Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of seed germination promoted by Trametenolic acid in Gastrodia elata Blume

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Background Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) is a potential medicinal and edible plant with several active components pharmacological activity that has high application value in medicine the food business. However, natural conditions, GEB seed very low germination rate depends on two specific fungi, germinal nutritive to complete process growth. Armillaria mellea, while acting as nutrient supplier, actually inhibits of seeds. Mycena strains, main germinating can facilitate but cannot support subsequent growth development GEB. It requires symbiotic interactions mellea obtain nutrients for its complex life cycle. Our previous studies have shown Trametenolic acid (TA) effectively promote The aim this study was use transcriptome sequencing further understand mechanism triggered by TA GEB, order lay groundwork developing new germination-growth system mellea. Results untreated group (Group A₀) did not germinate test. high-dose TA-treated B), low-dose C), non-symbiotic A) had rates 85.01%, 61.18% 27.39%, respectively. This indicates treatment induce symbiosis seeds significantly increase rates. Transcriptome (RNA-seq) Groups A, B, C identified 86843 annotated genes. There were more down-regulated genes than up-regulated genes, 3912, 2518, 814 differentially expressed (DEGs) between B C, DEGs mainly involved DNA transcription factors, cell wall actions, plant-pathogen interactions, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phytohormone signal transduction, starch-sucrose metabolism pathways. Six confirmed using qRT-PCR: Down-regulated lignin biosynthesis pathway include MYB4 4CL, GA20ox1 gibberellin also down-regulated. Up-regulated interaction are AIB WRKY51, MYB44 showing up-regulation. transcriptomics results supported these expression patterns. Lignin, GA, abscisic (ABA) levels analyzed protocorms how promotes germination. showed groups lower ABA levels, higher GA compared A. revealed certain play crucial role promoting through TA, regulating gene alter content hormone breaking dormancy, facilitating seed-fungus relationships Conclusion regulate related hormones, leading an decrease content. helps break dormancy Additionally, enhance GEB's defense response against fungi improves overcoming technical challenges associated fungus. establishes laying foundation research molecular mechanisms

Language: Английский

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Lepanthes zygicola (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a new species from northeastern Cordillera Volcánica Central, Costa Rica

Kew Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the genetic landscape of Bletilla striata: conservation challenges in a medicinal orchid under threat

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03556 - e03556

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Persistent Habitat Instability and Patchiness, Sexual Attraction, Founder Events, Drift and Selection: A Recipe for Rapid Diversification of Orchids

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1193 - 1193

Published: April 11, 2025

Orchidaceae is one of the most species-rich families flowering plants, with current diversity having evolved within last 5 My. Patterns associated species richness and rapid diversification have been identified but not often evolutionary processes. We review frequently correlates suggest that processes rate by which they occur vary geographically are largely dependent on persistent pulses habitat instabilities, especially for epiphytes. Aggressive orogenesis creates fragmented habitats while global climatic cycles exacerbate ecological instabilities. The need repeated dispersal results in frequent founder events, sets stage allopatric via bouts genetic drift natural selection. allopatry requirement can be bypassed pollination systems involving flowers attracting pollinators through production sex signaling semiochemicals. drift-selection model diversification, coupled instability throughout geological time scales, likely components a multifactorial process leading to rapid, recent this family.

Language: Английский

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In Situ Conservation of Orchidaceae Diversity in the Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean (Moroccan Part)

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1254 - 1254

Published: April 20, 2025

The focus of this study was the Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve Mediterranean (IBRM, part biodiversity hotspot Basin) and Orchidaceae family, which is under-studied in Moroccan IBRM. For reason, an inventory diversity factors that could influence their situ conservation undertaken, employing a series field surveys conducted Northern IBRM ecosystems. In total, 42 sites were surveyed four protected areas 21 species subspecies (taxa) belonging to seven genera identified, including Orchis spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis, as newly recorded Morocco, well several new reports for different and/or surveyed, thus updating previous knowledge Orchidaceae. Most taxa found limited numbers individuals (<30) restricted few (1–3) or single area; thus, they assessed poorly conserved due scarcity rainfall coupled with human pressures, such abstraction surface water, forest fires, conversion forests Cannabis farms. enforcement existing laws, adoption strategies combat desertification prohibition farming, raising awareness among local population reduce pressures on members habitats, thereby contributing conservation.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the potential of Angiosperms353 markers for species identification of Eastern Mediterranean orchids

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108360 - 108360

Published: April 1, 2025

Tuberous orchids are ecologically vulnerable species, threatened by a range of environmental pressures such as overharvesting, grazing and land use change. Conservation efforts require accurate species identification, but impeded limited phylogenetic resolution traditional genetic markers, which is exacerbated widespread taxonomic conflict regarding the classification orchids. Target enrichment holds promise to resolve both these challenges offering large set nuclear loci with increase evaluate competing models. Here, we effectiveness Angiosperms353 markers for distinguishing over 50 tuberous orchid native Greece explore possibility narrowing smaller that could function minimal probe set. Our methodology consists three-tiered approach: 1) generating species-level phylogeny using all sufficient target recovery, 2) evaluating models based on "splitter" "lumper" classifications through Bayes Factor delimitation, 3) ranking potential discriminate representatives lineages different divergence times their informativeness. While inferred multi-species coalescent had overall high support, delimitation revealed mixed outcomes, favouring splitting in Serapias, while basal clades lumping more recently diverged Ophrys. A molecular clock analysis Ophrys confirms rapid recent radiation marked uncertainty, suggesting need additional fully this genus. Finally, found 30 be highly phylogenetically informative across four epochs Orchidinae evolution; suggest promising candidates future marker development. findings enhance Plant Tree Life (PAFTOL) contributing phylogenomic data were previously underrepresented trees built shedding light ongoing "splitter"-vs-"lumper" debate new directions identification orchids, group distinct conservation challenges.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Variation and Differentiation of Himantoglossum s.s. in Greece

Diversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 329 - 329

Published: May 3, 2025

The taxonomic identification of plant species is traditionally based on morphological traits, the use which may create difficulties in cases close-related showing great variability. In such cases, DNA markers for and delimitation can be help. Himantoglossum W.D.J.Koch (Orchidaceae) a genus with notable variability, comprising clade hircinum-caprinum (Himantoglossum s.s.) nine taxa, from H. jankae, hircinum, montis-tauri, caprinum samariense have being reported Greece. However, previous study s.s. all over Greece could not verify presence these species, but only one highly diverse taxon throughout country. Here, we studied genetic variation differentiation populations entire distribution employing ISSR markers, to further elucidate status High was revealed, both “core” peripheral/marginal ones, pointing their evolutionary potential. This mainly attributed differences within and, lesser extent, among them. No proposed belong different found no species-specific were identified that discriminate above rest. addition, two cpDNA nDNA fragments (accD, psbA-trnH ITS2, respectively) sequenced number individuals representative whole dataset. All three conserved, restricted polymorphism having correlation or taxa Overall, high Greece, especially valuable asset towards conservation.

Language: Английский

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A Survey of Wild Indigenous Cryptostylis ovata Orchid Populations in Western Australia Reveals Spillover of Exotic Viruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 108 - 108

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Cryptostylis ovata is a terrestrial orchid endemic to southwestern Australia. The virus status of C. has not been studied. Eighty-three samples from 16 populations were collected, and sequencing was used identify RNA viruses them. In one population, all tested plants co-infected with isolates the exotic-to-Australia Ornithogalum mosaic (OrMV) bean yellow (BYMV). another plant infected BYMV. No detected in remaining populations. OrMV isolate shared 98-99% nucleotide identity identified wild indigenous Lachenalia (Iridaceae) South Africa. This suggests that source may be or more bulbous iridaceous flowering southern African origin introduced Western Australia as ornamentals have since become invasive weeds. One BYMV also exhibited 99% strains isolated exotic leguminous crop Lupinus angustifolius Australia, suggesting possible spillover species this source. study highlights probable role weeds crops sources spillovers plants.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of LBD Genes in Cymbidium ensifolium with Roles in Floral Development and Fragrance

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 117 - 117

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

LBD transcription factors are critical regulators of plant growth and development. Recent studies highlighted their significant role in the transcriptional regulation metabolism. Thus, identifying CeLBD gene Cymbidium ensifolium, a species abundant floral scent metabolites, could provide deeper insights into its functional significance. A total 34 genes were identified C. ensifolium. These CeLBDs fell two major groups: Class I II. The group contained 30 genes, while II included only 4 genes. Among several Ie branch exhibited structural variations or partial deletions (CeLBD20 CeLBD21) coiled-coil motif (LX6LX3LX6L). changes may contribute to difficulty root hair formation prevent normal transcription, leading low absent expression, which explain fleshy corona-like system ensifolium without prominent lateral roots. expansion for was largely due special WGD events orchids during evolution, by segmental duplication tandem duplication. different branches exhibit similar functions expression characteristics. Promoter analysis enriched environmental response elements, such as AP2/ERF, potentially mediating specific under stresses. predicted interact with multiple ribosomal proteins, forming complex regulatory networks. CeLBD20 localized cytoplasm, it act signaling factor activate other factors. CeLBD6 significantly up-regulated cold, drought, ABA treatments, suggesting responses. Furthermore, metabolic correlation revealed that associated release aromatic compounds, MeJA. findings offer valuable further

Language: Английский

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Integrative omics reveals mechanisms of biosynthesis and regulation of floral scent in Cymbidium tracyanum

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Summary Flower scent is a crucial determiner in pollinator attraction and significant horticultural trait ornamental plants. Orchids, which have long been of interest evolutionary biology horticulture, exhibit remarkable diversity floral type intensity. However, the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis regulation orchids remain largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on Cymbidium tracyanum , wild species known for its strong fragrance as primary breeding parent commercial hybrids. We present chromosome‐level genome assembly C. totaling 3.79 Gb size. Comparative genomic analyses reveal expansion gene families associated with terpenoid related metabolic pathways . Integrative analysis genomic, volatolomic transcriptomic data identified terpenoids predominant volatile components flowers characterized spatiotemporal patterns these volatiles CtTPS genes responsible biosynthesis, validating their catalytic functions vitro Dual‐luciferase reporter assays, yeast one‐hybrid assays EMSA experiments confirmed that CtTPS2 CtTPS3, CtTPS8 could be activated by various transcription factors (i.e., CtAP2/ERF1, CtbZIP1, CtMYB2, CtMYB3 CtAP2/ERF4), thereby regulating production corresponding monoterpenes sesquiterpenes. Our study elucidates biosynthetic regulatory great significance fragrant varieties understanding ecological adaptability orchids. This also highlights importance integrating multi‐omics deciphering key traits

Language: Английский

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