The Reference Genome of Tea Plant and Resequencing of 81 Diverse Accessions Provide Insights into Its Genome Evolution and Adaptation

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1013 - 1026

Published: April 27, 2020

Tea plant is an important economic crop, which used to produce the world's oldest and most widely consumed tea beverages. Here, we present a high-quality reference genome assembly of (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) consisting 15 pseudo-chromosomes. LTR retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) account for 70.38% genome, evidence that LTR-RTs play critical roles in size expansion transcriptional diversification genes through preferential insertion promoter regions introns. Genes, particularly those coding terpene biosynthesis proteins, associated with aroma stress resistance were significantly amplified recent tandem duplications exist as gene clusters genome. Phylogenetic analysis sequences 81 accessions diverse origins revealed three well-differentiated populations, supporting proposition southwest origin Chinese cultivated its later spread western Asia introduction. Domestication modern breeding left significant signatures on hundreds quality resistance. The genomic reported resequenced provide valuable resources future functional genomics study molecular improved cultivars plants.

Language: Английский

---

Tea plant genomics: achievements, challenges and perspectives

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract Tea is among the world’s most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages and possesses enormous economic, health, cultural values. It produced from cured leaves of tea plants, which are important evergreen crops globally cultivated in over 50 countries. Along with recent innovations advances biotechnologies, great progress plant genomics genetics has been achieved, facilitated our understanding molecular mechanisms quality evolution genome. In this review, we briefly summarize achievements past two decades, primarily include diverse genome transcriptome sequencing projects, gene discovery regulation studies, investigation epigenetics noncoding RNAs, origin domestication, phylogenetics germplasm utilization as well newly developed tools/platforms. We also present perspectives possible challenges for future functional genomic studies that will contribute to acceleration breeding programs plants.

Language: Английский

---

Sesquiterpene glucosylation mediated by glucosyltransferase UGT91Q2 is involved in the modulation of cold stress tolerance in tea plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 226(2), P. 362 - 372

Published: Dec. 12, 2019

Plants produce and emit terpenes, including sesquiterpenes, during growth development, which serve different functions in plants. The sesquiterpene nerolidol has health-promoting properties adds a floral scent to However, the glycosylation mechanism of its biological roles plants remained unknown. Sesquiterpene UDP-glucosyltransferases were selected by using metabolites-genes correlation analysis, response cold stress studied. We discovered first plant UGT (UGT91Q2) tea plant, whose expression is strongly induced specifically catalyzes glucosylation nerolidol. accumulation glucoside was consistent with level UGT91Q2 stress, as well cultivars. reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity significantly higher than that free Down-regulation resulted reduced glucoside, ROS tolerance. Tea absorbed airborne converted it subsequently enhancing Nerolidol plays role triggering plant-plant communication stress. Our findings reveal previously unidentified volatiles abiotic

Language: Английский

---

Exploring plant metabolic genomics: chemical diversity, metabolic complexity in the biosynthesis and transport of specialized metabolites with the tea plant as a model

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 40(5), P. 667 - 688

Published: April 22, 2020

The diversity and complexity of secondary metabolites in tea plants contribute substantially to the popularity tea, by determining flavors their numerous health benefits. most significant characteristics are that they concentrate complex plant into one leaf: flavonoids, alkaloids, theanine, volatiles, saponins. Many fundamental questions regarding metabolism remain unanswered. This includes how accumulate high levels monomeric galloylated catechins, unlike polymerized flavan-3-ols other plants, as well evolved selectively synthesize theanine caffeine, properly transport store these cytotoxic products then reuse them defense. Tea coordinate many metabolic pathways simultaneously take place young leaves response both developmental environmental cues. With available genome sequences high-throughput metabolomic tools great platforms, it is particular interest launch genomics studies using a model system. Plant investigate all aspects at genetic, genome, molecular levels. domestication adaptation, divergence convergence metaboloic pathways. biosynthesis, transport, storage, transcriptional regulation mechanisms core whole. review highlights relevant contexts genomics, outstanding questions, strategies for answering them, with aim guide future research genetic improvement nutrition quality healthier foods.

