Compassion: From Its Evolution to a Psychotherapy

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

The concept, benefits and recommendations for the cultivation of compassion have been recognized in contemplative traditions thousands years. In last 30 years or so, study has revealed it to major physiological psychological effects influencing well-being, addressing mental health difficulties, promoting prosocial behavior. This paper outlines an evolution informed biopsychosocial, multicomponent model caring behavior its derivative "compassion" that underpins newer approaches psychotherapy. explores origins motives nature biopsychosocial functions caring-attachment These include providing a secure base (sources protection, validation, encouragement guidance) safe haven (source soothing comfort) offspring along with regulating functions, which are also central focused therapy. Second, suggests is way recent human cognitive competencies give rise different types "mind awareness" "knowing intentionality" transform basic into potentials compassion. While we can care our gardens treasured objects, concept only used sentient beings who "suffer." As psychotherapy addresses suffering, cultivating self others be focus

Language: Английский

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The social brain and heart rate variability: Implications for psychotherapy

Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 208 - 223

Published: March 20, 2019

Humans evolved within the mammalian line as a highly social species. Indeed, sociality has been major driver of human intelligence. From birth, relationships have emotional and self-regulating properties operate through different body systems. This paper will explore how heart rate variability (HRV), an index vagal regulation central element physiological underpinnings sociality, is related to mental health problems, with important implications for psychotherapy.We conducted narrative review literature on bi-directional links between prosocial motivations, HRV, psychophysiological functioning.HRV associated not only ability downregulate arousal, but also variety psychological behavioural variables which are usually target psychotherapeutic interventions. A modern neurovisceral integration model can be employed explain complex intercorrelation HRV functioning. In particular, link experience inter- intrapersonal safeness, inhibitory function prefrontal cortex explored in context motives, such compassion, that alleviate help prevent difficulties.Our knowledge brain its might influence elements therapeutic intervention, from initial assessment patient's difficulties evaluation therapy outcomes.Social properties. The safeness connected cortex. Social compassion systems, vagus nerve. Many forms psychopathology represent activation evolved, defensive strategies especially contexts where there few stimuli indicating support. Heart predicts psychotherapy outcome.

Language: Английский

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Psychotherapy for the 21st century: An integrative, evolutionary, contextual, biopsychosocial approach

Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 164 - 189

Published: April 1, 2019

Fragmentation of processes and interventions plague the psychotherapies (Gilbert & Kirby, ). Part problem is that we have not agreed on a framework could be basis for integrating knowledge scientific enquiry interventions. This paper outlines an approach brings together variety different disciplines in service consilience (Wilson, , Consilience: The unity knowledge, Vintage, New York, NY; Siegel, It presents importance evolutionary understanding proclivities dispositions mental suffering antisocial behaviour, how they are choreographed sociodevelopmental contexts. Building earlier models (Gilbert, Human nature suffering, Routledge, London, UK; Gilbert, Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 2, 135; Br. J. Med. Psychol., 71, 353; Case formulation cognitive behaviour therapy: treatment challenging cases, Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp. 50-89) call integrative, evolutionary, contextual, biopsychosocial to psychology psychotherapy. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Evolutionary functional analysis part health can serve as platform future developments Therapist skills training will increasing need focus multidimensional textures states especially context-social-body linkages. Therapies also more moral aspects therapy address promote prosocial ethical self others.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics of traumatic stress: The association of NR3C1 methylation and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom changes in response to narrative exposure therapy

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Abstract Epigenetic processes allow plasticity in gene regulation response to significant environmental events. Accumulating evidence suggests that effective psychotherapy is accompanied by epigenetic changes, rendering DNA methylation a potential biomarker of therapy success. Due the central role glucocorticoid dynamics stress and alteration aversive memories, receptors are likely involved molecular required successfully treat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study aimed investigate relationship between at receptor ( NR3C1 ) PTSD treatment success evidence-based psychotherapy. A sample N = 153 conflict survivors from Northern Uganda (98 females 55 males) with were treated Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET). Diagnostic interviews saliva sampling took place pretreatment 4 10 months after completion. We investigated associations symptom development changes 38 CpG sites spanning over three times measurement using repeated measures correlation. After accounting for multiple comparisons, site cg25535999 remained negatively associated symptoms. These results followed up mixed models as well structural equation modelling. analyses revealed responders had increase NET. Furthermore, lower predicted higher improvement. Our suggest different profile compared non-responders underscore signaling trauma-focused therapy.

Language: Английский

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The mind in psychotherapy: An interpersonal neurobiology framework for understanding and cultivating mental health

Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 224 - 237

Published: April 18, 2019

In this brief overview, I offer a conceptual approach to the mind that can support whatever clinical, research, public policy, or other you may be involved with. It seeks help both understanding and cultivating of mental health well‐being in our world, especially important encouraging future psychotherapists systems‐oriented multidisciplinary their work. As ideas framework have been published number texts, will simply listing those selected publications at end article outline main factual points as we move along. Practitioner Consilience across wide range disciplines leads an integrated defining mind, health, strategies intervention cultivate well‐being.

