Systemic stomatal responses in plants: Coordinating development, stress, and pathogen defense under a changing climate

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 1171 - 1184

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract To successfully survive, develop, grow and reproduce, multicellular organisms must coordinate their molecular, physiological, developmental metabolic responses among different cells tissues. This process is mediated by cell‐to‐cell, vascular and/or volatile communication, involves electric, chemical hydraulic signals. Within this context, stomata serve a dual role coordinating to the environment with neighbouring at epidermis, but also other present on parts of plant. As represent one most important conduits between plant its above‐ground environment, as well directly affect photosynthesis, respiration status controlling gas vapour exchange atmosphere, overall response within leaves tissues plays cardinal in growth, development reproduction. Here, we discuss examples local systemic stomatal coordination, signalling pathways that mediate them, importance coordination our food supply, ecosystems weather patterns, under changing climate. We further potential biotechnological implications regulating for enhancing agricultural productivity warmer CO 2 ‐rich environment.

Language: Английский

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Linking water‐use strategies with drought resistance across herbaceous crops

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Woody plants minimize xylem embolism formation during drought essentially by closing stomata at higher water potentials and/or increasing the resistance to embolism. Both of these mechanisms result in a stomatal safety margin (SSM), which is potential difference between closure and formation. Here, we investigated whether SSM represents mechanism for herbaceous how different water‐use strategies impact their survival. For that, exposed four crops with contrasting severe deficit assess drought‐induced damage mortality. Unlike woody species, was not associated plant survival crops. Soybean, presented largest across (1.67 MPa), exhibited earliest mortality leaves whole as well highest rate (100%) end period. Cowpea, an 0.63 MPa, most drought‐resistant latest leaf (100%). The effective traits ensuring under were those related avoidance such (1) early closure, (2) very low residual transpiration post‐stomatal (3) high capacitance pre‐ post‐turgor loss.

Language: Английский

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Abscisic Acid Affects Phenolic Acid Content to Increase Tolerance to UV-B Stress in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1234 - 1234

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

The presence of the ozone hole increases amount UV radiation reaching a plant's surface, and UV-B is an abiotic stress capable affecting plant growth. Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum) grows in alpine regions, where strong present, has been able to adapt over long period evolution. We investigated response R. leaves using widely targeted metabolomics transcriptomics. Although phytohormones have studied for many years growth development adaptation environmental stresses, this paper innovative terms species methods used. Using unique latest research methods, was add information topic chrysanthum. treated grown simulated environment, with group M receiving no groups N Q (externally applied abscisic acid treatment) 2 days (8 h per day). results MN showed significant changes phenolic accumulation differential expression genes related synthesis after radiation. combined transcriptomics data map metabolic regulatory network acids under order investigate such secondary metabolites stress. L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine phenylpyruvic contents were significantly increased Simultaneously, levels 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2-phenylethanol, anthranilate, 2-hydroxycinnamic 3-hydroxycinnamic α-hydroxycinnamic 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic pathway elevated In contrast, study NQ found that externally (ABA) had greater tolerance radiation, influence ABA also differences. 1-o-p-coumaroyl-β-d-glucose, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic 3-o-feruloylquinic ac-id-o-glucoside external application protect against Taken together, these studies three indicated can production promote stress, which provided theoretical reference its complex molecular mechanism.

Language: Английский

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Gradients in embolism resistance within stems driven by secondary growth in herbs

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(8), P. 2986 - 2998

Published: April 21, 2024

Abstract The stems of some herbaceous species can undergo basal secondary growth, leading to a continuum in the degree woodiness along stem. Whether formation growth stem base results differences embolism resistance between and upper portions is unknown. We assessed leaves simultaneously within same individuals two divergent that mature bases. were Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) Senecio minimus (fireweed). Basal plants both displayed advanced greater than This also resulted significant vulnerability segmentation species. Greater woodier was found alongside decreases pith‐to‐xylem ratio, increases proportion xylem, lignin content. show there be considerable variation across herbs this linked present. A gradient could an adaptation ensure reproduction or resprouting during episodes drought late lifecycle.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Soybean Genetic Improvement

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 3073 - 3073

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

The soybean (

Language: Английский

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Hydraulic traits are coordinated but decoupled from carbon traits in herbaceous species

