The impacts of rising vapour pressure deficit in natural and managed ecosystems

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(9), P. 3561 - 3589

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

An exponential rise in the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is among most consequential impacts of climate change terrestrial ecosystems. Rising VPD has negative and cascading effects on nearly all aspects plant function including photosynthesis, water status, growth survival. These responses are exacerbated by land-atmosphere interactions that couple to soil govern evolution drought, affecting a range ecosystem services carbon uptake, biodiversity, provisioning resources crop yields. However, despite global nature this phenomenon, research how incorporate these into resilient management regimes largely its infancy, due part entanglement trends with those other co-evolving drivers. Here, we review mechanistic bases at spatial scales, paying particular attention independent interactive influence context environmental changes. We then evaluate consequences within key contexts, resources, croplands, wildfire risk mitigation natural grasslands forests. conclude recommendations describing could be altered mitigate otherwise highly deleterious rising VPD.

Language: Английский

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Photosynthesis, water‐use and nitrogen relate to both plant height and leaf structure in 60 species from the Mediterranean

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Within individuals and/or species of trees, the structure and gas exchange sun‐exposed leaves from outer part canopy have been found to relate sampling height. Across species, such has shown their biochemical composition, but not Why are leaf traits related height within tree across a broader range species? And what components involved in leaf‐level carbon, water nitrogen economies? Plant height, mass per area (LMA) its underlying components, exchange, carbon isotopic discrimination were assessed for 60 different life growth forms growing Mediterranean, spanning wide LMA values. Contrary previous comparisons our study shows that tall plants had high LMA, dry matter content (LDMC) slightly thicker; stomatal conductance photosynthetic rate low, while intrinsic water‐use efficiency ( i WUE) was high. all variables as well nitrogen. These effects mostly mediated through LDMC, with limited thickness. conclusions hardly modified when phylogeny account for. varying forms, functioning relates both plant structure. results provide generalization trees at intra‐individual intraspecific levels. Inconsistencies among studies respect likely an issue context‐dependency, which should be explicitly taken into better understanding form function. Read free Plain Language Summary this article on Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Drought resistance of major tree species in the Czech Republic

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 109933 - 109933

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Hotter drought and trade‐off between fast and slow growth strategies as major drivers of tree‐ring growth variability of global conifers

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(5), P. 1123 - 1139

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract Temporal growth variability is an important indicator of ecosystem function under climate change. However, we still lack a unified understanding how conditions, change (trends and variability), nitrogen (N) deposition, functional traits stand factors together affect radial variability. Using global conifer tree‐ring records (123 species from 1780 sites) during 1970–2010 to calculate variability, assessed abiotic directly indirectly via with boosted regression tree structural equation models, examined the differences among continents (North America, Asia Europe). We found: (a) was mainly affected by warm‐induced drought increased at lower latitudes. Climate warming in winter could decrease but this effect far not enough offset threat hotter drought; (b) there existed trade‐off between fast‐ slow‐growing (drought tolerance) strategies for species, traits. Contrary common conjecture, higher tolerance revealed due their occupation more xeric sites, may also because investment leads less remaining growth; (c) older trees conservative strategy, while large scales, taller showed occupying productive sites; (d) moderate N deposition reduce leading conifers adopt fast‐growing strategy (e.g. Asia), long‐term excessive led North America Synthesis . Our results suggest that coniferous forests water‐limited regions should be vulnerable drought, ‘fast–slow’ key regulating effects various on stability. Moreover, future will severely threaten growth, especially old

Language: Английский

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Variation in hydraulic vulnerability of juvenile ponderosa pines in the southwestern United States

Journal of Forestry Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Relative decline in density of Northern Hemisphere tree species in warm and arid regions of their climate niches

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(28)

Published: July 2, 2024

Although climate change is expected to drive tree species toward colder and wetter regions of their distribution, broadscale empirical evidence lacking. One possibility that past present human activities in forests obscure or alter the effects climate. Here, using data from more than two million monitored trees 73 widely distributed species, we quantify changes density within climatic niches across Northern Hemisphere forests. We observe a reduction mean coupled with tendency increasing size. However, direction magnitude exhibit considerable variability between influenced by stand development results previous stand-level disturbances. Remarkably, when accounting for development, our findings show significant cold wet conditions 43% compared only 14% significantly changing warm arid both early- late-development stands. The observed climate-driven showed no clear association traits related drought tolerance, recruitment dispersal capacity, resource use, nor temperature aridity affiliation leaving underlying mechanism uncertain. Forest conservation policies associated management strategies might want consider anticipated long-term range shifts alongside integration contemporary within-distribution changes.

Language: Английский

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Higher site productivity and stand age enhance forest susceptibility to drought-induced mortality

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 341, P. 109680 - 109680

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Warmer and drier conditions increase forest mortality worldwide. At the same time, nitrogen deposition, longer growing seasons higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations may site productivity accelerating growth. However, tree physiological studies suggest that increased can also have adverse effects, reducing adaptation to drought. Understanding such intricate interactions might foster is essential for designing activities policies aimed at preserving forests ecosystem services they provide. This study shows how factors stand features affect susceptibility of Scots pine drought-induced stand-level mortality. We use extensive data covering 750,000 ha, including 47,450 managed stands, which 2,547 were affected by during drought in 2015–2019. found oldest most dense stands on productive sites showed highest enhanced Our findings increasing accelerate intensity prevalence Therefore, climate change mortality, particularly old high-productive forests. Such exacerbated should be considered carbon sink projections, management, designed resilience protect ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Centennial‐scale atmospheric CO₂ rise increased photosynthetic efficiency in a tropical tree species

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Summary Tropical forests substantially influence the terrestrial carbon sink. Their contributions to forest sink may increase due stimulation of photosynthesis by rising atmospheric CO 2 ( C a ); however, magnitude this effect is poorly quantified for tropical canopy trees. We measured ratio two deuterium isotopomers glucose derived from tree rings estimate how photosynthetic efficiency (photorespiration‐to‐photosynthesis ratio) has responded rise at centennial scale. Wood samples were obtained Toona ciliata trees three climatically distinct in Asia and Australia. applied Bayesian mixed models test isotopomer changes with , diameter (as proxy crown exposure), temperature, precipitation. Across all sites, long‐term increased efficiency, likely concurrent suppression photorespiration. Increasing size reduced leaf internal higher irradiance stronger hydraulic limitation. Associations temperature precipitation inconclusive. Our study reveals centennial‐scale association between increasing provides new independent line evidence ‐induced forests.

Language: Английский

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No increased drought-related mortality after thinning: a meta-analysis

Annals of Forest Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sap flow monitoring in environmental research networks: lessons learned from SAPFLUXNET and challenges for the future

Acta Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1419, P. 41 - 50

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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