Polyploidy: an evolutionary and ecological force in stressful times

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 11 - 26

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Polyploidy has been hypothesized to be both an evolutionary dead-end and a source for innovation species diversification. Although polyploid organisms, especially plants, abound, the apparent nonrandom long-term establishment of genome duplications suggests link with environmental conditions. Whole-genome seem correlate periods extinction or global change, while polyploids often thrive in harsh disturbed environments. Evidence is also accumulating that biotic interactions, instance, pathogens mutualists, affect differently than nonpolyploids. Here, we review recent findings insights on effect abiotic stress versus nonpolyploids propose response general important even determining factor success polyploidy.

Language: Английский

---

Anatomy of a mega‐radiation: Biogeography and niche evolution in Astragalus

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(3)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Premise Astragalus (Fabaceae), with more than 3000 species, represents a globally successful radiation of morphologically highly similar species predominant across the northern hemisphere. It has attracted attention from systematists and biogeographers, who have asked what factors might be behind extraordinary diversity this important arid‐adapted clade sets it apart close relatives far less richness. Methods Here, for first time using extensive phylogenetic sampling, we whether (1) is uniquely characterized by bursts or diversification instead uniform no different closely related taxa. Then tested attributable specifically to its predilection (2) cold arid habitats, (3) particular soils, (4) chromosome evolution. Finally, (5) originated in central Asia as proposed (6) niche evolutionary shifts were subsequently associated colonization other continents. Results Our results point importance heterogeneity , upshifts earliest divergences but not strongly tied any abiotic factor biogeographic regionalization here. The only potential correlate identified was number. Biogeographic strong association environment highlight gateway. Conclusions investigation shows studies logistically challenging “mega‐radiations.” findings reject simple key innovation high underline often nuanced, multifactorial processes leading species‐rich clades.

Language: Английский

---

Comparative diversification analyses of Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae reveal complex evolutionary history as species disperse out of Mesoamerica

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

The movement of lineages into novel areas can promote ecological opportunity and adaptive radiation, leading to significant species diversity. Not all studies, however, have identified support for associated with intercontinental colonizations. To gain key insights the drivers opportunity, we tested whether dispersals resulted in using Hydrangeaceae-Loasaceae clade, which has numerous centers diversity across globe. A time-calibrated phylogeny was reconstructed from four molecular markers. We bursts speciation rates followed by a decrease as expected phylogenetic patterns under an model. Ancestral ranges were estimated historical biogeographic analyses examine relationships ancestral distributions habitats extinction rates. Hydrangeaceae Loasaceae originated arid Mesoamerica, then dispersed South America, Eurasia, eastern North America. Six clades experienced increased diversification rates, but those increases not transitions new continental areas. Mentzelia section Bartonia only clade that exhibited burst decrease. Both families environments multiple mesic tropical environments, higher speciation-to-extinction ratio than western Nearctic. Dispersal between continents did trigger rate shifts Hydrangeaceae. Instead, occurred regions inhabited intrafamilial relatives likely driven climate change Miocene, where drier microhabitats diversified newly created habitats.

Language: Английский

---

Rapid in situ diversification rates in Rhamnaceae explain the parallel evolution of high diversity in temperate biomes from global to local scales

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 241(4), P. 1851 - 1865

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Summary The macroevolutionary processes that have shaped biodiversity across the temperate realm remain poorly understood and may resulted from evolutionary dynamics related to diversification rates, dispersal colonization times, closely coupled with Cenozoic climate change. We integrated phylogenomic, environmental ordination, analyses for cosmopolitan angiosperm family Rhamnaceae disentangle contributed high species diversity within biomes. Our results show independent of environmentally similar but geographically separated regions mainly during Oligocene, consistent global expansion High global, regional, local was result in situ rather than immigration rates or accumulation time, except Southern China, which colonized much earlier other regions. relatively common lineage dispersals out hotspots highlight strong source‐sink distribution Rhamnaceae. proliferation environments since Oligocene provided ecological opportunity rapid realm. study illustrates importance establishment modern biomes spatial scales.

Language: Английский

---

Asteraceae as a model system for evolutionary studies: from fossils to genomes

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 200(2), P. 143 - 164

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Abstract With c. 24 700 species (10% of all flowering plants), Asteraceae are one the largest and most phenotypically diverse angiosperm families, with considerable economic ecological importance. distributed worldwide, from nearly polar latitudes way to tropics, occur across a range habitats extreme deserts swamps lowland rainforests alpine tundra. Altogether, these characteristics make this family an outstanding model system address broad eco-evolutionary questions. In review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding on basis joint efforts by specialists fields palaeobotany, cytogenetics, comparative genomics phylogenomics. We will highlight how developments opening up new possibilities for integrating better comprehending evolution beyond Asteraceae.

Language: Английский

---

Edaphic specialization onto bare, rocky outcrops as a factor in the evolution of desert angiosperms

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(6)

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Understanding the processes that enable organisms to shift into more arid environments as they emerge is critical for gauging resilience climate change, yet these forces remain poorly known. In a comprehensive clade-based study, we investigate recent shifts North American deserts in rock daisies (tribe Perityleae), diverse tribe of desert sunflowers (Compositae). We sample across two separate contact zones between tropical deciduous forest and biomes western America infer time-calibrated phylogeny based on target capture sequence data. biome using Bayesian inference with paleobiome-informed models find evidence seven independent habitats since onset aridification late Miocene. The earliest occurred out forests led an extensive radiation throughout accounts majority extant daisies. Estimates life history micro-habitat reveal correlation suffrutescent perennial edaphic endemism onto rocky outcrops, ecological specialization evolved prior establishment diversification deserts. That insular stemmed from ancestors preadapted dry conditions endemics otherwise densely vegetated northwest Mexico underscores crucial role exaptation dispersal environments.

