Longer durability of host–parasite interaction increases host density

Oikos, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Comparing cases of parasitism and predation that lead to victim death, parasites need more time complete exploitation. This longer ‘interaction durability' delays energy transfer from host parasite. During exploitation, parasite virulence differentiates the infected susceptible dynamics. However, how this characteristic influences dynamics their nonhost (insusceptible) species in same community is largely unknown. Here, we use mathematical modelling investigate influence, exemplifying an experimental plankton community. In community, zooplankton feeds on edible phytoplankton (resource competitor host) propagules released inedible (‘mycoloop' pathway). To assess effects parasite–host durability, contrast implementations as Lotka–Volterra predator–prey interaction (immediate transfer) with susceptible‐infected (SI) host–parasite interactions. For latter, intake depends density but not hosts directly (delayed transfer). We further consider difference between modulated by via its effect nutrient uptake. within‐community effects, subcommunities are also investigated, excluding/including without/with mycoloop. Our results show that, besides elimination, durability attacks hosts, allowing them increase (a hydra effect), independent level. observed isolated systems preserved larger communities negative consequences for species, These theoretical supported empirical observations within beyond realms. study reveals distinctive shot‐term dynamics, which stem durability.

Language: Английский

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Ecological impacts of a global plant invader: synthesizing mean and variance effects using meta‐analysis

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(9)

Published: May 27, 2024

Invasive alien species (IAS) are one amongst the dominant drivers of global environmental change. The reported effects IAS on biodiversity and ecosystems often highly variable across species, habitats, settings, which constrains our capacity to empirically generalise their overall impact. To date, meta‐analyses have investigated ecological impacts using only mean effects, while variance – an equally important measure in quantifying efficacy or generalizability a treatment has largely remained ignored. Using meta‐analysis 586 522 effect sizes related measures respectively from 30 studies, here we provide first quantitative synthesis extent plant invader Lantana camara affects variables relevant at community ecosystem levels. Our results suggest that for individual response classes, both invasion differed considerably magnitude direction, with most classes being heterogeneous non‐significant. study design had significant invasion, but type, continent, latitude act as weak predictors effects. By investigating provides globally problematic invasive plant. Based findings, highlight current knowledge gaps future research directions, particularly need focus causes impact studies effective management restoration invaded landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Higher body condition with infection by Haemoproteus parasites in Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola)

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e16361 - e16361

Published: March 29, 2024

Parasite transmission is a heterogenous process in host-parasite interactions. This heterogeneity particularly apparent vector-borne parasite where the vector adds an additional level of complexity. Haemosporidian parasites, widespread protist, cause malaria-like disease birds globally, but we still have much to learn about consequences infection hosts’ health. In Caribbean, malarial parasites are endemic, studying host-parasites interactions may give us important insights energetic trade-offs involved infections birds. this study, tested Haemoproteus on Bananaquit, resident species Puerto Rico. We also for potential sources individual such as host age and sex. To quantify health compared three complementary body condition indices between infected uninfected individuals. Our results showed that Bananaquits by had higher than result was consistent among indices. Still, found no clear evidence effect mediated or discuss set non-mutually exclusive hypotheses explain pattern including metabolic syndrome, immunological responses leading tolerance resistance infection, changes consumption rates. Overall, our suggest other mechanisms, drive avian infection.

Language: Английский

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Do Mouth‐Infecting Parasites Alter the Foraging Ecology of Host Fish? A Test With the Parasitic Copepod Salmincola markewitschi and White‐Spotted Charr Salvelinus leucomaenis

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

ABSTRACT Many parasites infect host mouth cavities and are expected to physically impede foraging. Despite these potential impacts, few studies have evaluated foraging activities their findings equivocal. We examined the effects of mouth‐infecting copepod, Salmincola markewitschi , on wild white‐spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis using stomach contents analysis. Because copepod occupies a large space in cavity, we hypothesized that infected fish exhibit reduced fullness total prey consumed compared uninfected fish. In addition, also shift main diets from terrestrial aquatic invertebrates because reduce activity, body condition competitive ability. Contrary our predictions, were not significantly different between fish: smaller more prey. found hosts foraged lower proportion than counterparts. Our results suggest small increased compensate for energetic loss induced by infection. They shifted diet invertebrates, possibly due physical impediments abilities associated with study indicates affect ecology, but impacts weaker depend size. Nonetheless, behavioural shifts could important ecological consequences such as fitness strengthening trophic cascades ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Peer Review #1 of "Higher body condition with infection by Haemoproteus parasites in Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola) (v0.1)"

Published: March 29, 2024

Parasite transmission is a heterogenous process in host-parasite interactions.This heterogeneity particularly apparent vector-borne parasite where the vector adds an additional level of complexity.Haemosporidian parasites, widespread protist, cause malaria-like disease birds globally, but we still have much to learn about consequences infection hosts' health.In Caribbean, malarial parasites are endemic, studying host-parasites interactions may give us important insights energetic trade-offs involved infections birds.In this study, tested Haemoproteus on Bananaquit, resident species Puerto Rico.We also for potential sources individual such as host age and sex.To quantify health compared three complementary body condition indices between infected uninfected individuals.Our results showed that Bananaquits by had higher than individuals.This result was consistent among indices.Still, found no clear evidence effect mediated or sex.We discuss set non-mutually exclusive hypotheses explain pattern including metabolic syndrome, immunological responses leading tolerance resistance infection, changes consumption rates.Overall, our suggest other mechanisms, drive avian infection.