Language: Английский

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Methylation Patterns of the FKBP5 Gene in Association with Childhood Maltreatment and Depressive Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1485 - 1485

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Childhood maltreatment is an important risk factor for adult depression and has been associated with changes in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, including cortisol secretion methylation of FKBP5 gene. Furthermore, associations between HPA have reported. This study investigated whole-blood mRNA levels, serum childhood maltreatment, depressive symptoms status (assessed via target bisulfite sequencing) 105 CpGs at locus using data from general population-based Study Health Pomerania (SHIP) (N = 203). Both direct interaction effects rs1360780 single-nucleotide polymorphism were investigated. Nominally significant main on a single CpG site observed intron 3, 7, 3′-end Additionally, two clusters 7 nominally × rs1360780, respectively. The results add to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying emergence could aid development personalised therapy drug development.

Language: Английский

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The Role of FKBPs in Complex Disorders: Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Cancer, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 801 - 801

Published: May 8, 2024

Stress is a common denominator of complex disorders and the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP)51 plays central role in stress. Hence, it not surprising that multiple studies imply involvement FKBP51 and/or its coding gene, FKBP5, disorders. This review summarizes such reports concentrating on three disorder clusters—neuropsychiatric, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We also attempt to point potential mechanisms suggested mediate effect FKBP5/FKBP51 these Neuropsychiatric diseases considered this paper include (i) Huntington’s disease for which increased autophagic cellular clearance related decreased levels or activity discussed, Alzheimer’s has been shown induce Tau phosphorylation aggregation, Parkinson’s context FKBP12 mentioned; (ii) mental disorders, significant association with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1360780 FKBP5 intron 7 along DNA methylation were revealed. Since cancer large group can start almost any organ tissue body, FKBP51’s depends differences among pathways expressed those tumors. The FKBP51–heat-shock protein-(Hsp)90–p23 super-chaperone might function as an oncogene tumor suppressor by downregulating serine/threonine kinase (AKt) pathway. In T2DM, two are highlighted affecting pathogenesis disease—the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) AKt.

Language: Английский

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The Pathways between Cortisol-Related Regulation Genes and PTSD Psychotherapy

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 376 - 376

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only develops after exposure to a traumatic event in some individuals. PTSD can be chronic and debilitating, is associated with co-morbidities such as depression, substance use, cardiometabolic disorders. One of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying development its subsequent maintenance dysfunctional hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The corticotrophin-releasing hormone, cortisol, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), their respective genes are mediators PTSD’s pathophysiology. Several treatments available, including medication psychotherapies, although success rate limited. Some pharmacological therapies based on HPA axis currently being tested clinical trials changes biomarkers have been found occur response not treatments, but also psychotherapy—including epigenetic modification GR gene. Psychotherapies considered first line for guidelines, even though they effective some, all patients PTSD. This review aims address how knowledge axis-related genetic makeup inform predict outcomes psychotherapeutic treatments.

Language: Английский

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Bioinformatic Prioritization and Functional Annotation of GWAS-Based Candidate Genes for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Genes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1055 - 1055

Published: June 13, 2022

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most prevalent subtype, but its exact etiology still unknown. In this study, we aimed to prioritize likely ‘causal’ genes and identify functional characteristics underlying biological pathways of POAG candidate genes. Methods: We used results a large genome-wide association analysis study from GERA UK Biobank cohorts. First, performed systematic gene-prioritization analyses based on: (i) nearest genes; (ii) nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms; (iii) co-regulation analysis; (iv) transcriptome-wide studies; (v) epigenomic data. Next, enrichment find overrepresented tissues. Results: identified 142 prioritized genes, which 64 were novel for POAG. BICC1, AFAP1, ABCA1 highly on four or more lines evidence. The significant related extracellular matrix turnover, transforming growth factor-β, blood vessel development, retinoic acid receptor signaling. Ocular tissues such as sclera trabecular meshwork showed in gene expression (>1.5 fold). found pleiotropy with intraocular pressure optic-disc parameters, well genetic correlation hypertension diabetes-related eye disease. Conclusions: Our findings contribute better understanding molecular mechanisms pathogenesis have many follow-up studies.

Language: Английский

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Development and validation of a novel cell type estimation method for targeted bisulfite sequencing data

Epigenomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: March 18, 2025

Aims Epidemiological studies of DNA methylation often use buccal swabs, which contain mixtures cell types, but no low-cost methods exist for statistical correction in candidate gene using targeted bisulfite sequencing. This study aims to address this gap by estimating the proportion epithelial cells swab and mouthwash samples.

Language: Английский

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