Genetic and Phenotypic Evaluation of European Maize Landraces as a Tool for Conservation and Valorization of Agrobiodiversity

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 454 - 454

Published: June 19, 2024

The ECPGR European Evaluation Network (EVA) for Maize involves genebanks, research institutions, and private breeding companies from nine countries focusing on the valorization of maize genetic resources across Europe. This study describes a diverse collection 626 local landraces traditional varieties (Zea mays L.) including criteria selection its phenotypic diversity. High-throughput pool genotyping grouped into groups with threshold 0.6 admixture, while 277 accessions were designated admixed likely to have resulted previous activities. grouping correlated well geographic origins collection, also reflecting various pathways introduction Phenotypic evaluations 588 flowering time plant architecture in multilocation trials over three years confirmed great diversity within although clusters only partially grouping. EVA approach promotes conservation opens an opportunity increase variability developing improved populations farmers, better adaptation specific environments greater tolerance stresses. As such, provides valuable sources facing climate change due varieties’ adaptation.

Language: Английский

---

Maize dispersal patterns associated with different types of endosperm and migration of indigenous groups in lowland South America

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 129(6), P. 737 - 751

Published: April 7, 2022

The lowlands of South America appear to be remarkably important in the evolutionary history maize, due new evidence that suggests maize dispersed from Mexico and arrived this region a state partial domestication. This study aimed identify dispersal patterns genetic diversity part continent.A total 170 accessions were characterized with 4398 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysed determine if was associated types endosperm indigenous language families.Four groups identified discriminant analysis principal components five cluster (neighbour-joining method). structured according predominance (popcorn, floury, flint/semi-flint). Spatial component variation different for each type can hypotheses expansions groups.From possible origin Southwestern Amazonia, routes emerged: (1) towards Northern which continued Caatinga south-eastern Atlantic Forest (Floury); (2) Southern Brazil, passing through Cerrado reaching Pampa (3) along Coast, following Tupi movements originating two separate expansions: one (Tupinamba) north south, other (Guarani) opposite direction, south (flint, floury popcorn).

Language: Английский

---

Phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity of Tunisian maize landraces

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0316185 - e0316185

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Based on history, maize was first introduced into Tunisia and northern Africa, at large, from the south of Spain. Several subsequent introductions were made diverse origins, generating new landraces by recombination selection for adaptation to arid environments. This study aimed investigate phylogenetic relationships among Tunisian with possible sources introduction neighboring countries. Ten genotyped 23656SNPs along a panel diversity 171 originating Algeria, Europe, America. The very distinct those countries, they classified three main clusters that could be basis investigating heterotic groups. other countries supported hypothesis Spain These germplasm groups studying patterns sample North Africa in general. identifying favorable alleles improve tolerance abiotic stresses.

Language: Английский

---

Genotyping by sequencing reveals the genetic diversity and population structure of Peruvian highland maize races

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Peruvian maize exhibits abundant morphological diversity, with landraces cultivated from sea level (sl) up to 3,500 m above sl. Previous research based on descriptors, defined at least 52 races, but its genetic diversity and population structure remains largely unknown. Here, we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) obtain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that allow inferring the of 423 accessions genebank Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina (UNALM) Autónoma de Tayacaja (UNAT). These represent nine races one sub-race, along 15 open-pollinated lines (purple corn) two yellow hybrids. It was possible 14,235 high-quality SNPs distributed 10 chromosomes maize. Gene ranged 0.33 (sub-race Pachia) 0.362 (race Ancashino), race Cusco showing lowest inbreeding coefficient (0.205) Ancashino highest (0.274) for landraces. Population divergence (FST) very low (mean = 0.017), thus depicting extensive interbreeding among A cluster containing Ancash, Apurímac, Ayacucho exhibited variability. analysis indicated these distinct genotypes can be included in groups, some clustering together. failed recovered as monophyletic; instead, our phylogenetic tree identified clades corresponding groups classification their chronological origin, is, anciently derived or primary lately secondary races. Additionally, are also congruent geographic origin reflecting mixed evolutionary backgrounds constant evolution. germplasm needs further investigation modern technologies better use them massively breeding programs favor agriculture mainly South American highlands. We expect this work will pave a path establishing more accurate conservation strategies precious crop resource.

Language: Английский

---

Local Selection Shaped the Diversity of European Maize Landraces

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

ABSTRACT The introduction of populations to novel environments can lead a loss genetic diversity and the accumulation deleterious mutations due selection demographic changes. We investigate how recent maize Europe shaped differentiation European traditional quantify impact its range expansion consecutive breeding on load. use genome‐wide markers almost 2000 individuals from 38 landraces, 155 elite lines, large set doubled haploid lines derived two landraces find extensive population structure within maize, with being highly differentiated even over short geographic distances. Yet, change does not follow continuous pattern expansions. Landraces maintain high that is distinct between decrease along possible routes. Signals positive in overlap Asian suggest convergent during introductions. At same time, environmental factors partially explain differences across Europe. Consistent maintenance diversity, we no evidence load accumulating route maize. However, modern likely purged alleles but accumulated germplasm. Our results reconstruct history show have maintained could reduce pools.