Language: Английский

---

Phylogenomics of Puya (Bromeliaceae): Evolution in the Andean slopes and sky island ecosystems

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(2), P. 257 - 274

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Phylogenomics enhances our understanding of plant radiations in the biodiverse Andes. Our study focuses on Puya , primarily Andean and a part Bromeliaceae family. Using phylogenomic framework based Angiosperms353 probe set for 80 species, we explored ′s phenotypic evolution biogeography. Divergence time analyses ancestral area estimations suggested that originated Central Coastal Chile around 9 million years ago (Ma). Subsequently, it dispersed to dry valleys Andes Puna regions between 5–8 Ma, leading emergence major lineages. Key events last 2–4 include recolonization Chilean lowlands dispersal northern via Peru's Jalcas, facilitating passage through Huancabamba depression. This event gave rise high‐elevation Northern clade. phylogenetic comparative methods, tested hypothesis adaptation Andes' island‐like ecosystems was facilitated by unique leaf floral traits, life history, inflorescence morphology. findings suggest correlations axis compression, protective bract overlap, living, potentially preventing reproductive structure freezing. Semelparity evolved exclusively at high elevations, although its precise adaptive value remains uncertain. offers insights into evolution, highlighting lineages adapted can easily transition biomes. It also underscores how nature influences rates. Moreover, opens avenues explore genetic mechanisms underlying extreme mountain conditions.

Language: Английский

---

Polyploidy and environmental stress response: a comparative study of fern gametophytes

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2024

Summary Climate change is rapidly altering natural habitats and generating complex patterns of environmental stress. Ferns are major components many forest understories and, given their independent gametophyte generation, may experience unique pressures in emerging temperature drought regimes. Polyploidy widespread ferns provide a selective advantage these changing environments. This work aimed to understand whether the gametophytes allopolyploid respond differently climate‐related physiological stress than diploid parents. The experimental approach involved multifactorial design with 27 treatment combinations including exposure multiple levels over three durations, recovery measured at timepoints. We Chl fluorescence from 2000 evaluate avoidance tolerance polyploid species. Polyploids generally showed greater ability avoid and/or tolerate range conditions compared counterparts, suggesting that polyploidy confer enhanced flexibility resilience under climate Overall, results suggest some mixed ploidy populations. However, all species remain susceptible impacts extreme heat

Language: Английский

---

Trait dimensions of abiotic stress tolerance in woody plants of the Northern Hemisphere

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 272 - 285

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Abstract Aim Trade‐offs among tolerances to different abiotic stressors limit polytolerance in woody plants. However, the general trait syndromes that underlie large‐scale tolerance patterns of plants remain controversial. Here, we tested if leading dimensions define global spectrum plant form and function capture underlying trade‐offs limiting polytolerance. Location Northern Hemisphere. Time Period Present. Major Taxa Studied Woody Methods We used a dataset 779 species link defining with two summarizing drought, shade, cold waterlogging. Stress were trade‐off between drought cold/waterlogging strategies, shade spectrum. Relationships stress evaluated using additive models separately for deciduous evergreen angiosperms, gymnosperms. Results Drought‐tolerant angiosperms showed greater specific stem density (SSD) seed mass (SM), lower leaf area (SLA) nitrogen content per (LN), compared cold/waterlogging‐tolerant species. Shade‐tolerant displayed SSD SM SLA LN intolerant angiosperms. Highly contrasting adaptations also distinguished drought‐ (greater SSD, SLA, LN) from shade‐tolerant Main Conclusions The ‘SSD–SM’ ‘SLA–LN’ mainly distinguish or drought‐tolerant shade‐ Our results support conservative strategy shade‐intolerant species, some differences functional types probably due lifespans. Overall, our findings identify constraints on provide framework integrate additional fully elucidate such constraints.

Language: Английский

---

The link between ancient whole‐genome duplications and cold adaptations in the Caryophyllaceae

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(8)

Published: June 2, 2024

Abstract Premise The Caryophyllaceae (the carnation family) have undergone multiple transitions into colder climates and convergence on cushion plant adaptation, indicating that they may provide a natural system for cold adaptation research. Previous research has suggested putative ancient whole‐genome duplications (WGDs) are correlated with niche shifts across the Caryophyllales. Here, we explored genomic changes potentially involved in one of these discovered Caryophyllaceae. Methods We constructed data set combining 26 newly generated transcriptomes 45 published transcriptomes, including 11 species seven genera. With this set, inferred dated phylogeny mapped WGDs gene onto phylogeny. also examined functional groups enriched related to climatic shift. Results ASTRAL topology was mostly congruent current consensus relationships within family. 15 family, eight not been previously published. oldest WGD (ca. 64.4–56.7 million years ago), WGD1, found be associated shift by previous Gene regions ubiquitination were overrepresented retained after WGD1 those convergently plants Colobanthus Eremogone , along other annotations. Conclusions family expansions induced contributed niches Transcriptomic crucial resources help unravel heterogeneity deep‐time evolutionary patterns plants.

Language: Английский

---