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

Abstract Plant hydraulic traits primarily define the water regulation strategy, thus enabling a better understanding of vegetation structure, function and dynamics under varying hydro‐environments. Despite being intensively documented in woody species, variation correlation across herbaceous species remain largely understudied. Here, we report on leaf hydraulics nine herbs with contrasting growth forms (graminoid forb). Traits quantifying drought resistance, including potential thresholds triggering xylem embolism (P x ), stomatal closure gs ) or turgor loss point tlp minimum conductance (g min together gas exchange, morphological biomass allocation, were measured pot‐grown plants. In addition, an situ dry‐down was imposed four representative level continuously monitored during dehydration to determine embolism. We found that studied graminoids tended be more tolerant than forbs, although difference safety margin for (HSM st did not differ significantly between these forms. Across P coordinated , but decoupled from exchange traits, maximum photosynthetic rate conductance. Furthermore, no correlations specific area ratio aboveground belowground biomass. For plants experienced dehydration, always preceded onset leaves. Moreover, exhibited distinct strategy despite belonging same form. Our findings contribute herb hydraulics, which will inform prediction grassy ecosystems by providing data guiding classification plant functional types ‘grassy’ ecosystems. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Propionic Acid Signalling Modulates Stomatal Opening and Drives Energy Metabolism to Enhance Drought Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

ABSTRACT Drought stress caused by global climate change severely imperils crop productivity and increases environmental deterioration. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is an important worldwide food crop. resistance in wheat encompasses functional gene transcription, metabolism, hormone signalling, protein modifications. However, the underlying mechanisms which these regulatory responses are coordinated remain unknown. Herein, we report a drought‐resistance network triggers dynamic metabolic flux conversion from propionic acid (PA) to tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle through beta‐oxidation of fatty acids stimulates crosstalk various hormonal signals. It also possible that P300/CREB regulates histone acetylation confer drought wheat. Exogenous PA drives TCA glycolysis promotes stomatal closure hormones crosstalk. From Aegilops tauschii Cosson (the diploid progenitor common wheat) wheat, this novel function serves as survival strategy against changes, was validated field experiments. Our results highlight new comprehensive systemic effects genes, metabolomics, modification on provide insights into improving agroecological environment.

Language: Английский

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Duplicated OsATG9 Genes Antagonise Autophagy to Balance Growth and Drought Tolerance in Rice

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Gene duplication events frequently occur during eukaryotic genome evolution, often leading to functional redundancy for organism survival in complex environments. However, whether duplicate genes evolve diverse functions remains unclear. In this study, we explored the roles of autophagy‐related gene 9 OsATG9a and OsATG9b rice development drought stress responses. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway, plays a critical role multiple biological processes by recycling cellular components. We found both involved autophagy, with affecting traits like grain size, plant height, tiller number, primary branch panicle length. Notably, exhibited distinct response stress. The osatg9a mutant displayed lower rate than wild type (WT) after stress, similar other osatg mutants, while osatg9b showed opposite. Moreover, autophagy flux decreased but increased , surpassing WT response. Overexpression resulted rates reduced induction under ABA related were opposite compared WT. These suggest that promotes negatively impacts it, representing newly evolved function differently regulating pathway. Our findings provided insights into divergence evolution.

Language: Английский

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+RNA Viruses Enhance Plant Drought Tolerance Through Modulation of Phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1)‐Derived Phosphatidic Acid (PA)

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Numerous studies suggest that virus infections can improve drought resistance in host plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used Turnip mosaic (TuMV), Potato Y (PVY), Tomato bushy stunt (TBSV) and Nicotiana benthamiana as model systems to investigate these mechanisms. Our findings reveal abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway is strongly durably induced by +RNA infection essential for virus‐induced tolerance. Notably, although ABA content increased following infection, elevation was not necessary downstream or Instead, tolerance relies on N. phospholipase Dα1 (NbPLDα1)‐derived phosphatidic (PA). Knockout of NbPLDα1 disruption interaction between viral proteins impaired ability viruses activate enhance The increase levels appears result from feedback regulation PA‐activated signalling. Overall, our results plant modulating NbPLDα1‐derived PA rather than promoting production.

Language: Английский

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Peroxidase gene TaPrx109‐B1 enhances wheat tolerance to water deficit via modulating stomatal density

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(8), P. 2954 - 2970

Published: April 17, 2024

Abstract Increasing the tolerance of crops to water deficit is crucial for improvement crop production in water‐restricted regions. Here, a wheat peroxidase gene ( TaPrx109‐B1 ) belonging class III family was identified and its function revealed. We demonstrated that overexpression reduced leaf H 2 O level stomatal density, increased relative content, use efficiency, deficit. The expression TaEPF1 TaEPF2 , two key negative regulators development, were significantly upregulated lines. Furthermore, exogenous downregulated while application diphenyleneiodonium chloride, potent NADPH oxidase inhibitor repressed synthesis decreased enhanced These findings suggest influences density by modulation . results field trial showed overexpressing grain number per spike, which yield loss caused deficiency. Therefore, has great potential breeding varieties with improved tolerance.

Language: Английский

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