A Gγ protein regulates alkaline sensitivity in crops

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 379(6638)

Published: March 23, 2023

The use of alkaline salt lands for crop production is hindered by a scarcity knowledge and breeding efforts plant tolerance. Through genome association analysis sorghum, naturally high-alkaline-tolerant crop, we detected major locus, Alkaline Tolerance 1 (AT1), specifically related to alkaline-salinity sensitivity. An at1 allele with carboxyl-terminal truncation increased sensitivity, whereas knockout AT1 tolerance alkalinity in millet, rice, maize. encodes an atypical G protein γ subunit that affects the phosphorylation aquaporins modulate distribution hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These processes appear protect plants against oxidative stress alkali. Designing knockouts homologs or selecting its natural nonfunctional alleles could improve productivity sodic lands.

Language: Английский

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Extensive variation within the pan-genome of cultivated and wild sorghum

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 766 - 773

Published: May 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Sorghum breeding in the genomic era: opportunities and challenges

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 134(7), P. 1899 - 1924

Published: March 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Omics for the Improvement of Abiotic, Biotic, and Agronomic Traits in Major Cereal Crops: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1989 - 1989

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Omics technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, are becoming an integral part of virtually every commercial cereal crop breeding program, as they provide substantial dividends per unit time in both pre-breeding phases. Continuous advances omics assure efficiency cost benefits to improve crops. This review provides a comprehensive overview the established methods five major cereals, rice, sorghum, maize, barley, bread wheat. We cover evolution technologies each section independently concentrate on their use economically important agronomic well biotic abiotic stress-related traits. Advancements (1) identification, mapping, sequencing molecular/structural variants; (2) high-density transcriptomics data study gene expression patterns; (3) global targeted proteome profiling protein structure interaction; (4) metabolomic quantify organ-level, small-density metabolites, composition; (5) high-resolution, high-throughput, image-based phenomics approaches surveyed this review.

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in the breeding of sorghum crop: current status and future strategies for marker-assisted breeding

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 11, 2023

Sorghum is emerging as a model crop for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses with abundant uses, including food, feed, fuel, among others. It currently the fifth most significant primary cereal crop. Crops are subjected to various biotic abiotic stresses, which negatively impact on agricultural production. Developing high-yielding, disease-resistant, climate-resilient cultivars can be achieved through marker-assisted breeding. Such selection has considerably reduced time market new varieties adapted challenging conditions. In recent years, extensive knowledge was gained about genetic markers. We providing an overview current advances in sorghum breeding initiatives, special focus early breeders who may not familiar DNA Advancements molecular plant breeding, genetics, selection, genome editing have contributed thorough understanding markers, provided proofs variety accessible plants, substantially enhanced technologies. Marker-assisted accelerated precised process, empowering all around world.

Language: Английский

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Variation in mitogenome structural conformation in wild and cultivated lineages of sorghum corresponds with domestication history and plastome evolution

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that central to the metabolic processes of cellular respiration and ATP production. However, evolution mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in plants is virtually unknown compared animal mitogenomes or plant plastids, due complex structural variation long stretches repetitive DNA making accurate genome assembly more challenging. Comparing sequence differences organellar between sorghum species an essential step understanding evolutionary such as transfer nuclear well improving agronomic traits related metabolism.

Language: Английский

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GWAS of grain color and tannin content in Chinese sorghum based on whole-genome sequencing

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 136(4)

Published: March 23, 2023

Seventy-three QTL related to grain color and tannin content were identified in Chinese sorghum accessions, a new recessive allelic variant of TAN2 gene was discovered. Sorghum is mainly used for brewing distilled liquors China. Since tannins play an important role liquor brewing, accurately understanding the relationship between can provide basis selection standards sorghum. We resequenced panel 242 accessions performed population structure genome-wide association study (GWAS) identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting pericarp color, testa pigment, content. Phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), admixture model infer structure. Two distinct genetic sub-populations according their corresponding northern southern geographic origin. To investigate natural variation GWAS with 2,760,264 SNPs conducted four environments using multiple models (Blink, FarmCPU, GLM, MLM). be associated exocarp, mesocarp, testa, on all chromosomes except chromosome 5, which 47 might novel QTL. Some found colocalize orthologous genes flavonoid biosynthetic pathway from other plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) TT2, TT7, TT12, TT16 AT5G41220 (GST), as well rice (Oryza sativa) MYB61 OsbHLH025. Our investigation germplasm may help guide future breeding brewing.

Language: Английский

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Modern Plant Breeding Techniques in Crop Improvement and Genetic Diversity: From Molecular Markers and Gene Editing to Artificial Intelligence—A Critical Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(19), P. 2676 - 2676

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

With the development of new technologies in recent years, researchers have made significant progress crop breeding. Modern breeding differs from traditional because great changes technical means and concepts. Whereas initially focused on high yields, modern focuses orientations based different crops’ audiences or by-products. The process starts creation material populations, which can be constructed by natural mutagenesis, chemical physical mutagenesis transfer DNA (T-DNA), Tos17 (endogenous retrotransposon), etc. Then, gene function mined through QTL mapping, Bulked-segregant analysis (BSA), Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), RNA interference (RNAi), editing. at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational levels, functions genes are described terms post-translational aspects. This article mainly discusses application above scientific technological methods advantages limitations diversity. In particular, editing technology has contributed to research.

Language: Английский

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Role of Genome Sequences of Major and Minor Millets in Strengthening Food and Nutritional Security for Future Generations

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 670 - 670

Published: April 25, 2024

Millets are small-seeded cereals belonging to the family Poaceae. They considered be climate-resilient and future nutritional food for humans. resistant biotic abiotic stressors compared other major thrive in low-quality soils with little maintenance less rainfall. The importance of millets is still not well known many people due lack popularity cultivation semi-arid tropics Asia Africa. United Nations has declared 2023 as International Year (IYM 2023) promote millet popularize their health benefits globally. A few years ago, application molecular biology was its infancy unavailability genome sequences. Genome sequences available most on NCBI Phytozome databases. In this review, we discuss details millets, candidate genes identified from native millets. current status quantitative trait loci genome-wide association studies also discussed. utilization functional genomics research translating information crop improvement will help non-millet survive harsh environments future. Such efforts strengthen security reduce malnutrition worldwide 2050.

Language: Английский

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Breeding Potentials of Bambara Groundnut for Food and Nutrition Security in the Face of Climate Change

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Constant production of quality food should be a norm in any community, but climate change, increasing population, and unavailability land for farming affect production. As result, scarcity is affecting some communities, especially the developing world. Finding stable solution to this problem major cause concern researchers. Synergistic application molecular marker techniques with next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can unlock potentials hidden most crop genomes improving yield availability. Most crops such as Bambara groundnut (BGN), Winged bean, African yam bean are underutilized. These underutilized compete cowpea, soybean, maize, rice, areas nutrition, ability withstand drought stress, economic importance, One these crops, BGN [Vigna subterranea (L.), Verdc.], an indigenous legume survive tropical climates marginal soils. In review, we focus on roles opportunities it possesses tackling insecurity its benefits local farmers. We will discuss BGN's potential impact global how advances NGS enhance

Language: Английский

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