Long-term measurements of seasonal snowpacks indicate increases in mid-winter snowmelt and earlier snowpack disappearance in the northeastern U.S. DOI Creative Commons
Geoffrey Wilson, Mark Green, John L. Campbell

et al.

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(12), P. e0000529 - e0000529

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Snowpacks are changing in northeastern North America as the regional climate warms, yet relative influence of changes precipitation compared to ablation on snowpacks is poorly understood. We use 56 years weekly snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements from three locations within a study site which vary elevation and aspect, paired with adjacent daily measurements, investigate relationships between snowpack onset, maximum, disappearance. Maximum size duration shrinking at all sites, rates ranging 4.3 days/decade coldest 9.6 warmest site. The shorter sites results an earlier disappearance, stemming largely reduced winter maximum sizes. Trends establishment dates vary, south-facing showing trend toward later but two north-facing no change. date varies by aspect not any Using 0° C threshold for frozen vs. liquid precipitation, we only observed decrease proportion falling form warmer, period. In contrast, total period has been increasing least marginally each site, even do show increases thawing conditions. Ablation range 0.4 cm/decade 1.4 1.2 sites. shows significant trends ablation, interpret being limited smaller this Overall, conclude that rising air temperatures leading more sensitive change becomes evident before those lead form.

Language: Английский

The increase of an allelopathic and unpalatable plant undermines reindeer pasture quality and current management in the Norwegian tundra DOI Creative Commons
Maria Tuomi, Tove Aagnes Utsi, Nigel G. Yoccoz

et al.

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Abstract Ongoing Arctic greening can increase productivity and reindeer pasture quality in the tundra. However, may also entail proliferation of unpalatable species, with consequences for pastoral social-ecological systems. Here we show extensive across 20 districts Norway between 2003 2020, which has reduced diversity. The allelopathic, evergreen dwarf-shrub crowberry increased its biomass by 60%, smaller increases deciduous shrubs no forbs graminoids, most species rich growth forms. There was evidence higher densities promoting crowberry. current management decision-making process aims at sustainable but does not explicitly account changes Large-scale shifts towards evergreening allelopathy thus undermine resource base this key herbivore system. Management that is sensitive to diversity could avoid mismanagement a system transition.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Exploring the potential of forest snow modelling at the tree and snowpack layer scale DOI Creative Commons
Giulia Mazzotti, Jari-Pekka Nousu, Vincent Vionnet

et al.

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Abstract. Boreal and subalpine forests host seasonal snow for multiple months per year, however regimes in these environments are rapidly changing due to rising temperatures forest disturbances. Accurate prediction of dynamics, relevant ecohydrology, biogeochemistry, cryosphere, climate sciences, requires process-based models. While schemes that track the microstructure individual layers have been proposed avalanche research, tree-scale process resolving canopy representations so far only exist a few snow-hydrological A framework enables layer simulations at meter scale is lacking date. To fill this research gap, study introduces modelling FSMCRO, which combines two detailed, state-of-the art model components: representation from Flexible Snow Model (FSM2), snowpack Crocus ensemble system (ESCROC). We apply FSMCRO discontinuous boreal sites showcase how processes affect layer-scale properties. Simulations contrasting locations reveal marked differences stratigraphy throughout winter. These arise different prevailing under-canopy versus gap locations, variability metamorphism dictated by spatially variable energy balance. Ensemble allow us assess robustness uncertainties simulated stratigraphy. Spatially explicit unravel dependencies properties on structure previously unfeasible level detail. Our findings thus demonstrate hyper-resolution can complement observational approaches improve our understanding highlighting potential such models as tool interdisciplinary studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Exploring the potential of forest snow modeling at the tree and snowpack layer scale DOI Creative Commons
Giulia Mazzotti, Jari-Pekka Nousu, Vincent Vionnet

et al.

