactive effects species, has implications our understanding wide range ecosystems where both high levels are expected occur.

Language: Английский

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Combined Grazing and Drought Stress Alter the Outcome of Nurse: Beneficiary Interactions in a Semi-arid Ecosystem

Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 1295 - 1307

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

Positive interspecific plant–plant interactions in (semi-)arid ecosystems are crucial for supporting ecosystem diversity and stability, but how respond to grazing combined with temporal variation drought is poorly understood. In a semi-arid area south-eastern Spain (Murcia region), we planted 1280 saplings of the palatable shrub Anthyllis cytisoides (beneficiary) under canopy unpalatable Artemisia herba-alba (nurse) or open microsites between patches. We applied four treatments (no grazing, low goat pressure, high pressure rabbit grazing) two watering treatments. Sapling height survival were followed consecutive years, during which one extreme event occurred. analysed their combination affected nurse effects throughout course study. Grazing event, not watering, significantly altered effects. Under ungrazed conditions prior on sapling neutral, whereas they positive at rabbit-grazed plots. At growth was higher shrubs than microsites. However, after plots, shifted from neutral. Our findings highlight importance determining direction arid ecosystems. Moreover, our support idea that may wane stress.

Language: Английский

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Shrubs indirectly increase desert seedbanks through facilitation of the plant community

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. e0215988 - e0215988

Published: April 24, 2019

The mechanisms supporting positive ecological interactions are important. Foundation species can structure desert biodiversity by facilitating seedbanks of annual plants, but the direct and indirect shrub effects on seedbank have not been experimentally decoupled. We conducted first test shrubs increasing densities through (i.e. seed-trapping, animal-mediated dispersal) plant community seed deposition, seed-trapping). Two distinct ecosystems were used to contrast transient in open microsites manipulating density presence persistent seedbank. measured at end growing season collecting soil samples extracting seeds from each respective treatment. Transient greatest canopies with relatively higher densities. contributed only one microsite. Shrubs indirectly increased facilitation production plants. Therefore, independently community, likely trapping effects, dependently annuals. These findings provide evidence for a previously undescribed mechanism that supports thus biodiversity. also identify as being significant drivers communities emphasize need consider multiple improve our ability predict response change.

Language: Английский

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Shrub density effects on the community structure and composition of a desert animal community

Wildlife Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(2)

Published: April 1, 2021

Positive interactions between shrubs and animals are frequent in desert ecosystems. Shrub canopies can provide refuge to some animal species from predators shelter stressful environmental conditions by ameliorating high temperatures through lowering the amplitude of variation. Consequently, there have been many contrasts shrub versus open effects; however, we extend this approach further testing these effects on a gradient densities Carrizo National Monument, California. We tested hypothesis that density is landscape-level predictor vertebrate community composition structure. used camera traps, transects focal observations estimate composition, alongside deployment temperature sensors. Plots were established within patches ranging 0 12 per 10 m radius. with relatively higher had increased abundance richness species. Temperature residual dry matter also important mediators richness. cover was an driver communities but propose more rapid proxy for vegetation deserts relevant wildlife conservationists, managers.

Language: Английский

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Species specificity challenges the predictability of facilitation along a regional desert gradient

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(5), P. 887 - 898

Published: May 23, 2020

Abstract Questions Deserts ecosystems are threatened by shifts in precipitation patterns from climate change. Positive interactions among plants could buffer desert communities environmental extremes and resource limitations. However, to improve our ability predict the response of plant community change, we must examine role species identity facilitation. Here, asked: how do identity, soil nutrients, aridity drive positive along a regional gradient semi‐arid hyper‐arid. Location California, USA. Methods We selected seven sites located across three deserts California that cover geographic range benefactor shrub Ephedra californica . In two growing seasons within 30 pairs shrub–open microsites at each site, planted seeds annual phytometer for their affinity areas semi‐arid, arid, or both. microsite, also surveyed composition measured nutrients. Results Shrubs facilitated species, reduced hyper‐arid had no effect on found throughout arid gradient. Shrub facilitation community‐level biomass decreased linearly with neutral most sites. sites, shrubs negatively affected richness native abundance, but increased invasive grasses. Conclusions Idiosyncratic responses an highlight issue generalizing without considering species‐specific differences. Additionally, effects appear benefit exotic competitive traits which can indirectly reduce ecosystems. Understanding context gradients provide better insights into expected changes will occur as result

Language: Английский

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The importance of facilitation on community assembly disappears under severe drought stress

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 1216 - 1229

Published: March 25, 2022

Abstract Despite the recognition of positive interactions as an important driver species coexistence and community structure, underlying mechanism how facilitation affects assembly processes along stress gradients is poorly explored. Understanding responses functional diversity to benefactor at extreme end gradient could provide valuable insight about facilitation‐involved mechanisms contribute predictions under climate change. In drought‐stressed in Badain‐Jaran Desert, local nurse shrub Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. were evaluated using hierarchical Bayesian models. For 3‐year experiment, summer rainfall each year formed a natural drought stress. To evaluate shrub's effects on process that gradient, individual samples collected pairwise under‐shrub open habitats, four traits related tolerance resource acquisition measured simultaneously. Under moderate stress, we observed shifting community‐weighted means, broadening ranges reducing overlaps shrubs. These partly driven by distinct microenvironment created plants, particular improvement heterogeneity soil moisture conditions. However, this influence trait distributions was strongly dependent environmental context, generally disappeared shifted towards its driest end, almost line with decreased interaction assessed plant density diversity. This study focused water‐limited lies confirmed can drive through both filtering niche differentiation. More importantly, these are proven become less efficient which may suggest occasionally disappearing role plants increasing risk biodiversity loss context Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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