Central European 2018 hot drought shifts scots pine forest to its tipping point

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1186 - 1197

Published: July 23, 2022

The occurrence of hot drought, i.e. low water availability and simultaneous high air temperature, represents a severe threat to ecosystems. Here, we investigated how the 2018 drought in Central Europe caused tipping point tree ecosystem functioning Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest southwest Germany. Measurements stress indicators, such as needle potential, carbon assimilation volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, dominant P. trees were deployed evaluate during drought. Ecosystem impact recovery assessed exchange, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite data mortality data. During summer 2018, potentials dropped minimum values -7.5 ± 0.2 MPa, which implied hydraulic impairment sylvestris. Likewise, VOC emissions strongly declined after mid-July. Decreasing NDVI August onwards detected, along with defoliation sylvestris, impairing flux 2019, shifting into year-round source. A total 47% all monitored (n = 368) died by September 2020. recovered pre-2018 levels likely emerging broadleaved understorey species. had negative impacts on co-occurrence unfavourable site-specific conditions recurrent droughts resulted accelerated mortality. Thus, pushed stand towards its point, subsequent shift broadleaf-dominated forest.

Language: Английский

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Pre- and post-drought conditions drive resilience of Pinus halepensis across its distribution range

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 109577 - 109577

Published: July 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Neighbourhood species richness and drought‐tolerance traits modulate tree growth and δ¹³C responses to drought

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 330 - 345

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract Mixed‐species forests are promoted as a forest management strategy for climate change adaptation, but whether they more resistant to drought than monospecific remains contested. In particular, the trait‐based mechanisms driving role of tree diversity under remain elusive. Using cores from large‐scale biodiversity experiment, we investigated growth and physiological stress responses ( i.e. increase in wood carbon isotopic ratio; δ 13 C) changes climate‐induced water availability (wet dry years) along gradients neighbourhood species richness drought‐tolerance traits. We hypothesized that increases decreases C these relationships modulated by abiotic climatic conditions) biotic context. characterised context using traits focal trees their neighbours. These related cavitation resistance versus resource acquisition stomatal control. Tree increased with richness. However, did not observe universal relief species‐rich neighbourhoods. The effects on were At either end each gradient, responded opposing directions during wet years. show species' can explain strength nature biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experimental communities experiencing drought. Mixing may universally relieve stress.

Language: Английский

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Climate anomalies and neighbourhood crowding interact in shaping tree growth in old‐growth and selectively logged tropical forests

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(3), P. 590 - 612

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Abstract Climate extremes and biotic interactions at the neighbourhood scale affect tropical forest dynamics with long‐term consequences for biodiversity, global carbon cycling climate change mitigation. However, disturbance may crowding intensity, thus relative contribution of on tree growth, thereby influencing resistance resilience to change. Here, we aim evaluate separate interactive effects neighbours growth in old‐growth disturbed forests. We used 30 years measurements over 300 species from 15 plots French Guiana investigate anomalies (in solar radiation, maximum temperature, vapour pressure deficit climatic water deficit) individual growth. Contrasting selectively logged forests, also examined how history affects sensitivity neighbours. Finally, most abundant 100 species, evaluated role 12 functional traits pertaining relations, light use mediating anomalies, their interactions. tied heat drought stress independently reduced showed positive which attenuated Their were stronger than undisturbed Fast‐growing (i.e. higher intrinsic rates) more forests sensitive crowding. Traits related captured sensitivities different levels but weak predictors Synthesis : Our results demonstrate that can interact shape suggesting considering context improve predictions facing altered regimes. Furthermore, capture neighbours, better representing leading dimensions strategies offers a promising way towards understanding underlying ecological mechanisms govern dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Forest growth resistance and resilience to the 2018–2020 drought depend on tree diversity and mycorrhizal type

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(8), P. 1787 - 1803

Published: July 12, 2024

Abstract The frequency of consecutive drought years is predicted to increase due climate change. These droughts have strong negative impacts on forest ecosystems. Mixing tree species proposed the resistance and resilience communities. However, this promising diversity effect has not yet been investigated under extreme conditions in context complementary mycorrhizal associations their potential role improving water uptake. Here, we investigate whether promotes growth responses are modulated by associations. We used inventory data (2015–2021) from a young experiment Germany, manipulating richness (1, 2 4 species) type (communities containing arbuscular [AM] or ectomycorrhizal [EM] species, both). For all communities, calculated basal area increment periods before, during after concepts quantify drought. found declines 2018–2020 for most Contrary our hypothesis, did find that per se can buffer growth. while EM decreased with richness, they increased AM communities comprising both types. highlight among various mixtures only those mixed types outperformed respective monocultures Furthermore, drought, community tends segregate into ‘winner’ ‘loser’ terms diversity, indicating possible intensification competition. While cannot disentangle underlying mechanisms clarify mycorrhiza findings suggest within could help safeguard forests against increasing frequency. Synthesis . Drought depend association diverse holds promise restoration face