˜The œcryosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 4607 - 4632

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Abstract. Boreal and sub-alpine forests host seasonal snow for multiple months per year; however, regimes in these environments are rapidly changing due to rising temperatures forest disturbances. Accurate prediction of dynamics, relevant ecohydrology, biogeochemistry, cryosphere, climate sciences, requires process-based models. While schemes that track the microstructure individual layers have been proposed avalanche research, so far, tree-scale processes resolving canopy representations only exist a few snow-hydrological A framework enables layer- microstructure-resolving simulations at meter scale is lacking date. To fill this research gap, study introduces modeling FSMCRO, which combines two detailed, state-of-the art model components: representation from Flexible Snow Model (FSM2) snowpack Crocus ensemble system (ESCROC). We apply FSMCRO discontinuous boreal sites showcase how affect layer-scale properties. Simulations contrasting locations reveal marked differences stratigraphy throughout winter. These arise different prevailing under-canopy versus gap variability metamorphism dictated by spatially variable energy balance. Ensemble allow us assess robustness uncertainties simulated stratigraphy. Spatially explicit unravel dependencies properties on structure previously unfeasible level detail. Our findings thus demonstrate hyper-resolution can complement observational approaches improve our understanding highlighting potential such models as tools interdisciplinary studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Comment on egusphere-2023-2781 DOI Creative Commons
Giulia Mazzotti, Jari-Pekka Nousu, Vincent Vionnet

et al.

Published: April 3, 2024

Abstract. Boreal and subalpine forests host seasonal snow for multiple months per year, however regimes in these environments are rapidly changing due to rising temperatures forest disturbances. Accurate prediction of dynamics, relevant ecohydrology, biogeochemistry, cryosphere, climate sciences, requires process-based models. While schemes that track the microstructure individual layers have been proposed avalanche research, tree-scale process resolving canopy representations so far only exist a few snow-hydrological A framework enables layer simulations at meter scale is lacking date. To fill this research gap, study introduces modelling FSMCRO, which combines two detailed, state-of-the art model components: representation from Flexible Snow Model (FSM2), snowpack Crocus ensemble system (ESCROC). We apply FSMCRO discontinuous boreal sites showcase how processes affect layer-scale properties. Simulations contrasting locations reveal marked differences stratigraphy throughout winter. These arise different prevailing under-canopy versus gap locations, variability metamorphism dictated by spatially variable energy balance. Ensemble allow us assess robustness uncertainties simulated stratigraphy. Spatially explicit unravel dependencies properties on structure previously unfeasible level detail. Our findings thus demonstrate hyper-resolution can complement observational approaches improve our understanding highlighting potential such models as tool interdisciplinary studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Comment on egusphere-2023-2781 DOI Creative Commons
Giulia Mazzotti, Jari-Pekka Nousu, Vincent Vionnet

et al.

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract. Boreal and subalpine forests host seasonal snow for multiple months per year, however regimes in these environments are rapidly changing due to rising temperatures forest disturbances. Accurate prediction of dynamics, relevant ecohydrology, biogeochemistry, cryosphere, climate sciences, requires process-based models. While schemes that track the microstructure individual layers have been proposed avalanche research, tree-scale process resolving canopy representations so far only exist a few snow-hydrological A framework enables layer simulations at meter scale is lacking date. To fill this research gap, study introduces modelling FSMCRO, which combines two detailed, state-of-the art model components: representation from Flexible Snow Model (FSM2), snowpack Crocus ensemble system (ESCROC). We apply FSMCRO discontinuous boreal sites showcase how processes affect layer-scale properties. Simulations contrasting locations reveal marked differences stratigraphy throughout winter. These arise different prevailing under-canopy versus gap locations, variability metamorphism dictated by spatially variable energy balance. Ensemble allow us assess robustness uncertainties simulated stratigraphy. Spatially explicit unravel dependencies properties on structure previously unfeasible level detail. Our findings thus demonstrate hyper-resolution can complement observational approaches improve our understanding highlighting potential such models as tool interdisciplinary studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Exploring temporal activity of dholes, their prey, and competitors in East Java, Indonesia DOI Creative Commons
Linnea Worsøe Havmøller,

Hariyawan Agung Wahyudi,

Mochammad Iqbal

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Dholes (

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Seasonal somatic reserves of a northern ungulate influenced by reproduction and a fire-mediated landscape DOI Creative Commons
Daniel P. Thompson, Nicholas L. Fowler,

John A. Crouse

et al.

