Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(17), P. 5086 - 5103

Published: May 24, 2022

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations terrestrial ecosystems potentially long-term impacts on ecosystem structure functioning after drought has subsided are often called 'drought legacies'. While immediate effects have been comparatively well characterized, our broader understanding legacies just emerging. Drought relate all aspects functioning, involving changes at species community scale as alterations soil properties. This consequences for responses subsequent drought. Here, we synthesize current knowledge underlying mechanisms. We highlight relevance legacy duration different processes using examples carbon cycling composition. present hypotheses characterizing how intrinsic (i.e. biotic abiotic properties processes) extrinsic timing, severity, frequency) factors could alter resilience trajectories under scenarios recurrent events. propose ways improving their implications needed assess longer-term droughts functioning.

Language: Английский

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Land management shapes drought responses of dominant soil microbial taxa across grasslands

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Soil microbial communities are dominated by a relatively small number of taxa that may play outsized roles in ecosystem functioning, yet little is known about their capacities to resist and recover from climate extremes such as drought, or how environmental context mediates those responses. Here, we imposed an situ experimental drought across 30 diverse UK grassland sites with contrasting management intensities found that: (1) the majority dominant bacterial (85%) fungal (89%) exhibit resistant opportunistic strategies, possibly contributing ubiquity dominance sites; (2) intensive decreases proportion drought-sensitive non-resilient bacteria-likely via alleviation nutrient limitation pH-related stress under fertilisation liming-but has opposite impact on fungi. Our results suggest potential mechanism which promotes bacteria over fungi implications for soil functioning.

Language: Английский

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Influence of drought duration and severity on drought recovery period for different land cover types: evaluation using MODIS-based indices

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 141, P. 109146 - 109146

Published: July 9, 2022

Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon driven by the lack of precipitation, affecting performance plants and functionality terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to length severity drought, period it takes for return normal conditions critical. Remote sensing data with appropriate spatial temporal coverage facilitates monitoring drought its consequences on local global scales. This study investigated influence duration recovery (DRP) different land use cover (LULC) types in Iran. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based vegetation health index (VHI) was used monitor 2000–2020. results identified 2000, 2001, 2008 as years. DRP estimated using gross primary productivity (GPP). findings revealed that shrubland cropland experienced more prolonged droughts than forests, which shortest duration. Similarly, shrublands croplands had most recovery, forests time. A direct relationship observed between all LULC types, however correlation time better heterogeneity relationships. provides valuable information resilience achieving management deeper understanding drought.

Language: Английский

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Field experiments have enhanced our understanding of drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems—But where do we go from here?

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 76 - 97

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Abstract We review results from field experiments that simulate drought, an ecologically impactful global change threat is predicted to increase in magnitude, extent, duration and frequency. Our goal address, primarily ecosystem perspective, the questions ‘What have we learned drought experiments?’ ‘Where do go here?’. Drought are among most numerous climate manipulations been deployed across a wide range of biomes, although conducted short‐statured, water‐limited ecosystems. Collectively, these enabled ecologists quantify negative responses occur for aspects structure function. Multiple meta‐analyses also comparisons relative effect sizes hundreds sites, particularly carbon cycle metrics. Overall, provided strong evidence sensitivity increases with aridity, but plant traits associated aridity not necessarily predictive resistance. There intriguing as magnitude or extreme levels, strategies may shift tolerance escape/avoidance. highlight three areas where more needed advance our understanding. First, because intensifying multiple ways, address alterations versus duration, timing and/or frequency (individually interactively). Second, drivers be shifting—from precipitation deficits rising atmospheric demand water—and disentangling how ecosystems respond changes hydrological ‘supply demand’ critical understanding impacts future. Finally, attention should focussed on post‐drought recovery periods since legacies can affect functioning much longer than itself. conclude call fundamental focus those designed ‘response experiments’, quantifying function, ‘mechanistic experiments’—those explicitly manipulate ecological processes attributes thought underpin responses. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Mycorrhizas drive the evolution of plant adaptation to drought

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 30, 2023

Abstract Plant adaptation to drought facilitates major ecological transitions, and will likely play a vital role under looming climate change. Mycorrhizas, i.e. strategic associations between plant roots soil-borne symbiotic fungi, can exert strong influence on the tolerance of extant plants. Here, I show how mycorrhizal strategy have been shaping one another throughout course evolution. To characterize evolutions both characters, applied phylogenetic comparative method using data 1,638 species globally distributed. The detected correlated evolution unveiled gains losses occurring at faster rates in lineages with ecto- or ericoid mycorrhizas, which were average about 15 300 times than arbuscular naked root (non-mycorrhizal alone facultatively mycorrhizal) strategy, respectively. My study suggests that mycorrhizas key facilitator evolutionary processes critical changes water availability across global climates.

Language: Английский

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Pre- and post-drought conditions drive resilience of Pinus halepensis across its distribution range

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 109577 - 109577

Published: July 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 926, P. 172049 - 172049

Published: March 27, 2024

Forests are undergoing increasing risks of drought-induced tree mortality. Species replacement patterns following mortality may have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Among major hardwoods, deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) increasingly reported as replacing dying conifers across Northern Hemisphere. Yet, our knowledge growth responses these to drought is incomplete, especially regarding post-drought legacy effects. The objectives this study were determine occurrence, duration, and magnitude effects extreme droughts how that vary species, sites, characteristics. quantified by deviation observed from expected radial indices in period 1940–2016. We used stand-level chronologies 458 sites 21 oak species primarily Europe, north-eastern America, eastern Asia. found could last 1 5 years after more prolonged dry sites. Negative (i.e., lower than expected) prevalent repetitive effect was stronger Mediterranean Quercus faginea. Species-specific analyses revealed Q. petraea macrocarpa negatively affected while several mesic increased during years. Sites showing positive correlations winter temperature showed little no depression drought, whereas with correlation previous summer water balance decreased growth. This indicate although warming favors droughts, previous-year precipitation predispose trees current-year droughts. Our results massive role determining highlighted sensitivity climate, seasonality species-specific traits drive species.

Language: Английский

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Microbial resistance and resilience to drought and rewetting modulate soil N2O emissions with different fertilizers

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 917, P. 170380 - 170380

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Drought as an emergent driver of ecological transformation in the twenty-first century

BioScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(8), P. 524 - 538

Published: June 18, 2024

Under climate change, ecosystems are experiencing novel drought regimes, often in combination with stressors that reduce resilience and amplify drought's impacts. Consequently, appears increasingly likely to push systems beyond important physiological ecological thresholds, resulting substantial changes ecosystem characteristics persisting long after ends (i.e., transformation). In the present article, we clarify how can lead transformation across a wide variety of including forests, woodlands, grasslands. Specifically, describe change alters regimes this translates impacts on plant population growth, either directly or through interactions factors such as land management, biotic interactions, other disturbances. We emphasize among mechanisms inhibit postdrought recovery shift trajectories toward alternate states. Providing holistic picture initiates long-term supports development risk assessments, predictive models, management strategies, enhancing preparedness for complex growing challenge.

Language: Английский

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Different types of meteorological drought and their impact on agriculture in Central China

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 627, P. 130423 - 130423

Published: Nov. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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