Indigenous knowledge is key to sustainable food systems

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 613(7943), P. 239 - 242

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Improving the use of plant genetic resources to sustain breeding programs’ efficiency

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 27, 2023

Genetic progress of crop plants is required to face human population growth and guarantee production stability in increasingly unstable environmental conditions. Breeding accompanied by a loss genetic diversity, which hinders sustainable gain. Methodologies based on molecular marker information have been developed manage diversity proved effective increasing long-term However, with realistic plant breeding sizes, depletion closed programs appears ineluctable, calling for the introduction relevant donors. Although maintained significant efforts, resource collections remain underutilized, due large performance gap elite germplasm. Bridging populations created crossing resources lines prior into can this efficiently. To improve strategy, we explored simulations different genomic prediction management options global program involving bridging an component. We analyzed dynamics quantitative trait loci fixation followed fate allele donors after their program. Allocating 25% total experimental create component highly beneficial. showed that potential should be selected phenotype rather than predictions calibrated ongoing recommend incorporating improved using calibration model optimal cross selection maintaining constant diversity. These approaches use efficiently sustain gain maintain neutral improving flexibility address future objectives.

Language: Английский

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Crop Landraces and Indigenous Varieties: A Valuable Source of Genes for Plant Breeding

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 758 - 758

Published: March 7, 2024

Landraces and indigenous varieties comprise valuable sources of crop species diversity. Their utilization in plant breeding may lead to increased yield enhanced quality traits, as well resilience various abiotic biotic stresses. Recently, new approaches based on the rapid advancement genomic technologies such deciphering pangenomes, multi-omics tools, marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing greatly facilitated exploitation landraces modern breeding. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview implementation highlight their importance pinpointing genetic basis desirable traits annual, perennial herbaceous, woody cultivated Mediterranean region. The need for further employment advanced -omic unravel full potential underutilized diversity is also indicated. Ultimately, large amount data emerging from investigation reveals source genes role mitigating ongoing risks posed by climate change agriculture food security highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 982 - 982

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Wheat (

Language: Английский

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How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments?

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 16, 2022

Alongside the use of fertilizer and chemical control weeds, pests, diseases modern breeding has been very successful in generating cultivars that have increased agricultural production several fold favorable environments. These typically homogeneous (either homozygous inbreds or hybrids derived from inbred parents) are bred under optimal field conditions perform well when there is sufficient water nutrients. However, such rare globally; indeed, a large proportion arable land could be considered marginal for production. Marginal poor fertility and/or shallow soil depth, subject to erosion, often occurs semi-arid saline Moreover, these environments expected expand with ongoing climate change progressive degradation resources globally. Crop wild relatives (CWRs), most used as sources biotic resistance, also possess traits adapting them Wild progenitors selected over course their evolutionary history maintain fitness diverse range stresses. Conversely, broad adaptation reduced genetic diversity vulnerability abiotic challenges. There potential exploit heterogeneity, opposed uniformity, utilization lands. This review discusses adaptive improve performance strategies deploy them.

Language: Английский

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Management and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for a Sustainable Agriculture

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 2038 - 2038

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Despite the dramatic increase in food production thanks to Green Revolution, hunger is increasing among human populations around world, affecting one nine people. The negative environmental and social consequences of industrial monocrop agriculture becoming evident, particularly contexts greenhouse gas emissions increased frequency impact zoonotic disease emergence, including ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Human activity has altered 70–75% ice-free Earth’s surface, squeezing nature wildlife into a corner. To prevent, halt, reverse degradation ecosystems worldwide, UN launched Decade Ecosystem Restoration. In this context, review describes origin diversity cultivated species, modern other activities on plant genetic resources, approaches conserve use them with specific examples crop wild relatives for breeding climate-resilient cultivars that require less chemical mechanical input. need better coordinate situ conservation efforts funding been highlighted. We emphasise strengthen genebank infrastructure, enabling biotechnological tools help genotyping characterising accessions plus advanced ex methods, identifying gaps collections, developing core linking data international databases. Crop variety diversification minimising tillage field practices through development introduction herbaceous perennial crops proposed as an alternative regenerative system higher carbon sequestration, sustaining economic benefits growers, whilst also providing benefits.

Language: Английский

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The next era of crop domestication starts now

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 27, 2023

Current food systems are challenged by relying on a few input-intensive, staple crops. The prioritization of yield and the loss diversity during recent history domestication has created contemporary crops cropping that ecologically unsustainable, vulnerable to climate change, nutrient poor, socially inequitable. For decades, scientists have proposed as solution address these challenges global security. Here, we outline possibilities for new era crop domestication, focused broadening palette diversity, engages benefits three elements domestication: crops, ecosystems, humans. We explore how suite tools technologies at hand can be applied renew in existing improve underutilized domesticate bolster genetic, agroecosystem, system diversity. Implementing requires researchers, funders, policymakers boldly invest basic translational research. Humans need more diverse Anthropocene-the process help build them.

Language: Английский

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State of ex situ conservation of landrace groups of 25 major crops

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 491 - 499

Published: May 9, 2022

Abstract Crop landraces have unique local agroecological and societal functions offer important genetic resources for plant breeding. Recognition of the value landrace diversity concern about its erosion on farms led to sustained efforts establish ex situ collections worldwide. The degree which these succeeded in conserving has not been comprehensively assessed. Here we modelled potential distributions eco-geographically distinguishable groups 25 cereal, pulse starchy root/tuber/fruit crops within their geographic regions diversity. We then analysed extent are represented genebank collections, using ecological coverage metrics as a proxy find that conservation is currently moderately comprehensive average, with substantial variation among crops; mean 63% ± 12.6% genebanks. Breadfruit, bananas plantains, lentils, common beans, chickpeas, barley bread wheat most fully represented, whereas largest gaps persist pearl millet, yams, finger groundnut, potatoes peas. Geographic prioritized further collection include South Asia, Mediterranean West Mesoamerica, sub-Saharan Africa, Andean mountains America Central East Asia. With progress fill gaps, high representation group genebanks feasible globally, thus fulfilling international targets conservation.

Language: Английский

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Beyond a reference genome: pangenomes and population genomics of underutilized and orphan crops for future food and nutrition security

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(5), P. 1583 - 1597

Published: March 22, 2022

Summary Underutilized crops are, by definition, under‐researched compared to staple yet come with traits that may be especially important given climate change and the need feed a globally increasing population. These are often stress‐tolerant, this combined unique beneficial nutritional profiles. Whilst progress is being made generating reference genome sequences, in Tansley Review, we show how only very first step. We advocate going ‘beyond genome’ should priority, as it at stage one can identify specific genes adaptive alleles underpin valuable traits. sum up population genomic pangenomic approaches have led identification of stress‐ disease‐tolerant compare small number examples from underutilized crops. also demonstrate previously benefitted advances many breeding targets well studied This cross‐crop population‐level resequencing could lead an understanding genetic basis level investment crucial for fully value these before they lost.

Language: Английский

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Navigating toward resilient and inclusive seed systems

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 27, 2023

Food systems face new climatic and socioecological challenges farmers need a diversity of plant varieties to respond these. While breeding is important, institutional innovations in

Language: Английский

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