Language: Английский

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Study on Plant Diversity and Soil Properties of Different Forest Types in Pisha Sandstone Area and Their Correlation

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 211 - 211

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Studying the variation characteristics of species diversity and soil properties across different forest types, as well their interrelationships, enhances our understanding differences in growth development within Pisha sandstone area. In this study, we sampled analyzed plant along with physical chemical factors from four distinct types region Inner Mongolia. Our objective was to explore associated these elucidate relationship between them. The results showed that order moisture, nutrients, PT > AA CK PA.PT; significantly higher than other types. played an important role conservation moisture nutrients under forest, nutrient level PA lower. Using correlation analysis, determined were key affecting understory SWC, SOM, AN dominant two. PCA, it found had good ecological benefits water conservation. findings indicate content levels are critical limiting Furthermore, demonstrate a beneficial effect on restoration efforts region. This study offers theoretical foundation for managing process

Language: Английский

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Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(17), P. 4315 - 4329

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Abstract. Droughts affect terrestrial ecosystems directly and concurrently can additionally induce lagged effects in subsequent seasons years. Such legacy of drought on vegetation growth state have been widely studied tree ring records satellite-based greenness, while legacies ecosystem carbon fluxes are still poorly quantified understood. Here, we focus two monitoring sites central Germany with a similar climate but characterised by different species age structures. Using eddy covariance measurements, detect gross primary productivity (GPP) calculating the difference between random forest model estimates potential GPP observed GPP. Our results showed that, at both sites, droughts caused significant seasonal annual timescales, which were partly explained reduced leaf development. The reduction due to is comparable magnitude concurrent differed neighbouring forests divergent methodology proposed here allows quantification temporal dynamics sub-seasonal scale separation from uncertainties. application larger range will help us quantify whether identified lag general factors they may depend.

Language: Английский

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Plant water use theory should incorporate hypotheses about extreme environments, population ecology, and community ecology

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(6), P. 2271 - 2283

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Summary Plant water use theory has largely been developed within a plant‐performance paradigm that conceptualizes in terms of value for carbon gain and sits neoclassical economic framework. This works very well many contexts but does not consider other values to plants could impact their fitness. Here, we survey range alternative hypotheses drivers stomatal regulation. These are organized around relevance extreme environments, population ecology, community ecology. Most these yet empirically tested some controversial (e.g. requiring more agency behavior than is commonly believed possible plants). Some hypotheses, especially those focused using avoid thermal stress, promote reproduction instead growth, hoard it, may be useful incorporate into or implement Earth System Models.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 241(3), P. 1021 - 1034

Published: Oct. 28, 2023

Summary Mixing species with contrasting resource use strategies could reduce forest vulnerability to extreme events. Yet, how diversity affects seedling hydraulic responses heat and drought, including mortality risk, is largely unknown. Using open‐top chambers, we assessed how, over several years, interactions (monocultures vs mixtures) modulate drought impacts on the traits of juvenile European beech pubescent oak. modeling, estimated interaction effects timing drought‐induced underlying mechanisms driving these impacts. We show that mixtures mitigate adverse for oak (less negative leaf water potential, higher stomatal conductance, delayed closure) but enhance them (lower potential narrower safety margins, faster tree mortality). Potential include oak's larger canopy transpiration, allowing quicker exhaustion soil in mixtures. Our findings highlight has alter events, which would ensure some persist even if others remain sensitive. Among many processes effects, differences size transpiration associated regulation strategy seem primary mixed plantations.

Language: Английский

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Review article: Drought as a continuum: memory effects in interlinked hydrological, ecological, and social systems

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract. Droughts are often long lasting phenomena, without a distinct start or end, and with impacts cascading across sectors systems, creating long-term legacies. Nevertheless, our current perception management of droughts their is event-based, which can limit the effective assessment drought risks reduction impacts. Here, we advocate for changing this perspective viewing as hydro-eco-social continuum. We take systems theory focus on how “memory” causes feedback interactions between parts interconnected at different time scales. first discuss characteristics continuum hydrological, ecological, social separately; then study system systems. Our analysis based review literature five cases: Chile, Colorado River Basin in US, Northeast Brazil, Kenya, Rhine Northwest Europe. find that memories past dry wet periods, carried by both bio-physical (e.g. groundwater, vegetation) people, governance), influence future risk manifests. identify four archetypes dynamics: Impact & recovery; Slow resilience-building; Gradual collapse; High resilience, big shock. The ecological result shifting these types, plays out differently case studies. call more research pre-conditions recovery dynamics triggering changes, dynamic vulnerability maladaptation. Additionally, argue continuous monitoring hazards impacts, modelling tools better incorporate adaptation responses, strategies increase institutional memory to deal complex pathways adaptation.

Language: Английский

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