Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(4), P. 1620 - 1635

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions morphology mycorrhizal symbioses. However, exudation, with significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% total photosynthetically fixed C) enhance resource acquisition, remains missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating exudation into the structure RES key holistic understanding soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight different functional roles exudates phosphorus (P) nitrogen (N) Thereafter, synthesize emerging evidence illustrates how interacts symbioses at level species individual plant contrasting patterns evolved P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, propose new conceptual framework, integrating three groups traits better capture complexity Such deeper integrated dynamic morphology, will provide valuable insights mechanisms underlying coexistence for sustainable managed systems.

Language: Английский

---

Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant–microbial interactions as drivers of plant–soil feedback

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(6), P. 1929 - 1944

Published: March 26, 2022

Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at same location, thereby regulating population density-dependence species co-existence. Such effects are often attributed to accumulation host-specific antagonistic beneficial microbiota rhizosphere. However, identity host-specificity taxa involved rarely empirically assessed. Here we review evidence for plant-associated microbes propose specific plant-soil feedbacks also driven by generalists. We outline potential mechanisms which generalist pathogens, mutualists decomposers generate differential on plant hosts synthesize existing predict these as function investments into defence, dispersal. Importantly, capacity drive depends not only traits individual but phylogenetic functional diversity communities. Identifying factors specialization generalism plant-microbial interactions modulate impact performance will advance our understanding underlying feedback ways it contributes

Language: Английский

---

Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 7, 2024

Abstract Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that strength at scale underpinned changes species yield. These trends are shaped plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited functional traits. In grasslands, was associated increasing biomass resource-conservative time, characterized fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. forests, differ when considering above- versus belowground strategies. Overyielding stem growth decreased for high light capture capacity but increased those soil capacity. Our results imply a different, potentially complementary, strategies beneficial maintaining time both ecosystems.

Language: Английский

---

A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Abstract Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these at the entire community level unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- belowground taxa 14 trophic guilds spanning disturbance gradient German grasslands. The results indicate that most consistently respond through both direct trophically mediated effects, resulting ‘slow-fast’ axis community. Using 15 indicators carbon nutrient fluxes, biomass production decomposition, also show fast communities are associated with faster rates ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate ‘slow’ ‘fast’ can be manifested whole communities, opening new avenues ecosystem-level classification.

Language: Английский

---

Coordination of leaf, root, and seed traits shows the importance of whole plant economics in two semiarid grasslands

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 241(6), P. 2410 - 2422

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Summary Uncertainty persists within trait‐based ecology, partly because few studies assess multiple axes of functional variation and their effect on plant performance. For 55 species from two semiarid grasslands, we quantified: (1) covariation between economic traits leaves absorptive roots, (2) among traits, height, leaf size, seed mass, (3) relationships these species' abundance. Pairs analogous root were at least weakly positively correlated (e.g. specific area (SLA) length (SRL)). Two pairs such N content DMC moderately ( r > 0.5) whether grouped by site, taxonomic group growth form, or life history. Root diameter was with mass for all groups except annuals monocots. Species higher dry matter (LDMC) tended to be more abundant = 0.63). Annuals larger seeds 0.69). Compared global‐scale syntheses many observations mesic ecosystems, observed stronger correlations weaker SLA N, SRL N. In persistence may require coordination above‐ belowground dense tissues facilitate dominance.

Language: Английский

---

Intraspecific variability of leaf form and function across habitat types

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Trait‐based ecology has already revealed main independent axes of trait variation defining spaces that summarize plant adaptive strategies, but often ignoring intraspecific variability (ITV). By using empirical ITV‐level data for two dimensions leaf form and function 167 species across five habitat types (coastal dunes, forests, grasslands, heathlands, wetlands) in the Italian peninsula, we found ITV: (i) rotated define space; (ii) increased variance explained by these (iii) affected functional structure target space. However, magnitude effects was rather small depended on type. Our results reinforce idea ITV is context‐dependent, calling careful extrapolations patterns traits spatial scales. Importantly, our study provides a framework can be used to start integrating into space analyses.

Language: Английский

---

The functional role of ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forests

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 235(5), P. 1701 - 1718

Published: June 15, 2022

Summary Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs commonly occur in forest understories and could therefore alter arbuscular (AM) and/or ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree effects on soil carbon nitrogen dynamics. Specifically, ErM fungi have extensive organic matter decay capabilities, plant fungal tissues high concentrations of secondary compounds that can form persistent complexes the soil. Together, these traits contribute to accumulation inorganic nutrient limitation. These also differ AM‐ vs EcM‐dominated stands at multiple scales within among biomes by, for instance, altering guild interactions. Most work forests has been conducted boreal dominated by EcM trees. However, plants c. 96, 69 29% boreal, temperate tropical forests, respectively. Within montane be particularly pronounced because their are more distinct from AM than Because function as free‐living saprotrophs, they resilient disturbances obligate symbionts. Further consideration improve our understanding how cooccurring types interact collectively affect dynamics under changing conditions.

Language: Английский

---

Mycorrhizal symbiosis pathway and edaphic fertility frame root economics space among tree species

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(5), P. 1639 - 1653

Published: March 4, 2022

Summary The root economics space (RES) is multidimensional and largely shaped by belowground biotic abiotic influences. However, how root–fungal symbioses edaphic fertility drive this complexity remains unclear. Here, we measured absorptive traits of 112 tree species in temperate subtropical forests China, including linked to functional differences between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) ectomycorrhizal (ECM) hosts. Our data, from known species, revealed a ‘fungal‐symbiosis’ dimension distinguishing AM ECM species. This divergence likely resulted the contrasting evolutionary development vs associations. Increased tissue cortical facilitates symbiosis, whereas increased branching favours symbiosis. Irrespective type, ‘root‐lifespan’ reflecting aspects construction cost defence was controlled variation specific length density, which fully independent nitrogen content. Within function‐based RES, observed substantial covariation axes with soil phosphorus nitrate levels, highlighting role played these two nutrient acquisition conservation. Overall, our findings demonstrate importance evolved symbiosis pathway framing provide theoretical mechanistic insights into economics.

Language: Английский

---

Understanding trait diversity: the role of geodiversity

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(8), P. 736 - 748

Published: March 30, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Linking rhizosphere soil microbial activity and plant resource acquisition strategy

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(4), P. 875 - 888

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Abstract Plants live in association with a diversity of soil microorganisms, which are extremely important affecting plant growth and biogeochemical cycling. By adopting trait‐based approaches, we explored the linkages between rhizosphere microbial activity resource acquisition strategy above‐ below‐ground across range tree species subtropical evergreen mixed forest. The activities were represented by diverse extracellular enzymes relevant to carbon, nitrogen phosphorus cycling organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. At level, leaf root traits mainly two leading dimensions, that is, ‘fast‐slow’ economics spectrum on well aligned orthogonal collaboration gradient root. Both SOC mineralization varied greatly species. We found positively correlated classical conservation (especially above‐ground), microbes associated fast‐growing feature higher metabolism than slow‐growing In comparison, independent root, it might be an alternative exploitative foraging nutrients for plants. Synthesis . Our study strengthens multivariate nature adapting stresses. findings have potential improve our understanding prediction turnover impacts cycles.

Language: Английский

---