Stomatal responses of terrestrial plants to global change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 17, 2023

Abstract Quantifying the stomatal responses of plants to global change factors is crucial for modeling terrestrial carbon and water cycles. Here we synthesize worldwide experimental data show that conductance ( g s ) decreases with elevated dioxide (CO 2 ), warming, decreased precipitation, tropospheric ozone pollution, but increases increased precipitation nitrogen (N) deposition. These vary treatment magnitude, plant attributes (ambient , vegetation biomes, functional types), climate. All two-factor combinations (except warming + N deposition) significantly reduce their individual effects are commonly additive tend be antagonistic as effect sizes increased. We further rising CO would dominate future across biomes. The results our meta-analysis provide a foundation understanding predicting biomes guiding manipulative experiment designs in real world where do not occur isolation.

Language: Английский

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Uncoupling of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at high temperatures: mechanistic insights from online stable isotope techniques

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 241(6), P. 2366 - 2378

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Summary The strong covariation of temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in nature limits our understanding the direct effects on leaf gas exchange. Stable isotopes CO 2 H O provide mechanistic insight into physiological biochemical processes during We conducted combined exchange online isotope discrimination measurements four common European tree species across a range 5–40°C, while maintaining constant leaf‐to‐air VPD (0.8 kPa) without soil water limitation. Above optimum for photosynthesis (30°C) under controlled environmental conditions, stomatal conductance ( g s ) net rate A n decoupled all tested species, with increasing but decreasing. During this decoupling, mesophyll (cell wall, plasma membrane chloroplast conductance) consistently significantly decreased among species; however, reduction did not lead to reductions concentration at surface stroma. question conventional that diffusional limitations contribute high temperatures. suggest stomata membranes could work strategically facilitate transpiration cooling supply, thus alleviating heat stress photosynthetic function, albeit cost reduced water‐use efficiency.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of the Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 6089 - 6089

Published: July 17, 2024

Nowadays, climate change is recognized as one of the biggest problems world facing, posing a potential threat to environment and almost all aspects human life. Since United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, many efforts have been made mitigate change, with no considerable results. According projections, temperatures will continue rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, prolonged, intense. Reflecting these concerns, 2015 Paris Agreement was adopted cornerstone for reducing impact aiming limit global warming below 2 °C even keep temperature rise 1.5 °C. To achieve this international goal, focused mitigation actions be required. has strong forests, enhancing their growth but also risks them. Conversely, forests can they surface through influence land–atmosphere energy exchange absorption vast amounts CO2 photosynthesis. Consequently, afforestation reforestation integral components strategies worldwide. This review aims summarize cutting-edge knowledge role mitigation, emphasizing carbon storage capacity. Overall, afforestation/reforestation hinges strategic planning, implementation, local forest conditions. Integrating other removal technologies could enhance long-term effectiveness storage. Ultimately, effective entails both restoring establishing alongside greenhouse gas emissions.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting impact of extreme soil and atmospheric dryness on the functioning of trees and forests

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 916, P. 169931 - 169931

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Recent studies indicate an increase in the frequency of extreme compound dryness days (days with both soil AND air dryness) across central Europe future, little information on their impact functioning trees and forests. This study aims to quantify assess dryness, For this, >15 years ecosystem-level (carbon dioxide water vapor fluxes) 6-10 tree-level measurements (transpiration growth) each from a montane mixed deciduous forest (CH-Lae) subalpine evergreen coniferous (CH-Dav) Switzerland, is used. The results showed limitation CO

Language: Английский

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The stoichiometric characteristics and the relationship with hydraulic and morphological traits of the Faxon fir in the subalpine coniferous forest of Southwest China

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 111636 - 111636

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

High-altitude mountain plants are at risk of extinction due to global warming. Our study examined the stoichiometric characteristics high-altitude in response a progressively warming climate, as well exploring potential relationships between hydraulic conductivity efficiency, characteristics, and morphological traits. As research object, it was decided conduct this investigation using Faxon fir, dominant species Minjiang River Basin with better water conditions. The sampling time four months. In July 2019, October January 2020, April (N P) needles, branches, stems, roots fir were measured along an altitude gradient 200 m intervals from 2800 3600 m. We also traits This showed that N P preferentially followed by branches roots, finally trunk, N-restricted state. elements exhibit significant correlation traits, while relationship is mediated indirectly through At high altitudes, climate will increase limitation but effect on be relatively limited. Climate environment status closely related distribution nutrients organs. Undoubtedly, change directly affect survival plants, appropriate strategies can encourage adapt changes balancing energy among different organs tissues.

