Adaptation across geographic ranges is consistent with strong selection in marginal climates and legacies of range expansion

Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(6), P. 1316 - 1333

Published: April 22, 2021

Every species experiences limits to its geographic distribution. Some evolutionary models predict that populations at range edges are less well adapted their local environments due drift, expansion load, or swamping gene flow from the interior. Alternatively, near might be uniquely marginal environments. In this study, we use a database of transplant studies quantify performance broad scales test how adaptation, site quality, and population quality change spatial climatic centers toward edges. We find poleward perform relatively poorly, both on average across all sites (15% lower quality) when compared other home (31% relative fitness disadvantage), consistent with these harboring high genetic load. Populations equatorial also poorly (18% but, in contrast, outperform foreign (16% advantage), suggesting have strongly unique Finally, thermally extreme species' niche demonstrate strong regardless position. Our findings indicate nonadaptive processes adaptive evolution contribute variation adaptation ranges.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between niche breadth and range size of beech (Fagus) species worldwide

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(5), P. 1240 - 1253

Published: March 16, 2021

Abstract Aim This work explores whether the commonly observed positive range size–niche breadth relationship exists for Fagus , one of most dominant and widespread broad‐leaved deciduous tree genera in temperate forests Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, we ask 10 extant species’ niche breadths climatic tolerances are under phylogenetic control. Location Hemisphere forests. Taxon L. Methods Combining global vegetation database sPlot with Chinese data, extracted 107,758 relevés containing species. We estimated biotic per species using plot‐based co‐occurrence data a resource‐based approach, respectively. examined relationships these estimates size tested their signal, prior to which Random Forest (RF) analysis was applied test properties conserved across Results Neither nor correlated size, two were incongruent as well. Notably, North American F. grandifolia had distinctly smaller than ( engleriana hayatae longipetiolata lucida ) restricted distributions isolated mountains. The RF revealed that cold tolerance did not differ among species, thus may represent an ancestral, fixed trait. In addition, neither Main Conclusions interpret lack general within genus result distribution, high among‐region variation available space, landscape heterogeneity Quaternary history. results hold when estimating sizes either by fine‐scale or coarse‐scale climate suggesting mechanistic link between factors operating spatial scales. Besides, there no evidence diverging ecological specialization .

Language: Английский

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The Darwinian shortfall in plants: phylogenetic knowledge is driven by range size

Ecography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(8)

Published: June 10, 2022

The Darwinian shortfall, i.e. the lack of knowledge phylogenetic relationships, significantly impedes our understanding evolutionary drivers global patterns biodiversity. Spatial bias in where some regions is more complete than others, could undermine eco‐ and biogeographic inferences. Yet, spatial biases for major groups – such as plants remain poorly understood. Using data 337 023 species (99.7%) seed (Spermatophyta), we produced a map based on regional tested several potential observed variation. Regional was defined proportion plant flora represented GenBank's nucleotide database with phylogenetically relevant data. We used simultaneous autoregressive models to explain variation three biodiversity variables (species richness, range size endemism) six socioeconomic representing funding accessibility. compared relationships established Wallacean shortfall (the distributions). found that strongly related macroecological distribution species' sizes. Small‐ranged were less likely have data, leading concentration species‐rich, tropical countries sizes are small average. Socioeconomic factors important, significant but quantitatively effects accessibility funding. In conclusion, reducing smoothen its will require increased efforts sequence world's small‐ranged (endemic) species.

Language: Английский

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Dispersal and geographic range size in groundwater

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 185 - 207

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Disentangling the relationships among abundance, invasiveness and invasibility in trait space

npj Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: June 9, 2023

Identifying conditions and traits that allow an introduced species to grow spread, from being initially rare becoming abundant (defined as invasiveness), is the crux of invasion ecology. Invasiveness abundance are related but not same, we need differentiate these concepts. Predicting both invasiveness their relationship in invaded community highly contextual, contingent on trait profile its invasibility. We operationalised a three-pronged framework considers traits, environmental context, propagule pressure. Specifically, measure alien by combining three components (performance reflecting suitability, product richness covariance between interaction strength abundance, community-level pressure); expected population growth rate simply reflects total effect pressure size invasiveness. The invasibility opportunity niches (the integral positive space) under given abiotic environment. Both surface over space can be dynamic variable. Whether with functional similar those exhibits high or low depends largely kernel functions performance respect conditions. Knowledge functions, thus, holds key accurate prediction dynamics.