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Wildlife contend with seasonal fluctuations in resource availability and have adapted survival reproductive strategies to overcome limitations. Many northern ungulates are a dynamic nutritional landscape rely on somatic reserves accumulated during the short growing season. Moose ( Alces alces ) populations boreal forest respond variation their landscapes that quickly change after wildland fires. We tested associations between energy of female moose suite factors relevant demands nutrient scale fires Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. From 2015–2022, we immobilized 97 individual, adult n =163 early winter; =98 late winter) collected over 223,000 GPS locations. evaluated if cow were influenced by endogenous or exogenous demands, access forage accumulate reserves. Cows gave birth lost neonate(s) summer had more winter body fat (14.39% ± 0.24SE) compared cows neonate survived 4-months-old (10.59% 0.34SE). Body measured was positively correlated home ranges higher percent cover aspen forage. Late negatively forage, but willows shoulder season forages. Our results highlight plant species seral states is needed across for moderate loss year. Furthermore, our emphasize importance forages when snow depth low. Managing through interagency fire management could create mosaic enhances while reducing hazards along urban interface providing ecosystem services.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Landscape heterogeneity buffers the impact of an extreme weather event on wildlife DOI Creative Commons
Laura R. Prugh, Jessica D. Lundquist, Benjamin K. Sullender

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent, with poorly known consequences for wildlife. In December 2021, an atmospheric river brought record-shattering amounts of rain and snow to interior Alaska, creating conditions expected cause mass mortality in grazing ungulate populations that need access ground forage. We characterized snowpack following the storm used a 36-year monitoring dataset quantify impacts on caribou (Rangifer tarandus) their primary predator, wolves (Canis lupus). precipitation was 7.3 SD above 99-year mean 2.5-fold higher than prior record, return period 333 years. However, ice thickness within highly variable across vegetation types, shifted use elevations can blow free snow. Caribou wolf rates were 1.3–1.8 normal population growth low but similar recent years, indicating surprisingly weak demographic response. These findings indicate landscape diversity may bolster resistance wildlife short-term, potentially devastating effects extreme weather. Using data combined multi-decadal data, heterogeneous habitat topography shown mitigate impact event Alaska.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Long-term measurements of seasonal snowpacks indicate increases in mid-winter snowmelt and earlier snowpack disappearance in the northeastern U.S. DOI Creative Commons
Geoffrey Wilson, Mark Green, John L. Campbell

et al.

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(12), P. e0000529 - e0000529

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Snowpacks are changing in northeastern North America as the regional climate warms, yet relative influence of changes precipitation compared to ablation on snowpacks is poorly understood. We use 56 years weekly snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements from three locations within a study site which vary elevation and aspect, paired with adjacent daily measurements, investigate relationships between snowpack onset, maximum, disappearance. Maximum size duration shrinking at all sites, rates ranging 4.3 days/decade coldest 9.6 warmest site. The shorter sites results an earlier disappearance, stemming largely reduced winter maximum sizes. Trends establishment dates vary, south-facing showing trend toward later but two north-facing no change. date varies by aspect not any Using 0° C threshold for frozen vs. liquid precipitation, we only observed decrease proportion falling form warmer, period. In contrast, total period has been increasing least marginally each site, even do show increases thawing conditions. Ablation range 0.4 cm/decade 1.4 1.2 sites. shows significant trends ablation, interpret being limited smaller this Overall, conclude that rising air temperatures leading more sensitive change becomes evident before those lead form.

Language: Английский

Citations

0