Language: Английский

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Responses to cold temperature determine clinal patterns of photosynthetic acclimation of a cosmopolitan grass genus and challenge the concept of quantifying phenotypic plasticity

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Abstract Climate warming and associated extreme temperature fluctuations result in rapid pronounced changes the biogeographical ranges of species. However, existing models that predict these climate‐driven range dynamics often fail to adequately account for intricacies local adaptation individual specialization, treating species as having uniform responses without accounting variability. This oversight highlights need enhance our understanding evolutionary implications intraspecific intrageneric variability, particularly with respect photosynthetic acclimation plants. To explore how widespread plant adapt we used cosmopolitan genus Phragmites a model. We assessed variance–covariance matrix gene‐based traits quantify genetic variability examine correlations among acclimatization thermal gradient includes low‐, moderate‐, high‐temperature regimes. Our findings revealed clinal variations, exemplified by increased robustness plants from lower latitudes, were closely related latitudinal origins genotypes manifested more prominently cooler environments. Furthermore, coordination integrated physiological traits, aimed at preserving whole fitness, exhibits heightened response under cold stress. observed plasticity did not increase latitude regions high climatic seasonality, indicating deviation expected patterns. finding prompted re‐evaluation phenotypic plasticity. improved variation strategies species, refining predictions responses, survival, distribution amidst global climate change. Read free Plain Language Summary this article on Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Evidence for widespread thermal optimality of ecosystem respiration

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. 1379 - 1387

Published: July 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Long‐term changes in forest response to extreme atmospheric dryness

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(18), P. 5379 - 5396

Published: June 28, 2023

Abstract Atmospheric dryness, as indicated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), has a strong influence on forest greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere. In this study, we used long‐term (10–30 years) net ecosystem productivity (NEP) measurements from 60 sites across world (1003 site‐years) to quantify changes in NEP resistance and recovery response extreme atmospheric dryness. We tested two hypotheses: first, differences of forests will depend both biophysical characteristics (i.e., leaf area index [LAI] type) well local meteorological conditions site mean VPD site), second, experiencing an increasing trend frequency intensity dryness show over time due emergence ecological stress memory. data‐driven statistical learning approach multiple years. Our results showed that types, LAI, median explained 50% variance recovery, drier showing higher compared less The impact events lasted for up 3 days following most severe forests, than 100%. rejected our second hypothesis found no consistent relationship between trends different sites, thus increase it is predicted might not or terms NEP.

Language: Английский

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Review and Perspectives of Emerging Green Technology for the Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide into Value-Added Products: An Intensifying Development

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(5), P. 3570 - 3589

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Global warming has emerged as a major problem for humanity in this anthropocentric period. The constantly rising amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) the atmosphere caused global warming, which series changes Earth's climate and weather systems. Rapid anthropogenic activity such industrialization urbanization led to increasing CO2 level environment. is captured utilized source synthesizing various value-added products through physical chemical methods. However, techniques do not provide an ecologically friendly or cost-effective procedure. Some advanced innovative, environmentally green methods based on photosynthesis, microbial electrosynthesis, gas fermentation processes can help clean by sequestering producing from CO2. This approach potential reduce greenhouse emissions, increase productivity, create new economic opportunities. In review, we found that photosynthetic process high capacity sequestration. contrast, electrosynthesis have efficiency product synthesis. These biological sequestration technologies contribute sustainability process. each method its own strengths weaknesses, choice will depend specific goals resources project. report also defined influencing factors photosynthetic, optimized development these technologies, while challenges future directions are discussed.

Language: Английский

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The stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit drives the apparent temperature response of photosynthesis in tropical forests

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 244(4), P. 1238 - 1249

Published: May 12, 2024

Summary As temperature rises, net carbon uptake in tropical forests decreases, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. High temperatures can limit photosynthesis directly, for example by reducing biochemical capacity, or indirectly through rising vapor pressure deficit (VPD) causing stomatal closure. To explore independent effects of and VPD on we analyzed data from upper canopies two Panama with Generalized Additive Models. Stomatal conductance consistently decreased increasing VPD, statistically accounting increased optimum ( T opt ) trees a VPD‐confounded apparent c . 30–31°C to VPD‐independent 33–36°C, while lianas no was reached within measured range. Trees exhibited similar responses both forests, despite 1500 mm difference mean annual rainfall. Over ecologically relevant ranges, is largely limited indirect warming, changes direct warming photosynthetic biochemistry. Failing account when determining misattributes causal mechanism thereby hinders advancement mechanistic understanding global forest dynamics.

Language: Английский

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