Language: Английский

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Peer Review #1 of "Higher body condition with infection by Haemoproteus parasites in Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola) (v0.2)"

Published: March 29, 2024

Parasite transmission is a heterogenous process in host-parasite interactions.This heterogeneity particularly apparent vector-borne parasite where the vector adds an additional level of complexity.Haemosporidian parasites, widespread protist, cause malaria-like disease birds globally, but we still have much to learn about consequences infection hosts' health.In Caribbean, malarial parasites are endemic, studying host-parasites interactions may give us important insights energetic trade-offs involved infections birds.In this study, tested Haemoproteus on Bananaquit, resident species Puerto Rico.We also for potential sources individual such as host age and sex.To quantify health compared three complementary body condition indices between infected uninfected individuals.Our results showed that Bananaquits by had higher than individuals.This result was consistent among indices.Still, found no clear evidence effect mediated or sex.We discuss set non-mutually exclusive hypotheses explain pattern including metabolic syndrome, immunological responses leading tolerance resistance infection, changes consumption rates.Overall, our suggest other mechanisms, drive avian infection.

Language: Английский

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Peer Review #2 of "Higher body condition with infection by Haemoproteus parasites in Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola) (v0.3)"

Published: March 29, 2024

Parasite transmission is a heterogenous process in host-parasite interactions.This heterogeneity particularly apparent vector-borne parasite where the vector adds an additional level of complexity.Haemosporidian parasites, widespread protist, cause malaria-like disease birds globally, but we still have much to learn about consequences infection hosts' health.In Caribbean, malarial parasites are endemic, studying host-parasites interactions may give us important insights energetic trade-offs involved infections birds.In this study, tested Haemoproteus on Bananaquit, resident species Puerto Rico.We also for potential sources individual such as host age and sex.To quantify health compared three complementary body condition indices between infected uninfected individuals.Our results showed that Bananaquits by had higher than individuals.This result was consistent among indices.Still, found no clear evidence effect mediated or sex.We discuss set non-mutually exclusive hypotheses explain pattern including metabolic syndrome, immunological responses leading tolerance resistance infection, changes consumption rates.Overall, our suggest other mechanisms, drive avian infection.

Language: Английский

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Peer Review #2 of "Higher body condition with infection by Haemoproteus parasites in Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola) (v0.1)"

Published: March 29, 2024

Parasite transmission is a heterogenous process in host-parasite interactions.This heterogeneity particularly apparent vector-borne parasite where the vector adds an additional level of complexity.Haemosporidian parasites, widespread protist, cause malaria-like disease birds globally, but we still have much to learn about consequences infection hosts' health.In Caribbean, malarial parasites are endemic, studying host-parasites interactions may give us important insights energetic trade-offs involved infections birds.In this study, tested Haemoproteus on Bananaquit, resident species Puerto Rico.We also for potential sources individual such as host age and sex.To quantify health compared three complementary body condition indices between infected uninfected individuals.Our results showed that Bananaquits by had higher than individuals.This result was consistent among indices.Still, found no clear evidence effect mediated or sex.We discuss set non-mutually exclusive hypotheses explain pattern including metabolic syndrome, immunological responses leading tolerance resistance infection, changes consumption rates.Overall, our suggest other mechanisms, drive avian infection.

Language: Английский

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Peer Review #2 of "Higher body condition with infection by Haemoproteus parasites in Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola) (v0.2)"

Published: March 29, 2024

Parasite transmission is a heterogenous process in host-parasite interactions.This heterogeneity particularly apparent vector-borne parasite where the vector adds an additional level of complexity.Haemosporidian parasites, widespread protist, cause malaria-like disease birds globally, but we still have much to learn about consequences infection hosts' health.In Caribbean, malarial parasites are endemic, studying host-parasites interactions may give us important insights energetic trade-offs involved infections birds.In this study, tested Haemoproteus on Bananaquit, resident species Puerto Rico.We also for potential sources individual such as host age and sex.To quantify health compared three complementary body condition indices between infected uninfected individuals.Our results showed that Bananaquits by had higher than individuals.This result was consistent among indices.Still, found no clear evidence effect mediated or sex.We discuss set non-mutually exclusive hypotheses explain pattern including metabolic syndrome, immunological responses leading tolerance resistance infection, changes consumption rates.Overall, our suggest other mechanisms, drive avian infection.

Language: Английский

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Peer Review #1 of "Higher body condition with infection by Haemoproteus parasites in Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola) (v0.3)"

Published: March 29, 2024

Parasite transmission is a heterogenous process in host-parasite interactions.This heterogeneity particularly apparent vector-borne parasite where the vector adds an additional level of complexity.Haemosporidian parasites, widespread protist, cause malaria-like disease birds globally, but we still have much to learn about consequences infection hosts' health.In Caribbean, malarial parasites are endemic, studying host-parasites interactions may give us important insights energetic trade-offs involved infections birds.In this study, tested Haemoproteus on Bananaquit, resident species Puerto Rico.We also for potential sources individual such as host age and sex.To quantify health compared three complementary body condition indices between infected uninfected individuals.Our results showed that Bananaquits by had higher than individuals.This result was consistent among indices.Still, found no clear evidence effect mediated or sex.We discuss set non-mutually exclusive hypotheses explain pattern including metabolic syndrome, immunological responses leading tolerance resistance infection, changes consumption rates.Overall, our suggest other mechanisms, drive avian infection.

Language: Английский

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