Language: Английский

---

Genotyping-by-sequencing reveals the genetic diversity and population structure of Peruvian highland maize races

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 10, 2024

Peruvian maize exhibits abundant morphological diversity, with landraces cultivated from sea level (sl) up to 3,500 m above sl. Previous research based on descriptors, defined at least 52 races, but its genetic diversity and population structure remains largely unknown. Here we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) obtain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that allow inferring the of 423 accessions genebank Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina (UNALM) Autónoma de Tayacaja (UNAT). These represent nine races one sub-race, along 15 open-pollinated lines (purple corn) two yellow hybrids. It was possible 14,235 high-quality SNPs distributed 10 chromosomes maize. Gene ranged 0.33 (sub-race Pachia) 0.362 (race Ancashino), race Cusco showing lowest inbreeding coefficient (0.205) Ancashino highest (0.274) for landraces. Population divergence (F_ST) very low (mean = 0.017), thus depicting extensive interbreeding among analysis indicated these distinct genotypes can be included in groups, some clustering together. failed recovered as monophyletic; instead, our phylogenetic tree identified clades corresponding groups classification their chronological origin, i.e., anciently derived or primary lately secondary races. Additionally, are also congruent geographic origin reflecting mixed evolutionary backgrounds constant evolution. germplasm needs further investigation modern technologies better use them massively breeding programs favor agriculture mainly South American highlands. We expect this work will pave a path establishing more accurate conservation strategies precious crop resource.

Language: Английский

---

Reconstructing queen genotypes by pool sequencing colonies in eusocial insects: Statistical Methods and their application to honeybee

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 3035 - 3048

Published: July 11, 2022

Eusocial insects are crucial to many ecosystems, and particularly the honeybee (Apis mellifera). One approach facilitate their study in molecular genetics, is consider whole-colony genotyping by combining DNA of multiple individuals a single pool sequencing experiment. Cheap fast, this technique comes with drawback producing data requiring dedicated methods be fully exploited. Despite limitation, have been shown informative cost-effective when working on random mating populations. Here, we present new statistical for exploiting eusocial colonies order reconstruct genotypes queen such colony. This leverages possibility monitor genetic diversity, perform genomic-based studies or implement selective breeding. Using simulations real data, show that allow fast accurate estimation queen's ancestry, correlations about 0.9 obtained from individual genotyping. Also, it allows an reconstruction genotypes, 2% error. We further validate these inferences using experimental both drones. In brief, models accurately estimate ancestry workers Such information exploit traditional population genetics analyses, association While validated Apis mellifera, applicable other hymenopterans.

Language: Английский

---

Deciphering the Genetic Diversity of Landraces With High-Throughput SNP Genotyping of DNA Bulks: Methodology and Application to the Maize 50k Array

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 7, 2021

Genebanks harbor original landraces carrying many favorable alleles for mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. Their genetic diversity remains, however, poorly characterized due to their large within diversity. We developed a high-throughput, cheap labor saving DNA bulk approach based on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Illumina Infinium HD array genotype landraces. Samples were gathered each landrace by mixing equal weights from young leaves, which was extracted. then estimated allelic frequencies in fluorescent intensity ratio (FIR) between two at SNP using step-approach. first tested either whether the monomorphic or polymorphic according FIR distributions of individuals homozygous allele A B, respectively. If polymorphic, we its frequency predictive equation calibrated bulks with known frequencies. Our approach: (i) gives accurate estimations that are highly reproducible across laboratories, (ii) protects against false detection fixation 23,412 SNPs 156 representing American European maize Modified Roger's Distance 17 simple sequence repeats same correlated, suggesting ascertainment bias is low. affordable, easy implement does not require specific bioinformatics support laboratory equipment, therefore should be relevant large-scale characterization genebanks wide range species.

Language: Английский

---

Fruit Quality Traits and Nutritional Value of Tomato F1 Hybrids Derived from Traditional Varieties

Published: March 18, 2024

The high genetic diversity of the tomato and its micronutrient content make this fruit very interesting from an economic nutritional point view. erosion suffered by crop, due to breeding objectives based on yield marketing, makes it necessary return origins in search organoleptic quality lost traditional varieties. In study, agronomic, physical, characteristics eighteen F1 hybrids obtained crossing fourteen varieties, previously selected for their quality, were studied select genotypes superior that could be candidates new. All parameters strongly influenced genotype, showing a wide range between cultivars. Principal Component Analysis revealed each hybrid made stand out others. Some (H3, H4, H6) because concentration active compounds, others (H16, H15, H10, H17, H9, H11) agronomic performance β-carotene, H5 was only one contain chlorophyll ripe fruits. Finally, evaluation index allowed selection five with characteristics, combining good

Language: Английский

---

Fruit Agronomic and Quality Traits of Tomato F1 Hybrids Derived from Traditional Varieties

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 440 - 440

Published: April 25, 2024

The high genetic diversity of the tomato and its micronutrient content make this fruit very interesting from an economic nutritional point view. erosion suffered by crop, due to breeding objectives based on yield marketing, makes it necessary return origins in search organoleptic quality lost traditional varieties. In study, agronomic, physical, organoleptic, characteristics eighteen F1 hybrids, obtained crossing fourteen varieties, previously selected for their quality, were studied order select genotypes superior that could be candidates new All parameters strongly influenced genotype, with a wide range between Most experimental hybrids showed higher scores than commercial used as controls, extensive selection process carried out parents previous work. Principal component analysis revealed each hybrid distinguished others. Some (H1, H2, H4) stood concentration active compounds, others (H14, H13, H8, H15, H7, H9) agronomic performance β-carotene content, H3 was only one contain chlorophyll ripe fruits. Finally, evaluation index allowed five characteristics, combining good quality. results work have group which will programme, fixed resilience increased through introduction virus resistance.

Language: Английский

---