Human-induced fear in wildlife: A review

Journal for Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 126448 - 126448

Published: July 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Human activities catalyse risk avoidance behaviours in wildlife across taxa and systems. However, the broader ecological significance of human‐induced perception remains unclear, with a limited understanding how phenotypic responses scale up to affect population or community dynamics. We present framework informed by predator–prey ecology predict occurrence non‐consumptive effects (NCE) trait‐mediated indirect (TMIE) anthropogenic disturbances. report evidence from comprehensive review different types behavioural physiological changes their influence on vital rates parameters wildlife. Evidence for NCEs TMIEs is mixed, half published studies finding relationship between human activities, change outcomes. The net depend mismatch response lethality activity. strong research biases taxa, systems, disturbance demographic measures prevent unified inference about prevalence activities. Coexistence conservation requires additional linking

Language: Английский

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Combining camera trap and fitness app data to assess mammal response to hiking and mountain biking trail use

Journal of Wildlife Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Abstract Managing lands for both wildlife conservation and accessible recreational opportunities can be a delicate balance. General trail use disturb range of species in variety well‐described ways, but the specific effects mountain biking on – an important management question remains controversial literature. In past, collecting data uses was time‐consuming expensive. Today, on‐line recreation apps automatically collect these data. This study used from social fitness app, Strava Metro, to assess differential hiking parks Marin County, California, USA. Combining user with mammal frequency community science camera trap project, we compared generalized linear mixed models how mammals spatially temporally responded distance trails levels activity. Of 5 primarily non‐nocturnal our area, 4 were either or less frequent near trails: western gray squirrels ( Sciurus griseus ), brush rabbits Sylvilagus bachmani coyotes Canis latrans mule deer Odocoileus hemionus ). Mule also moderately sensitive sites high bike use. When accounting use, at high‐use sites. Metro provided useful analyses, showing potential as resource managing public e‐bike prevalence increases.

Language: Английский

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Hunting, but not outdoor recreation, modulates behavioural tolerance to human disturbance in Alpine marmots Marmota marmota

Wildlife Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 15, 2025

Humans are often perceived as predators by free‐living animals, and thus, even non‐consumptive human activities such outdoor recreation may trigger behavioural physiological responses, with negative consequences on individual fitness population persistence. Nonetheless, there is growing evidence that wildlife can also have remarkable tolerance, but no clear picture has yet emerged regarding the mechanisms explaining different responses to humans. We investigated effect of types activity – hunting tolerance humans in Alpine marmots Marmota marmota . Marmots were studied areas contrasting protection regimes under levels northern Italy over three seasons (2021–2023). Flight initiation distance (i.e. at which an animal escapes from approaching person) was used a proxy disturbance tested against using linear mixed modelling. more sensitive hunted compared protected areas, whereas we did not find for changes when exposed varying recreation. In turn, our study suggests hunting, reducing humans, could exacerbate effects non‐lethal wildlife. This implications conservation management strategies aimed promoting coexistence human‐altered landscapes.

Language: Английский

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A scoping review of evidence for the effects of seven global deer species on woody vegetation

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Context : Rapid expansion of deer (Cervidae) populations is a concern for forest ecosystems. Despite extensive reviews on how affect forests, variation in effects across species has received less attention. A lack focus species‐specific may lead to oversights and failure achieve desired management outcomes. Methodology We used systematic approach compile data the extent which seven woody vegetation have been studied. focused six present Britain Ireland, elk ( Cervus canadensis ). Results total 455 studies were included from globe. Red elaphus ) n = 163) 158) most studied species, while Reeve's muntjac Muntiacus reevesi 18) Chinese water Hydropotes inermis 5) least researched. Fifty‐four per cent 245) fenced exclosures assess impacts. Research mainly defoliation via browsing grazing 424), debarking 44), defecation 8) trampling frequently Vegetation density 235), height 189) diversity 135) common metrics used, fewer mortality 74), structural variability 28) condition 15). Practical implication While previous often probability or severity damage vegetation, we identified key knowledge gaps ecological influence such damage, with focus. Researchers should treat as distinct entities appreciate differences their body size, sociality, physiology behaviour when studying effects. Where multiple co‐occur, identifying relative local abundance among foraging behaviours will help determine interactions—whether additive, synergistic antagonistic—affect ecosystem processes dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Temperate forest soil pH accurately Quantified with image spectroscopy

Remote Sensing Applications Society and Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 101161 - 101161

