Parallel Differentiation and Plastic Adjustment of Leaf Anatomy in Alpine Arabidopsis arenosa Ecotypes DOI Creative Commons
Clara Bertel, Dominik Kaplenig,

Maria Ralser

et al.

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(19), P. 2626 - 2626

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Functional and structural adjustments of plants in response to environmental factors, including those occurring alpine habitats, can result transient acclimation, plastic phenotypic and/or heritable adaptation. To unravel repeatedly selected traits with potential adaptive advantage, we studied parallel (ecotypic) non-parallel (regional) differentiation leaf foothill ecotypes Arabidopsis arenosa. Leaves from eight populations, representing three independent colonization events different mountain ranges, were investigated by microscopy techniques after reciprocal transplantation. Most clearly differed between the ecotype, local environment. In leaves thicker, altered proportions palisade spongy parenchyma, had fewer trichomes, chloroplasts contained large starch grains less stacked grana thylakoids compared populations. Geographical origin no impact on most except for trichome stomatal density abaxial surfaces. The strong parallel, ecotypic various absence regional effects suggests that observed are adaptive. These trait shifts may reflect general trends adaptation anatomy associated habitats.

Language: Английский

Replicated Evolution in Plants DOI Creative Commons
Maddie E. James, Timothy J. Brodribb, Ian J. Wright

et al.

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 697 - 725

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Similar traits and functions commonly evolve in nature. Here, we explore patterns of replicated evolution across the plant kingdom discuss processes responsible for such patterns. We begin this review by defining theoretical, genetic, ecological concepts that help explain it. then focus our attention on empirical cases at phenotypic genotypic levels. find replication ecotype level is common, but evidence repeated speciation surprisingly sparse. On other hand, strategies physiological mechanisms similar biomes appears to be pervasive. conclude highlighting where future efforts can us bridge understanding different levels biological organization. Earth's landscape diverse also repeats itself. Organisms seem have followed suit.

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Polyploidization: A Biological Force That Enhances Stress Resistance DOI Open Access

Xiaoying Li,

Luyue Zhang, Xiaochun Wei

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 1957 - 1957

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Organisms with three or more complete sets of chromosomes are designated as polyploids. Polyploidy serves a crucial pathway in biological evolution and enriches species diversity, which is demonstrated to have significant advantages coping both biotic stressors (such diseases pests) abiotic (like extreme temperatures, drought, salinity), particularly the context ongoing global climate deterioration, increased agrochemical use, industrialization. Polyploid cultivars been developed achieve higher yields improved product quality. Numerous studies shown that polyploids exhibit substantial enhancements cell size structure, physiological biochemical traits, gene expression, epigenetic modifications compared their diploid counterparts. However, some research also suggested stress tolerance might not always be associated polyploidy. Therefore, comprehensive detailed investigation essential underlying mechanisms Thus, this review summarizes mechanism polyploid formation, stressors, molecular regulatory networks confer polyploidy tolerance, can shed light on theoretical foundation for future research.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China DOI
Shi‐Jian Yang, Yong‐Jiang Zhang, Ya Zhang

et al.

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(5)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Polyploidization is hypothesized to improve the freezing resistance of plants in cold regions. However, adaptive strategies and key physiological mechanisms involved resistant ability polyploids remain unclear. In Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruits), tetraploids hexaploids occupy higher altitude habitats with colder climates than diploids, providing a study system investigate responsible for differentiation between cytotypes. We characterized environmental conditions their natural distribution areas, measured leaf‐level traits damages water relations at typical sites each cytotype along an altitudinal gradient. Polyploids showed lower semi‐lethal temperature (LT 50 ) ice nucleation (INT), reflecting tolerance strategy cope events plateau More negative turgor loss points larger cell elastic modulus could help alleviate from freezing‐induced dehydration, thus strengthening subzero temperatures (lower LT ). The increased supercooling capacity INT) might correlate less extracellular formation due osmotic potential full turgor, apoplastic fraction tissue capacitance. Our uncovers greater polyploid kiwifruits suggests linkage relations. Taken together, such divergence stress may underlie niche shift towards harsh environments.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Freeze dehydration vs. supercooling of mesophyll cells: Impact of cell wall, cellular and tissue traits on the extent of water displacement DOI Creative Commons
Matthias Stegner,

Alexander Flörl,

J. Lindner

et al.

