Evolutionary history of fire‐stimulated resprouting, flowering, seed release and germination

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 903 - 928

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Fire has shaped the evolution of many plant traits in fire-prone environments: fire-resistant tissues with heat-insulated meristems, post-fire resprouting or fire-killed but regenerating from stored seeds, fire-stimulated flowering, release on-plant-stored and germination soil-stored seeds. Flowering, seed fit into three categories response to intensifying fire: fire not required, weakly fire-adapted strongly fire-adapted. Resprouting also survival is always reduced by increasing intensity. We collated 286 records for 20 angiosperm two gymnosperm families 50 trait assignments dated phylogenies. placed these types: those associated origin their clade onset fire-proneness [primary diversification, contributing 20% speciation events over last 120 million years (My)], originating much later coincident a change regime (secondary 30%), conserved daughter lineage as already adapted (stabilisation, 50%). All four fire-response types could be traced >100 My ago (Mya) pyrogenic flowering slightly younger because its dependence on resprouting. There was no evidence that an older than either storage non-sprouting throughout this period, either/both ancestral derived different clades times. Fire-adapted evolved slowly Cretaceous, 120-65 Mya, rapidly fitfully Cenozoic, 65-0 peaking My. The trait-types climaxed at times, peak resprouter 5 attributable fluctuating growing conditions savanna grasslands unsuitable non-sprouters. experienced trough 40-30-Mya period following reduction world temperatures oxygen levels expected activity. Thick bark serotiny arose Mid-Cretaceous among extant Pinaceae. Heat-stimulated hard seeds 103-My-old Fabales. Smoke-(karrikin)-stimulated non-hard even older, includes 101-My-old Restionaceae-Anarthriaceae. A smoke/karrikin detectable some fire-free lineages prove have ancestry. Among are predominantly fire-prone, absence fire-related advanced condition, increased frequency (loss soil storage), migration habitats thick bark, storage). Protea (Africa) Hakea (Australia) illustrate importance stabilisation processes between resprouting/non-sprouting accounting highlight frequent interchange possible traits. Apart Pinus, most reconstruction relative been conducted Southern Hemisphere needs redressed. Despite limitations, it clear had profound effect worldwide, set platform subsequent non-fire-related Genetics triggering mechanisms remain poorly understood, except karrikin system smoke-stimulated germination. exhort biologists include thinking factors controlling plants.

Language: Английский

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Short-interval wildfires increase likelihood of resprouting failure in fire-tolerant trees

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 59 - 65

Published: Oct. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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Generalized fire response strategies in plants and animals

Oikos, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 128(2), P. 147 - 153

Published: Sept. 25, 2018

Despite the existing large body of research on plant–animal interactions, plant and animal are still relatively independent asymmetrical in relation to disturbance. Animals plants likely have different fire responses, yet biodiversity studies disturbance may benefit from a more integrated functional approach across kingdoms. This would also force us go deeper into biological mechanisms scales for persistence than taxonomic‐based classification. An view responses enable learn great variety life forms expertise complementary disciplines. To achieve this view, I propose classification both animals their response strategy. includes following strategies: resistance, refugia, avoidance, dormancy, recolonization, crypsis intolerance. Given limited knowledge many organisms, especially animals, require further development. However, it provides framework that facilitates finding gaps directing future gaining better understanding role biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Fire as a Selective Agent for both Serotiny and Nonserotiny Over Space and Time

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. 140 - 172

Published: March 3, 2020

Serotiny is the prolonged storage of seeds in closed cones or fruits held within crown woody plants. It widespread throughout fireprone vegetation with a predominantly winter rainfall, especially Mediterrnanean-type ecosystems (MTEs). Nonstorage feature summer-dominant rainfall nonfireprone vegetation. confers fitness benefits on an individual when fire return intervals fall between age to reproductive maturity and plant life span. The level serotiny species varies greatly along continuum indicating highly plastic responses different environmental conditions. Here we review how why traits that underpin this syndrome evolved continue control occurrence contemporary landscapes. We documented 1345 serotinous regions Australia, South Africa, Mediterranean Basin, North America, Asia. length seed from few years (weak serotiny) >10 (strong serotiny), remarkable diversity even clades. show interplay postfire interfire seedling recruitment dictates expression strong serotiny/nonserotiny continuum, that, where favored, ‘gene support for serotiny’ builds up over successive generations. Nonserotiny favored absence occurs at exceeding longevity, but also so frequent only resprouters can survive. identify 23 associated syndromes are subject both phylogenetic constraints. While all coordinated maximum fitness, some traits, such as protection granivores, indirectly related regime. has long history extending back Triassic. rate serotinous-lineage proliferation fluctuated time peaked last 5 million years. Nonserotinous have ancestors response increased frequency, plants migrated fire-free habitats. note shifts climate, land-use, exploitation had profound, disproportionate, effect conservation status evolutionary trajectory MTEs. Escalating anthropogenic impacts increase need understand prominent ecosystems. highlight avenues future research argue use temporally based measures facilitate comparisons studies.

Language: Английский

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Evolution in Isolation

Published: May 13, 2019

Oceanic islands are storehouses for unique creatures. Zoologists have long been fascinated by island animals because they break all the rules. Speedy, nervous, little birds repeatedly evolve to become plump, tame and flightless on islands. Equally strange wonderful plants evolved However, very poorly understood relative animals. Do similar patterns in dispersal ability, size defence islands? This volume answers this question first time using a modern quantitative approach. It not only reviews literature differences defence, loss of dispersal, changes size, alterations breeding systems fire adaptations, but also brings new data into focus fill gaps current understanding. By firmly establishing what is currently known about repeated evolution plants, book provides roadmap future research.

Language: Английский

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