Language: Английский

---

Theanine transporters identified in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 101(1), P. 57 - 70

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

Summary Theanine, a unique non‐proteinogenic amino acid, is an important component of tea, as it confers the umami taste and relaxation effect tea beverage. Theanine primarily synthesized in roots subsequently transported to young shoots, which are harvested for production. Currently, mechanism theanine transport plant remains unknown. Here, by screening yeast mutant library, followed functional analyses, we identified glutamine permease, GNP1 specific transporter yeast. Although there no homolog plant, assessed ability nine acid permease (AAP) family members, with six exhibiting activity. We further determined that CsAAP1, CsAAP2, CsAAP4, CsAAP5, CsAAP6, CsAAP8 exhibited moderate affinities was H + ‐dependent. The tissue‐specific expression these CsAAPs leaves, vascular tissues, root suggested their broad roles loading unloading from system, targeting sink tissues. Furthermore, shown be seasonally regulated, coincident within plant. Finally, CsAAP1 highly correlated root‐to‐bud theanine, seven cultivars. Taken together, findings support hypothesis members CsAAP participate its root‐to‐shoot delivery

Language: Английский

---

Unraveling the Regulatory Mechanism of Color Diversity in Camellia japonica Petals by Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 11, 2021

petals are colorful, rich in anthocyanins, and possess important ornamental, edible, medicinal value. However, the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation

Language: Английский

---

Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family Genes in Camellia sinensis with an Emphasis on Abiotic Stress Conditions

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2020

For a better understanding terpenoid volatile production in Camellia sinensis, global synthase gene (TPS) transcription analysis was conducted based on transcriptomic data combined with metabolic profiling under different abiotic stress conditions. Totally 80 TPS-like genes were identified. Twenty-three CsTPS possessed complete coding sequence and most likely functional. The remaining 57 the currently available database lack essential structure or full-length transcripts. Distinct tempo-spatial expression patterns of found tea plants. 17 substantially expressed all tested organs few exceptions. other predominantly leaves whereas additional eight primarily flowers. Under treatments cold acclimation, salt polyethylene glycol, CsTPS67, -69 -71 suppressed inhibited many others multiple treatments. However, methyl jasmonate resulted enhanced majority genes. These largely validated using qPCR. Moreover, leaves, flowers stress-treated plants revealed general association between abundances mono- sesqui-terpenoids some results provide vital information for future studies regulation biosynthesis.

Language: Английский

---

How does tea (Camellia sinensis) produce specialized metabolites which determine its unique quality and function: a review

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(14), P. 3751 - 3767

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is both a plant and foodstuff. Many bioactive compounds, which are present in the final tea product related to its quality or functional properties, produced during manufacturing process. However, characteristic secondary metabolites, give unique qualities beneficial human health, mainly leaves process of growth. Therefore, it important understand how produce these specialized metabolites. In this review, we first compare common metabolites tea, coffee, cocoa, grape discuss occurrence tea. Progress research into formation summarized, including establishing biological database genetic transformation system, biosynthesis Finally, speculation on future provided from viewpoints origin, resources, cultivation, processing This review provides an reference for terms characteristics.

Language: Английский

---

From Chloroplast Biogenesis to Chlorophyll Accumulation: The Interplay of Light and Hormones on Gene Expression in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao Leaves

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 11, 2020

Chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism have been well described in model plants but not perennial woody crops. Of particular interest is the interplay between light hormones under shade conditions. We report that induced accumulation of chlorophylls Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao leaves at least as a result (a) positive changes chloroplast (b) light/hormonal regulation genes transcription factors involved biosynthesis pathway. Under conditions, developed an abundance enlarged chloroplasts encapsulating more prominent thylakoid membranes. Four major metabolites pathway namely Chl a, b, DPP, Mg-Proto IX increased conditions while PBG decreased significantly. Significant were found level regulators biogenesis (GLK1 LHCB), structural (HEMA1, CLH1, PORA, CAO) potential components signaling (PHYA, CRY1, HY5, DELLAs). Two central signal integrators LHCB) nucleus showed clear responses to shade, suggesting crucial role regulating tea leaves. Concurrent with gene expression, concentrations endogenous phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins) significantly later stages key hormone pathways, EIN3 EBF1/2, levels may play some modulating Overall, this data suggests influence over similar Arabidopsis. This study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms regulate response commercially important plant such Camellia, which facilitate breeding high-chlorophyll cultivars for improvement sensory features green product.

Language: Английский

---

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Climate-Resilient Smart-Crop Breeding

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11156 - 11156

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary field, providing great opportunity in shaping modern crop breeding, and is extensively used indoors for plant science. Advances phenomics, enviromics, together with the other "omics" approaches are paving ways elucidating detailed complex biological mechanisms that motivate functions response to environmental trepidations. These have provided researchers precise tools evaluate important agronomic traits larger-sized germplasm at reduced time interval early growth stages. However, big data relationships within impede understanding of behind genes driving agronomic-trait formations. AI brings huge computational power many new strategies future breeding. The present review will encompass how applications technology, utilized current breeding practice, assist solve problem high-throughput phenotyping gene functional analysis, advances technologies bring opportunities make envirotyping widely Furthermore, methods, linking genotype phenotype remains massive challenge impedes optimal application field phenotyping, genomics, enviromics. In this review, we elaborate on be preferred tool increase accuracy genotyping, data; moreover, explore developing challenges multiomics computing integration. Therefore, integration can allow rapid identification eventually accelerate crop-improvement programs.

Language: Английский

---