New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(4), P. 1399 - 1403

Published: April 24, 2024

Mycorrhizal symbioses are complex relationships between plants and fungi that significantly affect ecosystem dynamics functions across terrestrial environments. These symbiotic interactions, which involve a diverse range of fungal lineages, including Mucoromycotina, Glomeromycotina, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, as well various plant hosts, critical for nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, growth, resilience both partners to environmental stressors. Recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, sciences have enhanced our understanding mycorrhizal illuminated the mechanisms govern these intricate interactions their ecological implications. In this New Phytologist Special Issue on 'Mycorrhizal research now: from micro- macro-scale', we bring together collection studies, examine types symbioses, such arbuscular mycorrhizal, orchid ericoid ectomycorrhizal associations. studies explored molecular, physiological, dimensions uncovering conversations illuminating broader By integrating perspectives, endeavors untangle multifaceted cascading effects ecosystems. Through distilling key insights goal is identify emerging themes future directions research. Martin & van der Heijden (2024, issue pp. 1486–1506) review genomic revealed genes involved uptake symbiosis development, discuss adaptations fundamental evolution lifestyles. Their work integrated genomics with theory, thereby enhancing evolutionary functional significance how hold promise sustainable agriculture forestry by acquisition stress tolerance. The elucidation small RNA-mediated transcriptional regulation Ledford et al. 1534–1544) offers novel into governing symbiosis. regulatory networks secreted effector proteins RNAs orchestrate providing potential targets manipulating efficiency productivity agricultural restoration contexts. Research conducted Giovannetti (2024a) sheds light communication exist during interactions. findings provide new underlying pathogenic signaling pathways, offering perspectives mutualistic coevolutionary struggle microbial (Giovannetti al., 2024b, 1404–1407). One central cycling; mycorrhizas play significant role mineralizing nutrients transporting soil profile (Mahmood 2024, 1545–1560). use isotopic, approaches has continued advance understanding. Resource exchange symbionts crucial cycling (Zhao 1507–1522). Market theories resource recently dominated (Dickie 2015). However, Bogar 1523–1528) suggests market should be re-examined, particularly predicting short-term outcomes. This supported study Corrêa 1561–1575), who did not find support regulating rice plants, suggesting driven surplus resources. Lekberg 1576–1588) found supply higher at high P sites than low sites, contrary expectations under theory. Plett 1589–1602) also nitrogen transfer correlated free amino acids hyphae, may consistent resources driving exchange, while direct C N was supported. Understanding challenge requires examination community characteristics. (2024) argue whole-community inoculum can explain differences observations compared previous, more controlled, single-fungus experiments. Additionally, traits habitat-specific, suggested concentrations endemic cosmopolitan species (McPolin 1603–1613). Plant communities, terms strategies, roles cycling. Bönisch 1614–1629) show having multiple strategies driver diversity effects. Further, Gille 1630–1644) shed interplay nonsymbiotic Nonmycorrhizal species, Cyperaceae, ecosystems, calling deeper role. Zhang 1645–1660) associated mycorrhiza-assisted iron processing discovered there trade-offs growth. provides nutrition tolerance natural Perotto Balestrini 1408–1416) examined associations, led identification conserved underlie structural similarities types, researchers made contributions development unified framework aids trajectories symbioses. fate food web Kakouridis 1661–1675). They utilized nanoSIMS imaging isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) track labeled fractionation aggregates specific groups bacteria were enriched AM fungi-originating C. Along same lines, L. Wang 1529–1533) summarized core microbiome matters operation holobiont. Auer al.'s 1676–1690) elucidated guilds functioning, stabilization, overall resilience, highlighting delicate balance within communities implications functioning stability. Groundbreaking meta-transcriptomic emphasizes less-studied fungi, Mucoromycota specifically Mortierella, demonstrates value using minimal amplification transcriptomes gain saprotrophic Wu 1417–1425) proposed conceptual elucidates four pathways through influence organic matter dynamics. integrates ecology biogeochemical enhance drive sequestration management climate change mitigation significant. D. 