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 174(6)

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

The extent of freeze dehydration mesophyll cells in response to extracellular ice varies from supercooling severe freezing cytorrhysis. structural factors involved are poorly understood. In a comparison 11 species, the "cell wall", "cellular" and "tissue" traits were investigated. was quantified as reduction sectional area during controlled presence ice. cell wall thickness, size, relative intercellular spaces determined. modulus elasticity determined by psychrometry. To grasp relationships between with dehydration, we applied principal component analysis. first two components explain 84% variance dataset. correlated negatively spaces, positively squared thickness size ratio, thickness. parameters second component. Supercooling appeared preferable high ratio low spaces. Such hypothesised affect magnitude negative turgor pressure being built up below loss point. Negative slows reducing water potential gradient With levels sufficient for accommodation needed. increases cell-to-cell contact could support tissue stability.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Repeated colonisation of alpine habitats by Arabidopsis arenosa involved parallel adjustments of leaf cuticle traits DOI Creative Commons
Clara Bertel, Erwann Arc, Magdalena Bohutínská

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Summary Cuticle function can be pivotal to plant success in different environments. Yet, the occurrence of intraspecific adjustments cuticle traits resulting from acclimation or adaptation habitats remains poorly understood. Here, we used genetically well‐characterised populations Arabidopsis arenosa investigate whether were adjusted as part parallel evolution a foothill an alpine ecotype. Six and six populations, representing at least three independent evolutionary origins ecotype, reciprocal transplantation experiments, eco‐physiological, biochemical structural levels. The genetic basis behind these was assessed by combining selection scans differential gene expression analysis. Overall, showed reduced cuticular transpiration conjunction with consistently altered wax composition, higher accumulation two fatty alcohols iso‐alkanes. Genomic analysis unravelled nine genes associated metabolism showing allelic differentiation compared lowland populations. In silico revealed differences between ecotypes for several related metabolism. Repeated ecotypic together architecture ecotype points adaptive value colonisation habitats.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Frozen mountain pine needles: The endodermis discriminates between the ice‐containing central tissue and the ice‐free fully functional mesophyll DOI Creative Commons
Matthias Stegner, Othmar Buchner,

Michael Geßlbauer

et al.

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 175(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Conifer (Pinaceae) needles are the most frost-hardy leaves. During needle freezing, exceptional leaf anatomy, where an endodermis separates mesophyll from vascular tissue, could have consequences for ice management and photosynthesis. The eco-physiological importance of freezing behaviour was evaluated based on measured natural strain at alpine treeline. Ice localisation cellular responses to were investigated in mountain pine by cryo-microscopic techniques. Their photosynthetic activity assessed gas exchange measurements. response related microchemistry cell walls Raman microscopy. In frozen needles, confined central cylinder bordered endodermis. endodermal lignified. ice-free mesophyll, cells showed no freeze-dehydration found photosynthetically active. Mesophyll had lignified tangential walls, which adds rigidity. barriers seem be realised a specific lignification patterning walls. This, additionally, impedes enables needles. At treeline, is dominant environmental factor, elaborate pattern appears ecological importance.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
When water turns to ice: Control of ice volume and freezing dynamics as important aspects of cold acclimation DOI Creative Commons

Maria Ralser,

Matthias Stegner, Gilbert Neuner

et al.

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 105957 - 105957

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Polyploidy confers better cold tolerance in Daphnia DOI Creative Commons

Ivan Pecl,

Pierre Blier, France Dufresne

et al.

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Despite decades of studies on the differential distribution polyploid organisms, causes this pattern have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed explore some possible physiological mechanisms explaining northern clones Daphnia pulex compared one diploid parental species. The critical thermal minimum (CTmin) was measured in 17 D. contrasted ploidy (diploid and triploid) geographic origins (temperate subarctic climates) reared under low high temperatures (16 24°C). Triploid had better cold tolerance (lower CTmin) than both sympatric temperate clones. No significant association found between CTmin body size nor with cell size. We suggest that triploids might express a shock resistant phenotype related higher gene expression and/or fatty acid profiles. Cold can viewed as reasons for preponderance climates.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Parallel Differentiation and Plastic Adjustment of Leaf Anatomy in Alpine Arabidopsis arenosa Ecotypes DOI Creative Commons
Clara Bertel, Dominik Kaplenig,

Maria Ralser

et al.

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(19), P. 2626 - 2626

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Functional and structural adjustments of plants in response to environmental factors, including those occurring alpine habitats, can result transient acclimation, plastic phenotypic and/or heritable adaptation. To unravel repeatedly selected traits with potential adaptive advantage, we studied parallel (ecotypic) non-parallel (regional) differentiation leaf foothill ecotypes Arabidopsis arenosa. Leaves from eight populations, representing three independent colonization events different mountain ranges, were investigated by microscopy techniques after reciprocal transplantation. Most clearly differed between the ecotype, local environment. In leaves thicker, altered proportions palisade spongy parenchyma, had fewer trichomes, chloroplasts contained large starch grains less stacked grana thylakoids compared populations. Geographical origin no impact on most except for trichome stomatal density abaxial surfaces. The strong parallel, ecotypic various absence regional effects suggests that observed are adaptive. These trait shifts may reflect general trends adaptation anatomy associated habitats.

Language: Английский

Citations

2