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Forest canopies to some extent obscure passive reflectance of soil traits such as pH, well below-canopy vegetation, in the optical middle infrared portions electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 400–2500 nm) which are typically used airborne and spaceborne image spectrometers. In this study, we present, for first time, an accurate estimation pH across extensive areas using hyperspectral imaging data obtained from DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) satellite. Furthermore, investigate impact predicted variation on concentrations micronutrients both leaves soil. Our modelling is based a comprehensive in-situ field campaign conducted during summers 2020 2021. This collected model calibration validation 197 plots located three distinct temperate forest sites: Veluwezoom Hoge Veluwe National Parks Netherlands, Bavarian Park Germany. The each test site was accurately by means partial least squares regression (PLSR) model, root mean square error (RMSEcv) 0.22 cross-validated coefficient determination (R2CV) 0.66. findings demonstrate that there patches extremely low possibly due ongoing acidification processes. We saw particularly significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) coniferous forests when compared deciduous forest. soils had profound leaf micronutrient content, iron concentration. These results highlight potential spectroscopy DESIS satellite monitor estimate forested over given sufficient data. hold implications monitoring programs, enabling managers assess their management practices gauge effectiveness maintaining vitality.

Language: Английский

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Insights from a 31‐year study demonstrate an inverse correlation between recreational activities and red deer fecundity, with bodyweight as a mediator

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Human activity is omnipresent in our landscapes. Animals can perceive risk from humans similar to predation risk, which could affect their fitness. We assessed the influence of relative intensity recreational activities on bodyweight and pregnancy rates red deer (

Language: Английский

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Forage, forest structure or landscape: What drives roe deer habitat use in a fragmented multiple-use forest ecosystem?

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 532, P. 120830 - 120830

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Browsing damages to young trees can have lasting impacts on forest structure. Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), the most common and widespread large herbivore in central Europe, create a vast majority of this damage. To lessen impact, it is important understand relationship between roe landscape matrix, which factors such as food availability cover will drive use habitat by deer. In study, we explored how small scale-food (5 × 5 m2), structure (100 100 m2) heterogeneity (500 m radius) influenced an intensively managed temperate mountainous mixed with implemented retention forestry practices. Using camera-trap detections from 130 study plots southern Black Forest, monitored for 2.5 years, found that local had strongest influence use. Contrary our expectations, features, edge density non-forest, did not affect detections, probably because overall anthropogenic pressure high homogenous throughout system. Small-scale also little influence, likely due area. were detected less where there higher amounts lying deadwood autumn, indicating methods may negative impact Since was driver use, supports earlier claims forests be affecting thereby browsing damage intensity, through manipulation cover.

Language: Английский

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Ungulates’ Behavioral Responses to Humans as an Apex Predator in a Hunting-Prohibited Area of China

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 845 - 845

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

Large mammals can perceive humans as predators and therefore adjust their behavior to achieve coexistence with humans. However, lack of research at sites low hunting intensity limits our understanding how behavioral responses animals adapt different predation risks by At Heshun County in North China, where has been banned for over three decades only low-intensity poaching exists, we exposed two large ungulates (Siberian roe deer Capreolus pygarus wild boar Sus scrofa) the sounds humans, an extant predator (leopard Panthera pardus) a control (wind), examined flight detection probabilities when hearing type sounds. Both species showed higher human vocalization than wind, were even more likely flee upon leopard roar, suggesting response equal or exceed that carnivores these area without practices. Recorded had no effect on probability both ungulates. Additionally, repeated exposure sounds, regardless treatment, less boars be detected, indicating habituation-type sound stimuli. We speculate immediate rather shifts habitat use reflect hunting/poaching pressure study site suggest further examination physiological status demographic dynamics understand influence long-term persistence.

Language: Английский

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Recreation reduces tick density through fine-scale risk effects on deer space-use

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 839, P. 156222 - 156222

Published: May 24, 2022

Altered interactions between pathogens, their hosts and vectors have potential consequences for human disease risk. Notably, tick-borne many of which are associated with growing deer abundance, show global increasing prevalence pose challenges prevention. Human activities can largely affect the patterns space-use therefore be management tools to alleviate human-wildlife conflicts. Here, we tested how influenced by recreational activities, this in turn affects spatial distribution sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus), a relevant vector zoonoses such as Lyme borrelioses. We compared dropping questing density on transects near (20 m) further away from (100 forest trails that were either frequently used (open recreation) or infrequently (closed recreation, but park managers). In contrast trails, was 31% lower than trails. Similarly, ticks 62% less abundant these while decline numbers only 14% The avoidance areas close human-used thus similar reduction As abundance generally correlates pathogen prevalence, use recreation may reduce risk humans Our study reveals an unexplored effect ecosystems knowledge could potentially mitigate zoonotic

Language: Английский

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