Language: Английский

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ClimPlant: Realized climatic niches of vascular plants in European forest understoreys

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 1183 - 1190

Published: April 19, 2021

Abstract Motivation Detailed knowledge on the climatic tolerances of species is crucial to understand, quantify and predict impact climate change biodiversity ecosystem functions. However, quantitative data are limited; often, only expert‐based qualitative estimates available. With ClimPlant database, we capitalize link between distribution ranges macroclimate infer realized niches 968 European forest plant species. Main types variables contained The database contains information monthly, growing‐season annual mean, minimum maximum temperature total precipitation within range plants. Spatial location grain Europe in 10 arc‐min grid cells; study area has been cropped rectangularly at 15° W (Atlantic Ocean), 60° E (Ural Mountains), 25° N (Sahara) 75° (Arctic Ocean). Time period based two renowned atlases. monthly 1970 2000 were extracted from WorldClim v.2. Major taxa level measurement Nine hundred sixty‐eight vascular forests, with taxonomy following Euro+Med PlantBase nomenclature . Software format Data 56 CSV files, 1,000 values for growing season observations every One summary file statistics (mean, median, fifth 95th percentile), species, each variable, together seven key geographical descriptors: range, latitude longitude centroid, northern, eastern, western southern limits area.

Language: Английский

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Range Size and Niche Breadth as Predictors of Climate-Induced Habitat Change in Epipactis (Orchidaceae)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 15, 2022

While there is mounting evidence that ongoing changes in the climate system are shifting species ranges poleward and to higher altitudes, responses change vary considerably between species. In general, it can be expected largely depend on how broad their ecological niches are, but still scant. this study, we investigated effects of predicted future availability suitable habitat for 14 Epipactis (Orchidaceae) species, tested whether specialists would experience greater extent habitats than generalists. We used Maxent model niche each terms climate, soil, elevation land-use projected onto scenarios 2061–2080. To test hypothesis temperate terrestrial orchid with small or breadths may at risk under wide large breadths, related breadth both geographic environmental space size location habitat. The distributions half shifted northwards projections. area increased eight decreased remaining six If expansion leading edge distribution was not possible, 12 Species experienced expansions suitability scores breadth. Niche significantly distribution. Overall, these results indicate a will more capable limited distribution, only if they fully able expand into distributions.

Language: Английский

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Taxon Cycles in Neotropical Mangroves

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 244 - 244

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The concept of the taxon cycle involves successive range expansions and contractions over time, through which a species can indefinitely maintain its core distribution. Otherwise, it becomes extinct. Taxon cycles have been defined mostly for tropical island faunas; examples from continental areas are scarce, similar case studies plants remain unknown. Most identified on basis phylogeographic studies, straightforward empirical evidence fossils is lacking. Here, fossil provided recurrent Eocene to present expansion/contraction in mangrove (Pelliciera) after Neotropical-wide study available pollen records. This behavior compatible with biogeographical, chronological ecological perspectives. biotic abiotic drivers potentially involved initiation maintenance Pelliciera analyzed, evolutionary implications discussed. Whether this could be trend toward extinction considered under predictions theory. expansion contraction strong potential being first empirically unequivocally documented likely only date plants.

Language: Английский

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Niche breadth of Amazonian trees increases with niche optimum across broad edaphic gradients

Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 104(7)

Published: April 20, 2023

Understanding how biotic interactions and environmental filtering mediated by soil properties shape plant community assembly is a major challenge in ecology, especially when studying complex hyperdiverse ecosystems like tropical forests. To shed light on the influence of both factors, we examined edaphic optimum species (their niche position) related to their range breadth) along different gradients this translates into functional strategies. Here tested four scenarios describing breadth-niche position relationship, including one neutral scenario three proposing relative influences abiotic factors resource gradient. do so, used concentration data for five key nutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg, K), with accurate measurements 14 leaf, stem, root traits 246 tree inventoried 101 plots located across Eastern (French Guiana) Western (Peru) Amazonia. We found that breadth increased linearly each nutrient This increase was associated more acquisitive leaves roots N, K concentration, while it negatively wood density P concentration. These observations agreed our hypothetical which conservation are confined most nutrient-depleted soils (abiotic filter), but they outperformed faster-growing fertile conditions (biotic filter). Our results refine strengthen support theories providing an integrated approach improving forest management policies.

Language: Английский

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Diurnal temperature range as a key predictor of plants’ elevation ranges globally

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Abstract A prominent hypothesis in ecology is that larger species ranges are found more variable climates because develop broader environmental tolerances, predicting a positive range size-temperature variability relationship. However, this overlooks the extreme temperatures impose on species, with upper or lower thermal limits likely to be exceeded. Accordingly, we propose ‘temperature squeeze’ hypothesis, negative We test these contrasting predictions by relating 88,000 elevation sizes of vascular plants 44 mountains short- and long-term temperature variation. Consistent our find species’ size negatively correlated diurnal range. Accurate short-term variation will become increasingly important for extinction risk assessment future.

Language: Английский

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