1825–1834) validation metabarcoding data quantitative assessments methodological analyzing poorly known biodiversity conservation restoration. Feedback mixed forest stands different an important topic better patterns, management, conservation. subtropical experimental system, Singavarapu 1691–1703) clarified coexistence trees shapes types. Such systems excellent clarifying gradients host specificity which, Voller 1426–1435), might operate via mechanistic filters: partner availability, recognition, competition colonization (space), function. coexisting function, reduced recalcitrance roots leaves (Xia 1476–1485). An appropriate design avoid misinterpretation results removal experiments, tested Monteux 1835–1846) experiment ecto- Northern Sweden. Furthermore, Mujica 1436–1440) call interdisciplinary collaborations continental-scale approach mitigate geographical biases trait databases. Global includes factors ecosystems Hewitt 1704–1716) investigated warming tundra plant–mycorrhizal revealing responses plant–fungal scenarios, high-latitude regions informing mitigating impacts Elevated CO2 levels, another global change, emphasize importance Using nearly 150 yr herbarium collections, Michaud 1717–1724) demonstrated increasing levels contribute declining status all forests, regardless type deposition. Nitrogen deposition Jörgensen 1725–1738) fungi. Although biomass high-N showed causes substantial decline biomass. restructures relationships, shrubs underscore need resolve temperatures background atmospheric rapidly change. biogeography ecology, enhances shaping patterns spatial scales, management. glacier retreat, opening lands succession model primary succession. Carteron 1739–1752) develop 46 retreats around globe, finding fast (in time) It essential understand impact composition drives processes. Invasive Amanita phalloides, frequency, persistence cause concern. Population genetics Golan 1753–1770) invasive just opportunistic but establish large persistent genets belowground. opportunity elucidate adaptive employed colonize habitats outcompete native although processes remain unclear. A McPolin emphasized distribution among rainforests, maintaining function resilience. highlights distinct indigenous diversity, valuable aimed preserving services face changes. life history further insights. Sporulation fungus Rhizophagus irregularis yields spores two morphologies, those matching phenotypes fasciculatus case least isolates, described Kokkoris (2024). Lofgren 1448–1475) Suillus, overview its phylogeny, genomics, mating specificity, preferences invasion, SuilluScope database isolates phenotypic genome information, protocols. massive help anyone working Suillus or other plant–fungus systems. Moreno Jiménez 1441–1447) dual method encompasses capitalizes collaborative efforts beneficial microorganisms innovative solutions improving sustainability security amidst phosphorus consortia hyphae biogeochemistry. sustainability, security, Spores harbor endobacteria. Based field-collected spores, it appears endobacterial inside individual diverse, remarkable number Glomeromycotina (Lastovetsky 1785–1797). Clearly, necessary learn about bacterial endosymbionts hyphae-associating determine (L. 2024). Peng 1798–1813) comparative low-input conventional farming methods illuminates varying functions. doing so, intensive practices inform ensuring long-term system. elucidating influencing urban environments, Metzler 1814–1824) provided green infrastructure planning. Ranging ecosystem-scale dynamics, investigations offer Considering composite gained several surfaced, shedding avenues strategies. First, dialogues represent rich frontier exploration. Unraveling blueprints holds associations significance. Future area delve transcriptomic landscapes partners, genetic basis Second, consequences extend far beyond Integrating theory empirical mediated focus scaling up local ecosystem-level processes, incorporating surveys, landscape-scale analyses, modeling predict services. Third, practical applications immense agriculture, restoration, mitigation. Harnessing tolerance, crop productivity, fertility, explore harnessing contexts, agroecosystems spaces, fostering collaboration scientists, practitioners, policymakers translate actionable solutions. conclusion, collective derived recent holistic dedication exploring disciplines. addressing knowledge gaps, embracing technologies, cross-disciplinary dialogue, unlock frontiers paving way resilient changing world. FMM's Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01)) Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. IAD's BioProtection Aotearoa. MÖ Estonian Council grant no. 1789 (project FUNFARM). We would like thank Dr Holly Slater her assembling Issue. Editorial Office Note: apologize readers included journal. due oversight.

Language: Английский